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The U.S. Fight against Coronavirus

Author(s): Mateusz Piotrowski,Marek Wąsiński / Language(s): English

The coronavirus outbreak is spreading throughout the United States. After its initial underestimation of the threat, the Trump administration has acted to fight against the pandemic, including the introduction of a national emergency. The effectiveness of these actions will be an important factor in whether Trump is re-elected. The limits on social life despite the enormous financial support from the government and the Federal Reserve have dramatically slowed the economy, heading into a recession. Public debt will increase much more rapidly, which may force budget cuts in the coming years.

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Stany Zjednoczone w walce z epidemią COVID-19

Author(s): Mateusz Piotrowski,Marek Wąsiński / Language(s): Polish

Epidemia COVID-19 rozprzestrzeniła się na terenie całych Stanów Zjednoczonych. Po początkowym bagatelizowaniu zagrożenia administracja Donalda Trumpa podjęła walkę z epidemią, m.in. wprowadziła stan wyjątkowy. Skuteczność tych działań istotnie wpłynie na starania Trumpa o reelekcję. Ograniczenie życia społecznego, pomimo ogromnego wsparcia administracji oraz Rezerwy Federalnej, dramatycznie zahamuje gospodarkę i doprowadzi ją do recesji. Wzrośnie też dług publiczny, co wymusi cięcia budżetowe w kolejnych latach.

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Finansowa „tarcza” przeciw COVID-19 – działania Niemiec w obliczu kryzysu gospodarczego

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): Polish

Pandemia COVID-19 niesie ze sobą ryzyko załamania gospodarczego w Niemczech. Rząd postanowił je zminimalizować, ogłaszając program wsparcia płynnościowego dla firm i ochrony zatrudnienia. Zwiększa on szanse na łagodniejszy przebieg kryzysu i szybsze odbicie w drugiej połowie roku. Decyzje rządu Angeli Merkel otwierają przy okazji trudną dyskusję o konieczności wspólnych działań fiskalnych w strefie euro.

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EU Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic

Author(s): Melchior Szczepanik,Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

Differences in Member States’ approach to the coronavirus pandemic have led to misunderstandings between them, making it more difficult to counteract the spread of the disease in Europe. Although the Union’s competences in public health are limited, EU institutions are supporting the Member States in the fight against the pandemic and encouraging greater coordination. The need to deal with the pandemic will not only affect the European Commission’s work but it will also have an impact on the shape of the multiannual budget for 2021–2027, the development of EU sectoral policies, as well as the schedule of the Conference on the Future of the EU.

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Reakcja Unii Europejskiej na epidemię koronawirusa

Author(s): Melchior Szczepanik,Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): Polish

Różnice w podejściu państw członkowskich do COVID-19 doprowadziły do nieporozumień między nimi, utrudniając przeciwdziałanie rozprzestrzenianiu się choroby w Europie. Choć kompetencje UE w zakresie zdrowia publicznego są ograniczone, unijne instytucje podjęły działania, by wesprzeć państwa w walce z pandemią i zachęcić je do lepszej koordynacji. Konieczność sprostania pandemii nie tylko wymusi modyfikację programu Komisji, ale też wpłynie na kształt wieloletniego budżetu na lata 2021–2027, rozwój polityk sektorowych oraz przebieg konferencji o przyszłości UE.

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Czechs on the Leading Edge in Dealing with COVID-19

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): English

Czechia has become a pioneer twice over in the fight against COVID-19 in the EU. It was among the first European countries to introduce restrictions and one of the first to lift them. Incidence remains the highest among the Visegrad Group countries, however the Czechs have quickly flattened the disease curve. This contributed to the decision to end the state of emergency on 17 May. Problems with extending the emergency period have exposed the limits of the minority government. The current fiscal policy of Prime Minister Andrej Babiš indicates his fears about the political consequences of the coming economic recession.

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Czeska awangarda – sposoby radzenia sobie z epidemią COVID-19

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): Polish

Czechy stały się podwójnym pionierem w walce z pandemią COVID-19 w UE. Są bowiem w gronie pierwszych państw europejskich, które wprowadziły obostrzenia, oraz tych, które zaczęły je znosić. Skala zachorowań pozostaje tam największa w Grupie Wyszehradzkiej, jednak szybko udało się spłaszczyć ich krzywą. Przyczyniło się to do decyzji, by 17 maja zakończyć stan wyjątkowy. Problemy z jego przedłużeniem obnażyły limity funkcjonowania rządu mniejszościowego, a bieżąca polityka fiskalna gabinetu premiera Andreja Babiša wskazuje na jego obawy o polityczne skutki nadchodzącej recesji gospodarczej.

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Israel and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Michał Wojnarowicz / Language(s): English

Israel took early preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic that contributed to low infection and mortality rates. This allowed lifting the restrictions and restarting the economy at the end of April. The cooperation undertaken with the Palestinian Authority helped limit the spread of COVID-19 across the Palestinian territories. The successful fight against the spread of the coronavirus in Israel has strengthened Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, but the newly earned support may be halted by the impending economic slowdown.

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Revision of British Policy on Halting COVID-19

Author(s): Przemysław Biskup / Language(s): English

The policy of the United Kingdom government regarding the threat of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) initially focused on protecting the economy and shortening the course of the pandemic in Britain at the price of a high spread rate. By mid-March, however, there was a fundamental revision of the strategy and the introduction of obligatory social distancing. It resulted from the risk of overwhelming the National Health Service (NHS). In late March, members of the government also became infected. The election of a new Labour Party leader, the scale of the pandemic, and high mortality rate from coronavirus infections herald a dispute over the strategy and future economic policy.

