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Preskrba Ljubljane s plinom, elektriko, petrolejem, vodo in bencinom v času druge svetovne vojne

Author(s): Mojca Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2006

During the Second World War, the residents of Ljubljana suffered irregular food supplies as well as a shortage of other basic commodities. A series of measures introduced by local authorities, with penalties for non-compliance, compelled them to economise on heating, lighting and even water consumption. Shortages and rationing of basic commodities made peoples lives very difficult, and changed the external appearance of the city. On the basis of archive sources and newspapers, the author examines the supplying of Ljubljana with gas, electricity, kerosene, water and petrol during the Second World War.

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Raskid, revanš i kaos (osvrt na pokret iz studenog - prosinca 2018.)

Author(s): Jean-Pierre Le Goff / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Analitičari i povjesničari nisu propustili naglasiti: pobune i revolucije obilježile su povijest Francuske, i »žuti prsluci« upisuju se u tu dugu tradiciju. Spominju se čas žakerije u srednjem vijeku, čas Francuska revolucija, Srpanjska revolucija 1830„ lipanjski ustanak 1848. ili Pariška komuna, kao i nemiri 1934„ poujadistički pokret pedesetih godina te svibanj '68. Ma koliko bili ilustrativni ti povijesni primjeri, mogli bi nas navesti na pomisao da događaji iz studenog – prosinca 2018. ne predstavljaju ništa posebno novo. Ipak, pobuna »žutih prsluka« sve je iznenadila. Da parafraziramo Marxa, buknula je kao grom iz prividno vedra neba ponad jedne moguće sretne mondijalizacije, pod uvjetom da joj svatko prinese poneku žrtvu. [...]

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The Evolution of Economic Relations Between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union in the Period of 2007-2018

Author(s): Diana PERJU,Rodica Crudu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

This paper analyses the evolution of economic relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union during 2007-2018, assessing the main achievements made by the Republic of Moldova in the realization of its "European dream", as well as the major challenges that it faces in cooperation with the EU. The analysis includes a short history of relations between the parties, indicating the most important events that occurred during 2007-2018; the impact of the EU-Moldova Association Agreement, including DCFTA, upon economic development of the Republic of Moldova; the results of financial assistance offered by the European Union in different sectors of Moldovan economy, as well as the main challenges occurred in cooperation between the parties. Additionally, the paper provides an overall picture of the energy sector of the Republic of Moldova, as one of the greatest priorities for the country and presents the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of it. The methodological base of the paper consists in the analysis of applicative methods, quantitative and qualitative research analysis, analysis of various documents that help to study in details the evolution of relations between the countries and formulate conclusions regarding the investigated topic. The study concludes that the relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union evolved a lot in the period of 2007-2018, but nevertheless, in order to close the ties between the parties there is a need for the Republic of Moldova to work hard on its reform agenda and solve the major problems that it faces.Keywords: Republic of Moldova, the European Union, the EU-Moldova Association Agreement, DCFTA, evolution, energy, achievements, challenges.This paper analyses the evolution of economic relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union during 2007-2018, assessing the main achievements made by the Republic of Moldova in the realization of its "European dream", as well as the major challenges that it faces in cooperation with the EU. The analysis includes a short history of relations between the parties, indicating the most important events that occurred during 2007-2018; the impact of the EU-Moldova Association Agreement, including DCFTA, upon economic development of the Republic of Moldova; the results of financial assistance offered by the European Union in different sectors of Moldovan economy, as well as the main challenges occurred in cooperation between the parties. Additionally, the paper provides an overall picture of the energy sector of the Republic of Moldova, as one of the greatest priorities for the country and presents the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of it. The methodological base of the paper consists in the analysis of applicative methods, quantitative and qualitative research analysis, analysis of various documents that help to study in details the evolution of relations between the countries and formulate conclusions regarding the investigated topic. The study concludes that the relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union evolved a lot in the period of 2007-2018, but nevertheless, in order to close the ties between the parties there is a need for the Republic of Moldova to work hard on its reform agenda and solve the major problems that it faces.

