Generál Bohuslav Všetička a jeho plán tyfového útoku v době okupace
This article is a biography of general Bohuslav Všetička.
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This article is a biography of general Bohuslav Všetička.
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This paper is derived from “Exploring the Future Operating Environment”, published in Joint Force Quarterly, April 2018. The article was presented at the Defense & Strategy 2018 conference, which took place at the University of Defense in Brno on 4-6 June 2018
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The paper presents the research methodology applied with the purpose to identify the determinants of Romania’s security strategy in interaction with the global supra-structures (like NATO, UN, EU, OSCE, WTO, IAEA, EDA, etc.) and to provide a web-based interactive tool able to generate a new security strategy, fully integrated and adapted to the current regional and world security environment. In this regards, it also renders - in the form of a case study - part of the findings obtained in the content analysis of the security strategies of five Central and Eastern Europe countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia), focusing on the role of NATO, as it appears within the analysed security strategies.
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When attempting to interpret a country’s foreign policy, especially its policies concerning neighbouring or regional powers, it becomes necessary to examine early relations between both countries, and trace how they have developed over time. Such an approach is no different when examining the modern relations between Germany and Lithuania, whose shared history has been a complex one, defined by both times of strong relations and at others, by violence and military clashes.
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In May of 2018, United States President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), colloquially known as the Iran nuclear deal. This deal was one of Barack Obama’s biggest achievements in international politics, with many experts and policy actors widely endorsing and backing the agreement.
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This study aims to bring an explanation to the world war phenomenon through focusing on how the dyadic crises of states may incline a world war rather than making a systemic level of analysis. To that end, this study based upon the existing findings of empirical international relations theory. The findings of several studies demonstrate that territorial crises, contiguity, protracted conflicts/disputes within dyads, international rivalry issues increases the war proneness of dyads. These war prone dyads may be observed as a bilateral conflict or at the utmost regional war among states. However, these dyads may have a tendency to transform the existing war into a world war as a consequence of contagion. The contagion derived from the alliances, opportunity and willingness of non-belligerents, or behaviors of other major powers involving the crisis.
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Terrorism, which can be summarized as the use of violence for political purposes, is not a modern phenomenon but it has a very long historical background. There is no doubt that the terrorist attack carried out by the nineteen Al-Qaida militants against the United States on September 11, 2001 was a complete breaking point for terrorism. It can be said that the parameters of terrorism, started calling as “new terrorism” after this point, have changed drastically with its changing organizational structure and methods. First of all, terrorist organizations have started to be organized as loose and cell-based networks based on a minimum chain of command. Also, it is seen that the weapons of mass destruction are used in addition to conventional ones, and it is observed that these organizations have increased access to weapons of mass destruction. In addition, the ideological structures that underlie the extremist ideas of this new terrorism are politically ambiguous, religious based or mystical motivations. These new terrorist generation do not hesitate to use unusual asymmetric methods of terror that will maximize the loss of life. On the other hand, the internet, which spread all over the world in the 90s and the social media, caught on parallel to internet, offered a more useful channel for the terrorists to make propaganda. In this context, terrorists are specialized in the use and manipulation of social media as well. Terrorism is a greater threat than ever before to the international security environment in this new era, where globalization, triggered by technological developments, facilitates the lives of not only ordinary people but also terrorists by increasing their capabilities and access opportunities. Undoubtedly, it can be said that ISIS become one of the most important representative of new terrorism in terms of used methods and implemented tactics in the such an environment that new terrorism debates began to be held more intensively following to the September 11 attacks. In this context, the effects of the “new terrorism” to future security environment was analyzed in this study through the DAESH terrorist organization, which is one of the best examples of the new terror definition.
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This research paper focuses on Turkey’s intervention, as a third-party actor at the regional level, to the Syrian conflict. The aim of this study is to reveal how decisive the perception of national security is to Turkey's existing or prospective intervention, and to what extent this situation contributes to the behavior and methods of other actors, who are involved in the conflict. According to this, this study explains the motivations of Turkey to intervene, the methods Turkey used, and Turkey's interactions with other third-party actors in the process. The result of the study indicates that national security phenomenon is the key factor in Turkey's intervention, Turkey's strategies and intervention methods, has changed in line with the behavior of other third-party actors and the dynamics of the conflict.
