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Transition from Post-Communism: South-East Europe between Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Globalization

Author(s): Mislav Kukoč / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As some other new notions and phenomena such as clash of civilizations and bioethics, notions post-communism, multiculturalism and globalization has become known only quite recently, during the last decade of the 20th Century. The term post-communism contains the prefix ‘post’ which implies rather negative definition of a global society which comes ‘after communism’, or something which is ‘no-longer-communist-but-notyet- anything-else’. On the other hand, the concept post-communism is one of the current waves of various post-isms which define the contemporary epoch in a negative sense: post-modernism or post-modernity, post-industrialism or post-industrial society, post-capitalism, post-historicism or the end of history etc.

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The two sides of globalization

Author(s): Ivan Rogić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are two main difficulties in a discussion about globalization. The first is obvious in the tension between a demand for an applicable concept and a demand for an analytically extensive inventory of real processes that comes under the heading of globalization. The second is apparent in, it is not incorrect to say, the chaotic scientific archaeology, where patterns of thinking, which hardly conceal the needs or aims carried out in particular political or ideological programs have considerable importance. The expectation that these difficulties will be avoided in this paper is more than illusory. In addition, the demanding brevity of the paper (the organizer’s recommendation that this be limited to 5-7 pages) also needs to be taken into account. Thus, given the anticipated “genre-defining” scope of this paper it is difficult to exceed the limits of a few principal observations.

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Neo-liberal Globalization in the Clash of Civilizations

Author(s): Mislav Kukoč / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Like some other new notions and phenomena such as multiculturalism, clash of civilizations, bioethics, the term globalization has become known only quite recently. The terms “globalize” and “globalism” were coined in a treatise published sixty years ago. Although the noun “globalization” first appeared in a Webster’s Dictionary of American English in 1961, as recently as to the mid-1980s, words such as “global”, “globality”, “globalization” and “globalism”, as well as concepts of “global market” or “global ecology” were virtually unknown. Before the last decades of the twentieth century, discussions of world affairs nearly always invoked the vocabulary of “international” rather than “global” relations. Although an Americanism in the first instance, during the last two decades notions of globalization have quickly spread across dozens of other languages. The recent popularity of this new term resulted with numerous controversial definitions of globalization. In normative terms, some people have associated “globalization” with progress, prosperity and peace. For others, however, the word has conjured up deprivation, disaster and doom. No one is indifferent, but many are confused.

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Взаимодействие между институциите и неправителствения сектор за подобряване на положението на търсещите закрила и други уязвими групи чужденци. Меморандум с препоръки

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The initiative ‘Civic Organizations: a Guarantee for Equal Rights of Vulnerable Groups before the State’ encompasses four vulnerable groups: persons deprived of their liberty, victims of human trafficking and domestic violence, as well as persons in need of international protection and other vulnerable foreigners. Although very different, those communities encounter similar problems in their relations with institutions: insufficient human and financial resourcing, work practices not always meeting the needs of vulnerable groups. Thus, oftentimes those persons rely on civil society for improving their status, including through assistance before the respective competent authorities. Throughout its different stages, the initiative outlined the profile of the vulnerable groups, their relations with institutions and NGOs and promising foreign experience and practices applicable in the Bulgarian environment. A Concept for More Effective Civic Participation in the Assistance to Vulnerable Groups was developed, proposing further practical steps. The four memoranda (Co-operation between institutions and NGOs in improving the status of domestic violence victims; Co-operation between institutions and NGOs in improving the status of victims of human trafficking; Co-operation between institutions and NGOs in improving the status of persons deprived of their liberty; Co-operation between institutions and NGOs in improving the status of persons seeking international protection and other vulnerable foreigners) contain specific recommendations to institutions, working with the vulnerable groups, based on the Concept and the opinions of various state authorities and civil society representatives.

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National Study on Domestic and Gender-Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of a Victims Support Model (VSM): Legal, Institutional and Policy Analysis

Author(s): Gunn Bjørnsen,Elmira Nesheva,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

Although throughout the last decade the Bulgarian authorities have adopted a number of acts and subsidiary legislation, as well as improved the existing ones, related to domestic and gender-based violence (DGBV), the country still has a long way to go to bring its legislation and practices in full compliance with EU and Council of Europe standards. The present analysis will attempt to show that Bulgaria has a fairly comprehensive legal framework for counteracting violence, affecting disproportionately women and girls. It includes, inter alia, the Law on Protection against Domestic Violence and the Regulation for its implementation, stipulating a civil law procedure for protecting those harmed; relevant provisions in the Criminal Code, criminalising bodily injury and other forms of violence against the person, plus a provision on punishing non-compliance with a domestic violence protection order; a body of legislation for protection and (financial) assistance of victims of crime, including a dedicated law, relevant provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code. In addition, a number of policy documents guide the work of institutions in co-ordinating their efforts to combat violence and protect groups of persons harmed, especially those with multiple vulnerabilities, such as Roma women and girls.

