Territorialisten und Globalisten

Author(s): Charles S. Maier / Language(s): German Issue: 14/1997

Im folgenden soll gezeigt werden, daß die wichtigste politische Trennungslinie in cheute zwischen zwei politischen de facto-Koalitionen verläuft: Nennen wir sie die Partei der Globalisierung und die Partei der Territorialität. Die erste sucht.die geographischen Grenzen zu überwinden, die zweite, sie zu restaurieren. Diese beiden Gruppierungen fallen jedoch nicht mit den traditionellen politischen Parteien zusammen, wie wir sie geerbt haben. Genau genommen handelt es sich nicht um Parteien, sondern um Mentalitäten und Wähleraffinitäten. Um es mit einer Metapher aus der Computerwelt zu umschreiben: Es handelt sich um virtuelle Parteien. Sie stehen quer zu den heute existierenden organisierten Parteien, so daß sich in jeder der klassischen politischen Formationen Anhänger der neuen ),')Parteien« finden. Wir wollen insbesondere den Fragen nachgehen, warum und wie sich diese Wähleraffinitäten herausgebildet haben, wie sich die neuen Parteien zu den alten verhalten und was die Folgen für die westlichen Demokratien sein könnten.

What's Next? oder: Neokapitalismus und Neue Linke

Author(s): Claus Leggewie / Language(s): German Issue: 14/1997

Eine einflußreiche Denkschule in den Vereinigten Staaten und in Europa ist davon überzeugt, daß Globalisierung diesseits wie jenseits des Atlantiks autoritäre und rechtsradikale Entwicklungen freisetzt und begünstigt. Die Kritiker beziehen sich dabei vor allem auf solche Entwicklungen der Arbeitsmärkte und Sozialversicherungssysteme, die eine wachsende Zahl von »schwer Vermittelbaren«, Un- und Unterbeschäftigten, Langzeitarbeitslosen und Sozialhilfeempfängern hervorbringen. In der französischen Diskussion werden diese Gruppen als »exclus« gekennzeichnet, im Deutschen hat sich der Terminus »Überflüssige« (Enzensberger 1995) eingebürgert. Am Ende der Globalisierung steht demnach, als Resultat eines verhängnisvollen Wettrennens der Wirtschaftsstandorte um die niedrigsten Löhne und Sozialabgaben, eine Zweidrittelgesellschaft.

Die Krise der Demokratie und die Zukunft der internationalen Ordnung

Author(s): Pierre Hassner / Language(s): German Issue: 14/1997

»Zeitalter der Extreme« hat der Historiker Eric Hobsbawm das 20. Jahrhundert genannt. Nichts ist banaler als der Hinweis darauf, wie sehr die spektakulären Fortschritte in Sachen Wissenschaft, Wohlstand, aber auch Demokratie, und die E:rfahrung der beiden Weltkriege und der beiden totalitären Systeme auseinanderklaffen. Weniger offensichtlich ist die Transformation der Gegensatzpole selber: die Art zum Beispiel, wie der klassische Gegensatz zwischen innerem Frieden und äußerem Krieg auf den Kopf gestellt wird oder wie Widersprüche überwunden, dann aber weder durch eine dauerhafte Pattsituation noch eine befriedigende Synthese, sondern durch neue 'Widersprüche abgelöst werden.

O.S.C.E. 1975-2015. 40 Years of Peaceful Conflict Resolution

Author(s): Daniel Burlacu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The European Union, in light of developments in the field of crisis-management concepts, is still in the phase of institutional building and foundation of its own concepts and doctrines. This does not mean that the EU has taken important steps towards the creation of a doctrine based on a crystallized concept of crisis management. It should be noted at this point that since 2004 the EU has defined a comprehensive approach to crisis management. However, although conceptually placed one step ahead of NATO's comprehensive approach, operational in concept, its actual implementation has proved to be a slow and difficult process for the EU because the EU does not have a military component of its own, being much more focused on the civilian crisis management component as part of its comprehensive approach and on the idea of cooperative security, where the EU has managed to become a major player in the area of strategic interest on the global scene.

Romania and the Eurasian Union. Plans, Predictions and Perspectives

Author(s): Mircea-Cristian Ghenghea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Following the events in Ukraine, Romania might represent one of the key points for the Eurasian perspectives that have circulated in the last years in Moscow. Through our text we intend to present and to highlight the main ideas and plans of Eurasian inspiration regarding Romania, as well as the interesting predictions made, in certain moments, by some representative characters for the Eurasian paradigm, like Aleksandr Dugin, for instance, who is its main ideologist and promoter. At the same time, one must not neglect the signals of discontent from Moscow about the need of dissipating the so-called sanitary cordon of the Western powers, in which the Baltic States, Poland, and Romania are included – another aspect bearing a particular importance for understanding certain gestures, attitudes and statements related to the role and the place of the Eurasian Union.

New Geopolitical Realities and Ukraine: In Search of New International Models and Combinations

Author(s): Vladlen Makoukh / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The new geopolitical realities pose difficult challenges for Ukraine in reviving old, as well as in searching new international models, combinations and configurations. Thus, when considering regional models such as the incentives GUAM, «V4», or BSEC, Ukraine should take into consideration, both their ups and downs. Within this context, the current paper proposes to assess the risks of Ukraine's participation in various forms of blocs and alliances.

