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The study examines the extension of state control over the assets of the Romanian Orthodox Church during the communist period of Romanian history. The author examines the topic by separately presenting norms and measures applied to immovable and then to movable assets which were nationalized or taken under state control based on various legislative measures and pretexts. In the study, the process by which the land and immovable assets, both of an ecclesiastical use and used for supporting educational and other church activities, is examined. The measures taken against the land and forestry assets held by the Romanian Orthodox Church by way of its institutions (parishes, monasteries, etc.) is presented as well as the fate of some church buildings. The author also examines the various measures aimed at bringing movable assets of the Romanian Orthodox Church under state control, including by confiscation and forced inclusion into museum collections.
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The article analyses the promotions of Lithuanian treasury Officials under King Sigismund III. It presents models of careers at different levels of the clerical hierarchy and poses the question of the dependence degree of the treasury staff on particular ministers.
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In order to convince as many voters as possible to vote for their own party, different analogue and digital communication formats are used in the context of election campaign communication. In the public space, election posters in particular attract our attention in this context, which, in addition to a catchy color design, are characterized by the linguistic (and non-linguistic) brevity with which they communicate central election campaign arguments. In the present article, we analyze the election posters of the five candidates who presented themselves during the elections for the mayor in Zwickau in 2020. The linguistic and semiotic analysis is qualitative-oriented and aims at contrasting the com¬municative strategies of the involved candidates. In this context, the fact that the election posters are tied to a certain place has an impact on the possible communicative effect.
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When we hear the word administration, we tend to think of many things. In dictionaries, several interpretations usually lead to the same conclusion. The proper management of the community requires an organisation that is able to maintain public safety to ensure its well-being. Law enforcement is not something new, but has long roots in the life of any community, because if there is no sense of security, the community living there cannot expect and hope for development and a vision for the future. In this study I have tried to give a brief summary of how, in the case of the Székely Land, public administration and the organisation of law enforcement have developed over the past centuries. What were the factors on the basis of which they were organised, how widespread was the implementation of the maintenance of order, and were the measures sufficient to maintain security in that era? How were the people in charge of these institutions and organisations named, and how did their powers differ from those of the public security units operating today?
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The section includes a presentation of the legislative process of the EU institutions, the procedures for drafting the European legislation, particularly the activity of the European Parliament, the EU Council and the Commission.
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As a result of the 2014 reform of the EU public procurement system, there has been a paradigm shift in public procurement law. The 2014 Directives underlined that public procurement plays a key role in implementing the EUROPA 2020 strategy, as one of the market-based instruments used to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth while ensuring the most efficient use of public funds. Strategic public procurement, related to the implementation of the principle of sustainable development and the promotion of innovation, has been recognized as one of the basic elements of the investment environment and a strategic instrument in the economic policy toolkit of each Member State. As a consequence of the implementation of the 2014 directives, changes have been made to the Polish public procurement law. The Act of 11 September 2019 put more emphasis on the implementation of the Best Value for Money principle while simultaneously focusing on the principle of sustainable development. However, the mere regulation of public procurement law instruments is not sufficient to use the potential of strategic public procurement for the needs of development policy. This article suggests that a well-coordinated state policy should be taken into account in order to improve the efficiency of the procurement process. It also states that the adopting of behavioral economics tools and behavioral law & economic analysis, in order to develop appropriate practices on the public procurement market, might be crucial for correcting the dysfunctions of market mechanisms and achieving socioeconomic development goals.
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The efficient organization of public procurement in contracting authorities has a direct impact on the effectiveness of their awarding and performance. The principle of procurement efficiency has recently been placed in the catalogue of primary statutory principles, due to the persistent difficulties involved in its practical realization, resulting mainly from insufficient knowledge of its legal meaning. Difficulties, including scientific ones, are exacerbated by the necessary coupling of organizational solutions with the requirements of civil, administrative and labour law. For this reason, the aim of the article is to remove the existing cognitive gap, primarily in the scope of the legal meaning of the regulations, foundations and rules of functioning of the tender committee with regard to the position of its manager, the legal nature of individual official orders, and the status of ‘substantively competent’ employees acting on the side of the public contracting authority. This analysis enables several de lege ferenda conclusions and postulates to be formulated. In particular, it is necessary to define the legal meaning of public procurement regulations and instructions being issued to subordinate employees, the legal basis for the criminal and administrative liability of members of the tender committee and ‘substantively competent employees’, in the name of the principle that the perpetrators are primarily responsible for irregularities, and the manager of the contracting authority at most for negligence of supervision. Moreover, it seems desirable to normalize the status of ‘substantively competent employees’, as more independent, employed taking into account the requirement of the necessary professional knowledge, experience and professional competences, and able to ensure the professional service of public procurement.