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THE STRATEGY FOR EVALUATING THE APPLICATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION

Author(s): Iulia Staicu,Viorel ORDEANU,Mihail-Silviu Tudosie / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From the weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) the most dangerous are the biological weapons (BWs) that use living organisms, which after their dissemination, can get out of control and their effects could thus be devastating. As such, BWs were the first WMD sto be prohibited by means of law by the United Nations (UN) thus in 1972, at Geneva, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) was signed.As a result, the necessity of a coherent strategy that could evaluate the application of the BTWC at a national and international level emerged and specific mechanisms of evaluating the convention’s application were created, including at UN level. Yet, because of the contradiction between, on the one hand the need for transparency and on the other hand the need for maintenance of the military secret, these evaluation methods were not efficient.As such, some states possess or could possess own BWs, creating a potential danger for the international community.In this article we aim at presenting some elements of the strategy for evaluation of the application of the BTWC.

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GEOPOLITICS OF EUROMAIDAN: A NEW STRUGGLE FOR INFLUENCE IN PONTIC-BALTIC REGION

Author(s): Dan-Laurentiu Mocanu,Constantin Hlihor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Baltic-Pontic Sea zone can be seen not just as a geographical area of Intermarium but aswell as Intermundium or the interface of the struggle between Western and Russian powers. From the Great Game and classical geopolitics associated with Halford Mackinder’s ‘Heartland’ thesis through the Cold War and geopolitical science interpretations of global ‘shatter zones’, the place of Pontic-Baltic area has assumed and maintained a central role in the studies of international relations. The paper sets out to explain the logic of dynamic patterns shaping this struggle for geopolitical influence in this area. The analysis starts from the conclusions voiced by analysts since 2014 that the Ukrainian area could become the scene for a military confrontation with Russia. The present article also reviews the recent debates and examines the insights gained from past developments in the region.

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SPACE STRATEGIES IN THE 21st CENTURY: INITIATING “STRATEGIC PROTECTED COSMIC AREAS”. IS THE “IMMEDIATE COSMIC SPACE” AN “ASSET FOR THE ENTIRE HUMANITY”? THE NEW AMERICAN STRATEGIC CONCEPT “MOON-MARS STRATEGIC COMPLEX”

Author(s): Mădălina Virginia Antonescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In our opinion, at present, academics are not giving enough attention to a fully developing and transforming topic – the geostrategic evolutions of the so-called “near cosmic space”. Major strategic doctrines of great powers include, nevertheless, several express or implicit elements regarding this area. Our paper is proposing to identify and explore briefly,some elements of the American strategic doctrine concerning relation to cosmic space, after the Cold War epoch, to identify lines of strategic continuity and elements of novelty brought by Trump doctrine. Can we talk about initiation, within the American strategic doctrine, under Trump administration, of a very ambitious strategic concept regarding cosmic space that canbe a tri-dimensional strategic complex (Earth-Moon-Mars), within a space doctrine, where“Moon–Mars” are considered to represent two inter-connected strategically elements forming a single area? How is the American strategic doctrine relating to the extra-Earth space? Canwe talk about a strategic concept as the “near cosmic space”/ “the space close vicinity” and what would be its limits? What would be US contribution in creating a ”strategic orbital complex” to include/exclude the present international space station, and what would be the basis for re-discussion of the present international space cooperation? Can we talk about consecration of the “protected strategic cosmic areas” concept, or about the “near cosmic space as common good of the whole mankind”?

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THE CONCEPT OF SOCIETAL SECURITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON ROMANIA’S NATIONAL SOCIETAL SECURITY

Author(s): Octavian Victor Mihail Dima / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Societal security refers to how certain social phenomena or processes can generate evolutions that can constitute threats to the survival of societies. The management of such social processes with high potential for insecurity requires complete and interdisciplinary analysis using the most appropriate analytical methodologies. In this context, the main objective of this article is to outline the concerns for the assessment of societal security at European level using complexity theory and identify how they can be used to analyse the societal security of Romania. To meet this objective we will analyse the data provided by the study Europe’s Societal Challenges – An analysis of global societal trends to 2030 and their impact on the EU, done by RAND Europe and, based on its results, we will identify the impact of those trends on our country.