Romania, the European Union and Russia

Author(s): Ion Mușchei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Throughout history, international relationships have always witnessed the forming of alliances, bilateral agreements, mutual treaties, conventions, partnerships or founding organizations. All these agreements have lasted as long as all the actors involved have shared a common interest, but during conflictual periods they have been reduced to simple sheets of paper. Certainly, the very same states have, again and again, been both ‘friends’ and ‘enemies’ because in international relations “nations have no permanent friends or allies, they only have permanent interests.”1 Thus, in a world of growing interdependence and continuous change, globalization will not turn this world into a flat one, nor will it bring history to an end. On the contrary, it will generate new threats and will make differences more obvious and more striking. Moreover, the events that have taken place during the last few years clearly point this out. Starting with the 2013 Summit in Vilnius, the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership, in particular, have brought about major direct changes in Eastern Europe and indirect ones in Bruxelles, culminating in territorial changes in the immediate proximity of Romania. Taking into account both its significant geopolitical and geostrategic location and its membership to the European Union, Romania finds itself, as always, at a crossroads. In this context, the present paper aims at determining the role the European Union plays in Romania’s relationship with Russia.

Coordinates and Representations of Architecture for a Regional Cross-Border Development Strategy

Author(s): Marcela Şlusarciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The general objective of the wider research this paper is part of is to analyze in a multidisciplinary framework the economic development poles of the Romanian border areas and to identify the ways to building a viable strategy in a cross-border framework. One of the specific objectives is to design a complex model that shapes an adequate architecture for a development strategy for a cross-border area. A result that meets this objective is an architectural tridimensional model for building a development strategy for a cross-border area that is presented in this paper, based on the growth/development poles. The description includes the main coordinates and representations of the model, where the building framework is the institutional system layered on many levels, the main levels being structured by the economic sectors and where the solidity points are the growth/development poles from the cross-border area.

Érdekeltség-alapú állampolgárság és transznacionális politikai részvétel: a külső szavazás normatív értékelése

Author(s): Rainer Bauböck / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2014

Baltic Sea regional integration: water protection, university co-operation – and agriculture?

Author(s): Stefan Ewert / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Research on Baltic Sea region building processes emphasizes the discursive elements of the emergence of the region in the beginning of the 1990s, yet lacks the analysis of policy-specific developments of regional integration around the Baltic Sea. My article argues that the neo-functionalist approach opens useful insights in order to understand these developments. Starting from marine environment protection as a nucleus of regional integration, I demonstrate spill-over effects to the field of education policy and higher education co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region. Following this, I analyze why there are no spill-over effects to the adjacent policy area of agriculture up to now.

A typical example of mental region-building? The Balkan area in Finnish schoolbooks from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century

Author(s): Kari ALENIUS / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Schoolbooks play a crucial role in the formation of one’s world view. This study analyzes how the Balkan area has been depicted in Finnish schoolbooks under the existence of the modern school system from the 1870s to the 2000s. For this study, all history and geography schoolbooks published in Finland have been examined. Of books of which there are several editions, at least the first and the last editions and any other necessary ones have been used. The familiarization of Finnish school children with the Balkan countries and peoples has occurred through two subjects, history, and foremost, through geography. Descriptions and interpretations relating to the Balkan area and its inhabitants have existed in Finnish schoolbooks from the beginning. During approximately 140 years, the amount of description and content has changed in some respects, but on the other hand, elements of clear continuity and immutability are apparent.

The Baltic Sea and the Black Sea: security challenges and vulnerabilities after the Cold War

Author(s): Mihai Sebastian Chihaia / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the USSR, the international system changed, becoming a unipolar one. Not only did this fact bring a diffusion of power and the reaffirmation of smaller actors/regional powers, the enlargement of several international organizations such as NATO and the EU, but also prompted regional transition and integration. This paper will focus on two regions that are fundamental in the security environment of Europe and its neighborhood: the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. Both areas suffered important changes after 1990. Furthermore, the areas mentioned have been a rendezvous point for several elements such as the shifting balance of power, political ambitions of smaller states, transit point for global trade routes (Scandinavia, Baltics and the Black Sea) and energy security issues. The article will take into account the concerns of the actors, outlining their security challenges and vulnerabilities as well as identifying similarities between countries from the two regions addressed. The comparison will further address the issues the regions faced after the end of the Cold War such as the emergence of new countries, political and economic transition with emphasis on cooperation initiatives and integration in NATO and EU. The main aim of the article will be to frame the similarities and differences of the political and security environment of the two regions. The structure of the paper goes as follows. I will start by laying out a theoretical framework centred upon the concept of security and what it involves and after that I will introduce and define the two regions discussed in the article, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea areas and outline the context each of them faced after the end of the Cold War. The next section will address the threats to the stability of the regions, creating the frame for the last part of the article which will make a comparison between the Baltic and the Black Sea Areas.

Zahraničná politika Slovenska v roku 2013

Author(s): Miroslav Lajčák / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Západný Balkán - silná stránka zahraničnej politiky

Author(s): Július Lőrincz / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Verejná diplomacia SR v roku 2013

Author(s): Ondrej Gažovič / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Desať rokov zahraničnej politiky SR: detské choroby, zvládnutá integrácia a povstupová výzvy

Author(s): Alexander Duleba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Vyšehradská skupina v roku 2013: úspechy v tieni Vilniuského summitu

Author(s): Tomáš Strážay / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

Zahraničná politika Slovenska v roku 2012

Author(s): Miroslav Lajčák / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

Vzťahy Slovenska s krajinami východnej Európy v roku 2012

Author(s): Alexander Duleba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism in Europe

Author(s): Asle Toje / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016