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The article discusses the models of constitutional accountability as well as the personal and material scope. The Polish model of accountability is much closer to politicization than to juridization. The Constitution defines a closed circle of entities that may be held accountable before the State Tribunal, which adjudicates on three types of liability: 1. For a constitutional tort, i.e. a violation of the Constitution or a statute, however, without the characteristics of a criminal offence. 2. Criminal law unrelated to a constitutional tort, this applies only to the person holding the office of the President of the Republic of Poland. 3. Criminal for a constitutional delict meeting the criteria of a criminal offence, concerning an act committed in connection with the function performed.
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Urban governance (UG) is a place-based network of cooperation between public and non-public actors where public authorities play a strategic role in deciding on city matters. A number of UG actors include advisory councils (ACs), characterized by a long tradition, universality, stability and objectives related to urban affairs. The article aims to identify AC roles in UG. In addition, the author hypothesizes a correlation between the number of official (statutory) and informal (not legally regulated) roles and differences between ACs in terms of the roles they play. The hypotheses were verified in qualitative research. 57 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the youth councils, senior citizen councils, sport councils, and councils for residents with disabilities in 16 Polish cities. The interview transcripts were uploaded to QDA Miner for encoding and analysis. It was found that all ACs, regardless of their official roles, play informal roles, and all these roles are related to UG. There is no correlation between the number of official and informal roles, which would make ACs very similar unless the mandatory character of the roles played by the council for residents with disabilities, which differs this AC from the other. The results of the study lead the author to recommend revisions to AC regulations in order to increase their participation in the UG.
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Studies concerning the dynamics of party systems between parliamentary elections are usually based on legislative party switching analyses. This issue was considered and proved in some Western European case studies as well as in some comparative analyses dedicated to the parliaments in the consolidated democracies. But the personal structures of the parliaments in the East-Central European countries are impacted by more than just party switching processes. In this article we propose adopting a broader concept of intraparliamentary volatility, which includes both party switching and replacements of parliamentary mandates. Using data from a full term, 2011–2015, we reconstructed chronological changes in the personal structure of the lower house of the Polish parliament, placing them on a specially created timeline with the intervals marked for each month and distinguishing between change resulted from party switching and replacement of parliamentary mandate. During the period we analyzed the number of independent deputies and the number of parties in the parliament increase alongside with the approaching of the next election. We claim this indicates a stable level of intraparliamentary volatility – immanent for the party systems between parliamentary elections – but this could rise when some special occurrences (i.e. other types of elections or splits within the relevant political party) take place.
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The article is based on the data of the 10th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) analysis and discusses the correlation between Lithuanian residents’ satisfaction with democracy and political participation, self-evaluation of political efficacy, social trust, trust in authorities and satisfaction with their performance, as well as sociodemographic variables. The article also analyses the dynamics of satisfaction with democracy in Lithuania, and this indicator is compared with the data of other countries that participated in the ESS. The analysis was performed with a representative sample of the Lithuanian population, and the case of Lithuania was compared with representative population samples of other countries. The method of research is statistical analysis, Pearson’s r correlation coefficient was calculated. Statistically significant correlations were identified between the satisfaction with democracy and almost all analysed variables. The strongest positive statistically significant correlations between the satisfaction with democracy in Lithuania are with the satisfaction with the government and its performance and trust in authorities.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the antitourism movement in Barcelona and Catalonia as an example of a new social movement. The author assumes that the organizational activities and ideas of the region’s social organizations, local communities and residents in the 2010s meet the criteria of a this type of movement. In order to prove this assumption, the article makes references to selected definitions of the social movement as a category belonging in political science, as well as the academic literature on tourism. The study presents the genesis and demands of the movement along with the most probable scenario of its future development. The author concludes that the antitourist movement is regional and concerns only cities and regions where negative tourist phenomena have occurred. Therefore, antitourist demands may become part of the election debate at the local level and strengthen the potential of radical parties.