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The Local Welfare System – Childcare for Pre-school Children

Author(s): Martina Kampichler / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, we take a look at the development of parental leave and childcare policies in Czechoslovakia under communist rule, present the changes after 1989 in these areas as well as the current situation, with a special focus on Brno. Additionally to the policy context, the chapter presents information on the coverage of childcare services in Brno and discusses their quality, affordability, accessibility and financing. For this purpose, we draw on available statistics and literature, on key policy documents as well as on our interviews with Brno city administration representatives, relevant to the topic. Hence, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the current situation of childcare policies and services in Brno, together with their evaluation from the point of view of their potential support for women’s participation on the labour market as well as to introduce the context for the decision making of women with pre-school children living in Brno, which will be analysed in Chapter 5.

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The Local Welfare System – Elder Care

Author(s): Martina Kampichler,Miroslava Janoušková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this chapter, we examine the development of elder care policies and services in Czechoslovakia under communist rule. We present the changes after 1989 as well as the current situation in these areas, with a special focus on Brno. This chapter also presents information on the coverage of elder care services in Brno and discusses their quality, affordability, accessibility and financing. For this purpose, we draw on available statistics and literature, on key policy documents as well as on our interviews with pertinent Brno city administration representatives. This chapter aims at providing an overview of current elder care policies and services in Brno, as well as an evaluating of how they potentially influence women’s labour market participation. Hence, we will introduce the context in which women livingin Brno who have an elderly dependent make decisions regarding their work and caring responsibilities. This will be analysed in Chapter 6.

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Comparison of Health Care Results in Public Health Systems of European Countries

Author(s): Viera Pacáková,Pavla Jindrová,David Zapletal / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Health of citizens is a precondition for economic prosperity. Ensuring optimal functioning of health systems at limited financial resources of countries and regions is a difficult task. Its solution requires a lot of information that can be obtained only by appropriate analysis of data collected by authorized world, European and national institutions. About the state of public health systems there are collected and published a number of data on the regional, national, EU or OECD countries, continental and the world level. These databases can be used for comparative analyses on health status, risk factors to health, health care resources and utilization, as well as health expenditure and financing. Huge differences in health and healthcare exist between and within countries and regions. The aim of this article is to present the results of application of multivariate comparison statistical methods, regression analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis, which provide an overview of the health care status and public health systems expenditures, various causal relations and regional differences or similarities. This information is essential to the development of national and international health policies for treatment and financial budget of public health systems.

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Slovak Development Cooperation in 2019

Author(s): Daniel Kaba / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

2019 brought with it a number of new strategies, instruments and policies. Nevertheless, the old demons returned and our foreign policy and values continued to be undermined. Two main topics dominated – migration and private sector involvement in development cooperation. While migration framed both the beginning and end of the year, caused heated debates, was the reason minister Miroslav Lajčák submitted his resignation to the president (he later withdrew it) and was a politicized in the parliamentary election campaigns at the end of the year, private sector involvement has attracted less public and social media attention and been less prone to open misuse by politicians. Nonetheless both are equally important for development cooperation.

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ULOGA CENTRA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD U POSTUPKU INSTITUCIONALNOG SMJEŠTAJA DJECE BEZ RODITELJSKOG STARANJA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE I KANTONU SARAJEVO

Author(s): Meldina Demirović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Djeca spadaju u najranjivije kategorije stanovništva, budući da zbog svojih psihofizičkih osobina nisu u prilici zadovoljavati potrebe samostalno. To ih u popunosti čini ovisnima o drugim odraslim osobama. Prirodno je da prve odrasle osobe koje brinu o njihovim potrebama budu roditelji, međutim, oni nekada nisu u mogućnosti, zbog određenih objektivnih ili subjektivnih razloga, preuzeti odgovornost i brigu o djeci. Zbog toga ne postoji društvo koje je oslobođeno od preuzimanja odgovornosti za djecu, kada su roditelji spriječeni da to čine. U narednom tekstu će biti riječi o zakonodavnom okviru i institucionalnim kapacitetima i drugim alternativim oblicima brige za djecu u Kantonu Sarajevo, te profesionalnoj ulozi i procedurama.