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This paper examines the evolution of the organizational culture of Turkish military, and how underlying variables and dynamics have influenced its development. The main finding is that the Turkish military’s organizational culture includes shared basic norms, rules, values, and beliefs, and that they are taught to create a common identity to entrants. Turkish military organizational culture makes employees feel part of an exclusive organization where adherence to heroism, honor, patriotism, and loyalty represent a common identity. This paper includes three main sections: a brief theoretical overview of culture and organizational culture; analysis of the evolution of Turkish military culture; examination of the variables and dynamics influencing its evolution.
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The article analyzes the methodology for assessing the capabilities of the medical service units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. According to the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine, the purpose of defense reform in Ukraine is the acquisition and maintenance by the defense forces of the required combat readiness level and ability to fulfill the tasks of defense of the state (defense capabilities), effective response to emerging military threats and military-political challenges to national security, the level of interoperability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with units of the armed forces of NATO member states and the EU to fulfill common tasks in international peacekeeping and security operations. Purpose of the study. Conduct a scientific analysis of world and domestic sources of information on modern views on the organization and conduct of defense planning activities and assessing the capabilities of the medical service in the armed forces of the leading countries of the world. Research methods are descriptive, biblio-semantic, statistical, system analysis, conceptual modeling for the analysis and synthesis of defense planning data based on the capabilities and assessment of the capabilities of the armed forces medical service.
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This study was made for compared and investigate to physical characteristics and physical performances of the cadets of Turkish and Azarbaijan Land Forces academy. With that aim, 400 Cadets between 17-20 years of age participated in this study. The purpose of this study was to determine physical characteristics (height and body weight) and the physical performances (pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, 2400m run) of the cadets. At conclusion, the Turkish cadets were found better than Azarbaijan in a few parameters. Height, body weight, push-ups, sit-ups, 2400m run values was better in Turkish cadets, pull-ups values was almost same in Turkish and Azarbaijan cadets. Although the Turkish and Azarbaijan cadets were the same age, the reason of the Turkish cadets higher values concerning to economics, politics, genetics, environmental factors and the applications of approach to the departments of physical education of the Turkish Land Forces academy.
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NATO is regularly referred to as one of the most successful alliances in world history. In today’s world, there has been no comparable military alliance which can compete with NATO’s large military and political reach. However, there are disputes on the effectiveness of NATO post-Cold War. The extended membership of Eastern European countries - including Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic - also really contributed to the debate over the purpose of the alliance. In this regard, the purpose of this article to analyse the effects of the enlargement on its future.
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The Turkish Straits, which constitutes a unique element of the inter-continental geopolitical position that Turkey has in the interaction and struggle of the land and maritime power centers in international politics, maintains its significance in every period depending on the principle of the invariance of geographical fortune, it continues to make it a determinant in the 21st century, at the point of setting, maintaining and changing political and military balances in world politics.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the nationalist periodicals of the OUN ‘Surma’ and ‘Renewal of the Nation.’ At the same time, thematic publications on military issues were investigated, and their organizing role in the national liberation struggle of Ukrainian people was represented. The methodology of the reseaкch is to apply analytical-synoptic, logical methods which made it possible to present theoretical views on the periodicals of the military organization. The scientific novelty of the work is that the article substantiates the significance of military periodicals OUN as a propagandist of the ideas of Ukrainian organized nationalism among the broad masses; the military issues of the magazines ‘Surma’ and ‘Renewal of the Nation’ is presented; it is characterized the main users of the nationalist press organs on ideological political and military issues: J. Konoval’tsa, R. Jaroho, R. Sushka with the cooperation of V. Kolosovs’koho, V. Kurmanovycha and M. Kapust’ans’koho.
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The purpose of the article to reveal and show the peculiarities of patriotic social advertising in support of the Ukrainian army (for example, video clips). Methodology. At the heart of the research methodology - the analyst, which involves the application of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special, in particular, monitoring MMC. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time within the Ukrainian social communication science, the patriotic social advertising of military orientation (video) in Ukraine has been analyzed. Conclusions. In recent years, a specific communicative situation has developed in our country, in which the advertising industry in Ukraine has undergone a number of changes.
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After the Second World War, Western European societies had seen some changes in cultural values associated with liberalization, individualism, and hedonism. Value change in society becomes more and more relevant because it means the decreasing level of traditionalism and individual commitment to the group whereas self-realization becomes more and more relevant. After the war, the peace time was established and as a result the importance of modern state armies started to diminish. Nowadays modern armies are affected by organizational changes and adapt the characteristics of civilian organizations. According to some authors, in postindustrial society the professional identity of a military officer is similar to the one of a manager or an ordinary bureaucrat. For a long time, the profession of a military officer was associated with heroism, idealism, honor and prestige. The officers’ corps was regarded as a military elite manifesting leadership and high standards of a military ethics. These values remain relevant in the normative documents of armies. As an army representative, military officer is also a member of a civil society. Therefore, a military officer faces the challenge of having to adapt to culturally different values of both modern society and traditional military. His professional identity has to combine culturally diverse landmarks of both society and the army. Ambivalent values determine the conflict of different values in officer’s professional identity. The conducted research demonstrates that ambivalence points to the military officers’ dissatisfaction with self-realization in military service, horizontal relationships with subordinates and compatibility of family and service time.