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Protection and Promotion of Agricultural and Food Products at European Union level through European Quality Schemes

Author(s): Laura Cătălina ŢIMIRAŞ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper aims to highlight the use of European quality schemes at Community level to protect agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages. After highlighting the advantages granted to products by using these schemes to protect and, implicitly, promote those products having unique characteristics linked to their geographical origin or, as the case may be, the traditional production / processing system, the paper presents the situation at Community level from the point of view of the quantity of products protected through different quality schemes, by country and category of protected products. Among the quality schemes used at EU level for agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages in the present paper we referred to: "geographical indication" and "traditional specialty guaranteed". The paper is based on the information of European Commission in which protected products are registered through different quality schemes, through and the information contained in various scientific papers, normative acts and statistical databases.

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Основні етапи формування та розвитку екологічної правової культури в сучасному суспільстві

Author(s): Svetlana Petrivna Palamarchuk,Viktor Ivanovich Byrkovych,Oleksandr Petrovich Svitlychnyy / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

Purpose of the Article. It consists in covering the main stages of the formation of ecological culture in the context of the modern culture of society. The methodology is based on the principle of objectivity and an integrated approach and in the application of the method of analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to follow the formation and development of ecological culture in the context of the culture of society. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the expansion of ideas about the ecological culture of man in modern society. The analysis of the gradual formation of ecological culture in the structure and functions of the culture itself. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was established that culture in all its manifestations is an object and subject of study of many specific sciences, ecology is not an exception. Culture was formed on the activities of society and man, along with its results. Culture is the result of the development of the relationship between man and nature, therefore the perception of culture depends on the person. The formation of the ecological culture of society is formed on the basis of education, upbringing and culture, which allows a person to make constructive decisions to solve environmental problems.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-18 March

Author(s): Ioana Caloianu / Language(s): English Issue: 03/23/2020

TOL’s regional roundup: stranded EU citizens; Prigozhin vs. Washington; Azerbaijani journalist released; fishy business in Abkhazia; and radioactive plans for Moscow.

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Political Support at EU Level for Energy and Environmental Policies

Author(s): Clara Alexandra Volintiru,Maria-Floriana Popescu,Doru Franțescu,Melania-Gabriela Ciot / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In a context of ever more complex decision-making at the EU level, it is important to understand the underpinnings of consensus for major policies. Building upon the recent experience of the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, and the end of a legislative cycle in the European Parliament, this article traces the institutional efforts of newer Member States in a dynamic and troubled European Union. We reviewed an extensive set of official documents to discern the main policy goals in the energy and environmental fields. We also present an original data set on the past decisions of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). Building upon our empirical data, we show that despite an integrated approach at EU level between energy and environmental goals, newer Member States in Eastern Europe are still divided, being in favour of more energy interconnectedness, but not inclined to apply environmental standards

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The changing security situation on the Korean Peninsula from 2017 to 2019

Author(s): Lucia Husenicová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In 2017 the security situation in Northeast Asia worsened, largely due to a heightened missile crisis on Korean Peninsula. The DPRK (North Korea) was continuing to test a growing number of missiles with different ranges, culminating with an ICMB-level missile called Hwasong-15 (KN-22), and in September of that year, a sixth nuclear test was conducted. However, the 2018 brought a 180 degree change in the situation as the country have been engaged in significant diplomatic activity. Their so called ‘diplomatic offensive’ concerns South Korea, China, as well as the US. Some tangible results were achieved in inter-Korean relations, while the relations with the US remained at a stalemate ahead of second summit with president Trump in late February 2019. The aim of the presented paper is to look at the importance of the nuclear and missile program for North Korea, the results of the diplomatic offensive last year, and to shed light on North Korean expectations. The paper analyses the character of the DPRK regime and its need to survive in the broader context of current developments on the peninsula. The paper concludes with scepticism regarding the intentions for denuclearization as declared by the North Korean leader.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-29 June

Author(s): Ky Krauthamer / Language(s): English Issue: 07/06/2020

Today’s news roundup: Polish presidential election; loans for Central Asia; illegal logging in Ukraine; drones in Karabakh; and Turkmenistan’s invisible disasters.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-1 July

Author(s): Ioana Caloianu / Language(s): English Issue: 07/06/2020

Highlights from our coverage region: Latvia bans RT; procurement scandal in Slovenia; Catch-22 for Rio Tinto in Mongolia; corona-farewell party in Prague; and more environmental accidents in Siberia.