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Review of: Sergiu Mișcoiu, Cristian Preda, Andreea Bianca Urs, Domnica Gorevei, Systemes politiques et dynamiques conflictuelles en Afrique : Quel impact pour la mondialisation ? Paris, Editions du cerf, 2022, 263 pp.
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Reforming public administration is a complex and lengthy process, especially in so-called transition countries. Practically, for the first twenty years after regaining independence, Ukraine was only creating the foundations of a decentralized public administration, partially combining Western models and the structures of the Soviet administration that had been functioning for decades. It was only in the second decade of the 2000s that a milestone was made towards a significant reconstruction of the structure and functions of public administration, guided by the standards of Western democracies. The culmination of the process of reforming the public sector was the creation of local government at the community level. Along with the process of creating independent territorial units, a need arose to formulate long-term development plans as the basic instruments of social and economic development policy at the local level. This process in many cases was and is supported by the activity and experience of Polish institutions implementing various projects in Ukraine, the purpose of which is to develop a development strategy for territorial units. The aim of this article is to present the conditions of territorial decentralization in Ukraine after regaining independence in the early 1990s and the results of the strategic project implemented in 2021 by the employees of the Department of Public Administration of the Institute of Political Sciences and Administration of UMCS. The main product of the implemented project was the development of the Herca Municipality Development Strategy in the Chernivtsi Oblast in Ukraine, based on the participatory-expert model. The results presented below refer in particular to the description of the process of elaborating the development strategy and the conclusions of the strategic analysis carried out.
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Latin America celebrated the symbolic 40th anniversary of the third wave of democratization in 2018. Th is process began in the Dominican Republic in 1978, then covered the Andean countries. In the 1980s, it reached Central and South America, as well as Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, then Chile and Nicaragua. Only Cuba remained outside this trend. Th e countries went through an election cycle, which was an un-precedented event in the history of Latin America, dominated by more or less cruel dictatorships and brutal violence against those who criticized them and wanted to change this state. More than 30 presidential elec-tions were held on this continent between 2009 and 2016. Th ere passed 17 elections only during the three years between 2013 and 2016. Th us, democratic election campaigns and presidential elections have become a permanent part of the landscape of this region marked for centuries by strong authoritarianism and dic-tatorial power. Th e aim of this analysis is to present Venezuela’s political system nowadays on the map of Latin America 30 years aft er the opening of the third wave of democratization. We accept the thesis that the violence and brutal strategy of the authorities towards the political opposition cause fear and weaken its action, and thus postpone the possibility of democratic political changes. Systems analysis and compara-tive analysis should help to fi nd answers to the following questions: What is the condition of the political system in Venezuela? What are the possible scenarios for the introduction of democratic rule aft er 22 years of authoritarian rule? What is the strategy of the political opposition? Is it able to win the fi ght against the Maduro dictatorship?
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Itinerary activity at Palace of Parliament hosted by the Legislative Council - second trimester of 2023 -
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This article critically presents and examines consociational interpretations of the European Union. The first part of article explains obstacles and basic principles in applying consociationalism to the European Union. The second part of the article presents analyses of political institutions and political dynamics of the European Union based on Arend Lijpharts’s model of consociational democracy. The third part of article presents research insights on the type of consociation in the European Union, while the fourth part reviews explanations of genesis of consociational arrangements in the European Union. Concluding part discusses methodological problem and heuristic contribution of consociational interpretations of the European Union.
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The article presents the basic assumptions of the public law associations concept by Tadeusz Bigo and emphasizes its timeliness. The concept indicates relations between three notions: public law associations (corporations), self-government, and decentralization.
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The Nigerian public service is crucial to the country’s economic development. This is because a vibrant public service sector is able to harness effectively overhead taxes and also account for public expenditure at all levels. The objective of this study is to investigate how public servants perceive work ethics to positively influence organizational success and productivity in Nigeria’s public sector. In this study, the researcher used qualitative methods to analyze the response of 15 individuals from the public who have visited a typical public office at least 3 times within the last years. An interview form containing 7 items was administered, and the results were analyzed from themes that give a true picture of the perception of respondents. It was observed that workers in public service are not professional enough, taking their jobs with levity. As a result, this study recommends public service reforms.
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