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This paper examined peace accounting and its implication on economic growth in Nigeria by means of secondary data of expenditure on defense, global peace index and gross domestic growth obtained for a period of 1996-2017. An Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) statistical technique was employed and ARCH regression estimator shows ARCH(1) parameter of.290 and LM test with p-value of 0.0009, which is below 0.05, suggests a rejection of the null hypothesis of no ARCH(1) effects of peace accounting on the level of economic growth in Nigeria (Walch chi2(2) = 14.13). This implies that the resources channeled to peacekeeping no doubt have affected the level of economic growth in Nigeria. In view of the finding, it was recommended that the government should commit more resources and measures aimed at ensuring peaceful coexistence in the country in order to foster economic growth. As a matter of urgency, peace accounting models that can alleviate economic growth should be developed by accounting researchers. Besides, accounting regulatory framework should consider developing standards on peace accounting at both national and global levels.
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The purpose of this article is to understand the factors determining the state of European Union-NATO relations since 2017. Current determinants of these relations are discussed alongside the structures of interinstitutional links between the two organizations. In order to properly investigate the research problems identified, qualitative selection of sources in the form of legal acts and ‘soft law’ documents of the organizations concerned has been em- ployed. The research questions addressed in the analysis concern the sources and dynamics of changes in these relations. The answers are based on an examination of the determinants of behavior of participants in the decision-making process of both organizations. The article is based on the assumption that, in the period analyzed, the hitherto principle of correlation of tasks based on the two organizations mutually complementing their respective potentials, has been modified. Recurrent situations calling for a joint and multidimensional response to crises have considerably widened the potential scope of strategic commitment of both partners and contributed to their links becoming stronger. Intensified activities aimed at developing the EU’s CSDP have occurred while political disputes regarding the role of both entities in the new balance of strategic forces have significantly multiplied. European limitations on exercising an actual military influence in the region impede the chances of effective cooperation between the two entities.
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The collapse of the Cold-War order in Europe brought about a radical change in the global security system. The dissolution of the Soviet Union and the disbandment of the Warsaw Pact created a situation where the only serious and effective guarantee of stability in Europe was NATO. Central European states, which until that time had been subordinated to the USSR, un- equivocally and consistently chose to pursue the Euro-Atlantic direction in their security policy. The decision resulted in their gaining full, even though gradual, membership in the Alliance during the years 1999–2004. The accession process was first completed by the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Central Europe is not free from dangers stemming from national and su- pranational transformations. NATO is facing the need to increase its activity and systematically ensure joint cooperation and security guarantees as regards all its member states. This is pri- marily caused by a revival of Russia’s superpower ambitions under the presidency of Vladimir Putin and an escalation of terrorism and cyberspace threats. The decisions and practical actions related to biennial NATO summits are of vital importance in this respect. The text presented here is an analysis of the security of Central Europe within NATO structures in the light of the last three NATO summits: in Newport in 2014, in Warsaw in 2016 and in Brussels in 2018.
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Branding has become an essential activity in international relations as states require ways of distinguishing themselves from one another. A similar trend has emerged with non-state actors such as terrorist groups. Following the Chibok Kidnappings of April 2014, the ‘Chibok Brand’ emerged affording Boko Haram considerable international notoriety as the abduction of 276 schoolgirls by a non-state actor was unprecedented. Despite the success of the ‘Chibok Brand’, little research has been done to explain the dual usage of the ‘Chibok Brand.’ Hence, this paper seeks to explore the emergence and continued relevance of the ‘Chibok Brand’ using a combination of desktop research and Twitter analysis. The ‘Chibok Brand’ is explored from three different angles, namely: Boko Haram, the Nigerian government and the West. This paper finds that while the brand is still of relevance in the present time, it only remains so in relation to Boko Haram and the West. The absence of the reference to this brand by the Nigerian government suggests that it underestimates the value of the ‘Chibok Brand’ in sustaining Boko Haram, which could further impede counter-terrorism efforts.
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