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Status Grenlandii w świetle zmian klimatycznych

Author(s): Magdalena Tomala / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

As the Arctic climate continues to warm, the importance of Greenland, as an essential element of the geopolitical system of the Arctic region, will increase. The growing availability of local energy resources and rare earth elements will result in the rising interest in the island from the side of external entities. Political and economic activity of third factors, directed towards the capital of Greenland - Nuuk, will thus increase. This phenomenon will be accompanied by enhanced Greenland's aspirations to achieve full political sovereignty.

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Environmental Fiscal Policy for Sustainable and Efficient Renewable Energy

Author(s): Neda Muzho / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article is focused on the appropriate factors for the effective implementation of fiscal policy instruments that lead to more efficient and competitive models for the production of renewable energy. These models became an efficiency tool for value creation and delivery for the customers as part of the transition management for sustainable development. The analysis is based on in-depth case studies in Bulgaria and Belgium and compares the polycentric approaches for governance.

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Extractivismos y democracia. Un escenario de relaciones incestuosas

Author(s): Alberto Acosta,John Cajas Guijarro / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

Those peripheral-dependent countries, specialized in exporting primary goods and heavily financing their economies with exports, seem to be condemned to poverty precisely because they are ‘rich’ in natural resources. This interaction between periphery, dependency, and extractivism seems to trap societies in a perverse logic that consolidates states and economies that live off the rent of Nature. These extractivist regimes, of an exacerbated presidentialism, with a clientelistic approach to attending to social demands, do not structurally address the causes of poverty and marginality. While the environmental and social impacts, typical of these large-scale extractive activities, used ungovernability, which in turn requires new repressive responses. In this context, the exercise of democracy - and even freedoms - is subject to the cycles of commodity prices. The balance is evident, more extractivism, less democracy.

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Informal, ilegal, artesanal, tradicional, ancestral: desentrañando el entramado de los extractivismos por el oro en los ríos sudamericanos

Author(s): Eduardo Gudynas,Axel Rojas / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

Alluvial gold mining corresponds to extractivism. Beyond its different labels, such as informal, illegal, artisan, traditional or ancestral, an analysis following the modes of appropriation perspective shows that it is a diverse and heterogeneous set. Considering three key criteria, twelve different modes were identified. Some highlights of these modes are presented, and a case study in southern Colombia is offered as an example. We estimate that more than 1.3 million people participate in these activities in at least eight South American countries. These activities have severe social and environmental impacts, they are geographically extensive in a patchy pattern, and are frequently associated with human rights violations and violence. This heterogeneity affects the proposals for alternatives.

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Extractivismo, neoextractivismo y commoditties de ilusión desarrollista

Author(s): Elizabeth Concha / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

2020 is the expression of the cumulus of consequences caused by a rapacious capitalism. The degradation of the environment due to the exploitation of natural resources is growing exponentially and at a rate never seen in any other time in economic history. So, make known the alternatives to economic development and sharing knowledge of their intertwining with society are necessary in discussions anywhere, from research centers to a small community or locality, what is extractivism and neo-extractivism as a form of social relationship of economic growth based on the exploitation and destruction of natural resources, emphasize that although certain products such as minerals can be a means of economic growth, their exploitation is immersed in a developmental illusion, dominated by financialized capital, and finally its consequences and manifestations of those who recognize the importance of the land, water, air and who announce to us that without the recovery of that ancestral connection of these elements, there will be no economic development.

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Extractivismos agropecuarios en tiempos de pandemia: flexibilizaciones, asimetrías, autoritarismos y otros efectos derrame

Author(s): Tamara Artacker,Jorge Campanini,Eduardo Gudynas / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

In the context of the Covi19 pandemic, South American government sustained agricultural extractivisms (including agriculture, livestock and forestry). In some cases, they are presented as a solution to the reduction of oil and mineral extractivisms. In other cases, changes occur between different agricultural products. This strategy results in maintaining social and environmental impacts, and strengths asymmetries between business actors and small farmers or peasants. Despite the crisis due to the pandemic was an opportunity for those alternatives focused on supplying food to overcome the nutritional component among the poorest sectors, the prevailing strategy promotes an agriculture that supply merchandises for export, resulting in promoting extractivisms. The spill-over effects were maintained and in some cases deepened, such as social, labor and environmental flexibilities, and public policies that support and shield extractivism were strengthened.