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Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Gaziantep Sanayisine Katkıları

Author(s): Tuğba Özyıldız / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Arap Baharı, Arap coğrafyasında yaşanan reformist ve siyasal hareketleri kapsayan süreci ifade etmektedir. 2010 yılında Tunus’ta başlayan ve zamanla diğer Arap ülkelerini etkisi altına alan Arap Baharı, halkın siyasi ve ekonomik taleplerinin iktidarlar tarafından yerine getirilmemesi nedeniyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Siyasi istikrarsızlık, ülke yönetimine ilişkin yetkilerin tek bir kişide toplanması, temel hak ve özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılması, ülke kaynaklarının eşit paylaşılmaması, düşük refah seviyesi, yolsuzluk ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık gibi bir dizi faktör birçok ülkede kitlesel protestoların kısa süre içinde şiddetli çatışmalara dönüşmesine neden olmuştur (Bozkurt, 2018:58; Korotayev, Issaev, Malkov ve Shishkina, 2014:152).

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INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN GOOD GOVERNANCE INDICATORS AND WELLBEING IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Lenuta Cojocariu,Florin Oprea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Life satisfaction may be influenced or depends by a lot of factors, alike education level, health, income level, interpersonal relationships, personal and professional success, religion, and the list may continue. It is imperative to emphasize that beyond internal factors, wellbeing can be observed, measured and improved in a national context, as a result of public governance. Broadly speaking, the state governs the directions of development and welfare by setting legislative framework, enacting policies, by its institutions, offering to the society certain economic, social, political, cultural characteristics, etc., context in which people's lives take place.By this study, we analyse the correlation between good governance indicators and some relevant indicators describing and measuring wellbeing of citizens, with the purpose of emphasizing and prioritizing the role of good governance principles in influencing the wellbeing in societies. Correlation analyses generally cover the period 2000-2020, based on the available data collected from World Bank, Eurostat, Human Development Reports and World Happiness Reports databases. Being useful for public decision makers and other specialist in the field, our results show strong positive and statistically significant interconnections between almost all world governance indicators and GDP per capita, Human Development Index and Happiness Index, validating simple and general principles of governance for conditioning the happiness for dynamic and permanent changing civilizations.

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European Union and Welfare Economics – Reasoned Through Some Papers of Sir Angus Deaton

Author(s): Atanas I. Vladikov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this report, a comparison is made between the classical paradigm of welfare economics and its application in the European Union, based on the understanding of the Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences – Sir Angus Deaton. The report discusses the challenges facing the institutional establishment of the EU, positioned on the principles of federalism without the EU being a federal state. In practice, the „fiscal federalism” for building the US welfare economy is currently not possible to be implemented by and through the institutions of EU without changing the two main treaties – the Treaty on EU /TEU/ and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU /TFEU/.

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Rozvojový rozměr české zahraniční politiky: Nástroj zahraniční politiky, nebo snižování globální chudoby?

Author(s): Ondřej Horký / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Kapitolu věnovanou české rozvojové spolupráci v roce 2007 uzavřelo konstatování, že další transformace zahraniční rozvojové spolupráce (ZRS) se podobně jako v dřívějších letech neobejde bez politické vůle. Doplnil ji předpoklad, že rok následující ukáže, zda bude Česká republika klást důraz na snižování chudoby v rozvojovém světě, nebo zda bude využívat rozvojové pomoci jako nástroje zahraniční politiky k dosažení dalších cílů.

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Обезщетение от осигурителя за първите три дни от временната неработоспособност

Author(s): Rayna Koycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report analyzes the provision of Art. 40, para. 5 of the Social Security Code, according to which the insurer owes the insured person compensation for the first three days of temporary inability to work instead of the social security body. An attempt has been made to answer some questions that cause difficulties in practice, such as whether insurance contributions are due on this payment and whether persons who do not have the legally required insurance experience are entitled to such payment. The author concludes that the compensation owed by the insurer should be dropped, since apart from the contradictory interpretations and difficulties in practice that the considered provision gives rise to, it is unfair in its essence and contradicts the philosophy of social security law.

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Inflation and Defined Contribution Pension Schemes in Central and Eastern European (CEE) Countries

Author(s): Jeko Milev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Pension systems in most of the CEE countries were significantly reformed at the beginning of 21st century. The introduction of fully funded components in addition to the traditional pay-as-you-go ones marked the beginning of a completely new age in the development of the pension systems in the region. The basic goal of the current paper is to research the investment performance of the defined contribution pension schemes in several CEE countries – Estonia, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria. The thesis defended throughout the article is that conservative types of investment portfolios for long term investors such as pension funds are not appropriate especially under scenario of significant inflation rate. The results of the research show that those countries where pension fund managers were allowed to structure portfolios with different risk profile have much higher chance to protect the savings of insured individuals in real terms in prolong period.

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