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Extractivismos, conflictos mineros y desarrollo desigual en América del Norte

Author(s): Federico Guzmán López / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2020

Extractivisms and large-scale mining in the North American region made up of Canada, the United States of America and Mexico, were promoted in the hands of transnational private capital, from the neoliberal period 1982-2020. We found two turning points, the first during 1994 with the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the second during 2020 with the trade renegotiation through the Agreement between Mexico, the United States and Canada. (T-MEC) and the global pandemic of COVID-19. The results register seven trends: increases in mining conflicts, international prices and gold reserves in central banks, unequal capital-labor ratio, strengthening of China in mining, continuing operations during the pandemic and Corporate Social Responsibility.

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Реформування земельних відносин в Україні: досвід зарубіжних країн

Author(s): Ivan Mytsenko,Tatiana Reshitko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4 (37)/2020

Theoretical and practical approaches to the formation of land market in Ukraine are considered in the article. The views of scientists and practitioners on the problem of creating land market are summarized. It has been proven that land market is vital for agriculture and rural residents. It allows using land as collateral for agricultural enterprises. It is a source of income for farmers and allows land to move to a more efficient owner.It is investigated that during the transformations in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the state monopoly on land was abolished, agricultural enterprises were privatized, new market structures were created,that is preconditions were created for the introduction of market land turnover and formation of the secondary market of agricultural land. Today it is obvious that further regulation of land relations is needed to ensure effective development of newly created economic agricultural formations. The lack of a real market for agricultural land hinders their efficient distribution and restrains long-term investment in land and agriculture in general.The history of reforming land relations of foreign countries is analyzed and systematized. Peculiarities of land markets formation and organization of lease land relations in the countries of the world are shown. It is studied that the state regulation of the agricultural land market of the EU member states is aimed at preserving land, preventing excessive concentration or fragmentation of land, sale of land primarily to farmers who have experience in agricultural production and live in the area. The issue of the land market is especially acute for countries with economies in transition, including Ukraine. Of particular note is the lease of agricultural land,which is the main form of land relations in many countries. The need to apply positive foreign experience in creating a market for agricultural land in Ukraine is indicated.

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FACTORS FORMING THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

Author(s): Mariana Mandra,Valentin Iliescu,Amalia Gurgui,Alexandru Gribincea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Modern tourism industry is progressing rapidly. Its development contributes to active economic growth of many countries on the globe. The development of tourism industry of a particular state is significantly influenced by world tourism development trends. Today, tourism has become an independent sector of economy, almost 6% of the global gross national product, 5% of all tax revenues and 7% of global investment. The future of tourism is closely connected to the ability of industry to introduce alternative energy technologies and design sustainable development strategies. Sustainable development strategies are a prerequisite for solving problems related to climate change, and play a key role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The tourism market is part of national economy. In the case of international tourism, it simultaneously refers to two sometimes very different economic systems, one of which exists within the borders of the source country and the receiving country. International tourism contributes to the design of a new type of spatial connections that reduce risks of regional conflicts, contributing to cultural and technical enrichment of countries and peoples. The World Tourism Organization declared the year 2020 the year of rural and ecological tourism. The point is that tourism should develop and bring people financial resources not only in big cities, but also in provinces and in the countryside.

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Wartości wewnętrzne i użytkowe wydm nadmorskich w Polsce na tle światowych trendów zarządzania

Author(s): Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2018

The coastal area for the centuries has been performed economic, settlement and defense functions. The disappearance of natural habitats and natural resources as a result of land development caused the need to designate protection zones. However, their area in Poland is insufficient due to the unlimited development of tourist services on the coast. The contemporary approach to the needs of environmental protection distributes human utility values (meaning as instrumental) from intrinsic values of nature. Both human and nature have the right to function and develop. Natural environment is giving many non economic benefits. If, in modern management methods, the human-nature conflict will be not resolved in the future, there will be no natural coastal areas in Poland. This paper presents the methods of valuing the natural environment in the context of the need to preserve the natural values of coastal dunes.

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