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Zwrot w brytyjskiej polityce zwalczania pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Przemysław Biskup / Language(s): Polish

Polityka brytyjskiego rządu wobec zagrożenia wirusem SARS-CoV-2 początkowo skupiała się na ochronie obrotu gospodarczego i skracaniu przebiegu epidemii za cenę pogodzenia się z wysoką dynamiką zachorowań. W połowie marca nastąpiła jednak zasadnicza rewizja strategii na rzecz obowiązkowego dystansowania społecznego. Wynikała ona z ryzyka systemowego przeciążenia publicznej służby zdrowia (NHS). W kolejnych dniach doszło też do zarażeń członków rządu. Wybór nowego lidera Partii Pracy, skala zachorowań i wysoki wskaźnik śmiertelności zapowiadają spór o strategię zakończenia obecnych restrykcji i nową politykę gospodarczą.

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The Government Gains: The German Political Scene during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Lidia Gibadło / Language(s): English

The actions taken by the German government in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic have resulted in growing public support. It has been strengthened by the image of Angela Merkel as a leader experienced in combating previous crises, as well as support from the opposition. A stable political situation in Germany is important from the perspective of the forthcoming German presidency of the EU Council, which will focus on organising medical assistance for the Member States most affected by the pandemic and creating a plan for the economic recovery of the EU.

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Rząd zyskuje – scena polityczna RFN w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Lidia Gibadło / Language(s): Polish

W związku z działaniami podjętymi w walce z pandemią COVID-19 rośnie poparcie społeczne dla rządu RFN. Przyczyniają się do tego wizerunek Angeli Merkel jako liderki doświadczonej w walce z poprzednimi kryzysami oraz wsparcie ze strony opozycji. Stabilna sytuacja polityczna w Niemczech jest istotna ze względu na ich zbliżającą się prezydencję w Radzie UE. Podczas swojej prezydencji RFN skupi się na organizacji pomocy medycznej dla państw członkowskich najbardziej dotkniętych pandemią i na stworzeniu planu odbudowy gospodarczej Unii.

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Spain’s Fight against the Coronavirus

Author(s): Maciej Pawłowski / Language(s): English

The coronavirus pandemic has led the Spanish economy back into recession. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has launched a national rescue plan and is calling on the EU to establish a “Marshall Plan” for the eurozone. His concept of combined state and European intervention is aimed at lessening the scale of the economic crisis. Spain’s actions increase the pressure on the other EU Member States to back an economic stimulus plan for the eurozone.

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Hiszpania wobec pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Maciej Pawłowski / Language(s): Polish

W wyniku pandemii COVID-19 gospodarka Hiszpanii wchodzi w fazę recesji. Z tego względu premier Pedro Sánchez wezwał UE do stworzenia „planu Marshalla dla strefy euro” i opracował krajowy plan ratunkowy. Postulowana przez niego interwencja państwa i UE w gospodarkę stwarza szansę na zmniejszenie skali kryzysu gospodarczego. Jednocześnie stanowisko Hiszpanii zwiększa presję na państwa niechętne rozwiązaniom stymulacyjnym w ramach strefy euro.

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Evolution of EU Travel Rules During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

The new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of the vaccination process in the EU are changing the rules of travel within the territory of the Community. New guidelines on this matter adopted by the Council of the EU in January focus not so much on the country of departure of the traveller as on his/her personal health situation. This more individualised approach is to make it possible to dispense with additional ad hoc travel restrictions imposed by Member States. At the same time, it promotes vaccination, recognising it as essential in fighting the pandemic.

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Involvement of EU Agencies in Helping Countries That Are Receiving Refugees from Ukraine

Author(s): Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

EU support for Member States most affected by the war in Ukraine includes funding for reception measures and ensuring refugees have access to protection throughout the Community, as well as coordination and operational assistance from EU agencies. The offer of agency resources extends to humanitarian aid, border management, and capacity-building of the Member States. Exploring the full potential of the EU agencies will require overcoming their internal problems and the will of the Member States to involve them in such cooperation,

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Taliban Tightening Grip on Afghanistan One Year after Taking Power

Author(s): Patryk Kugiel / Language(s): English

Since the seizure of Kabul on 15 August 2021, the Taliban have been consolidating power by recreating the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan of the 1990s. The Taliban government’s limiting of human rights, especially of women, and constant ties to terrorist organisations reduce the chances of international recognition. Afghanistan has not yet become a centre of global terrorism or a source of mass migration, but the suspension of economic support has deepened the humanitarian crisis. Western partners, including the EU and the U.S., should pursue humanitarian aid and consider unfreezing Afghan currency reserves.

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Ukrainians Plan for Post-War Reconstruction

Author(s): Maria Piechowska / Language(s): English

Despite the ongoing military operations, Ukraine is already preparing for reconstruction. The concept it presented in Lugano, Switzerland, in July this year envisages not only the rebuilding of damaged facilities but also a comprehensive transformation of the state and economy. So far, it has not been possible to secure sufficient funding, and it also will be a challenge to coordinate such a wide-ranging undertaking. Early planning of reconstruction activities increases the chances of its success and boosts Ukrainian morale. It also allows Ukraine's partners, including Poland, to be better prepared to take part in the reconstruction.

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The Israeli Political Scene and the Next Parliamentary Elections

Author(s): Michał Wojnarowicz / Language(s): English

The continuing crisis in government has led to the dissolution of the Knesset and early parliamentary elections in Israel, the fourth in the last two years. Polls do not reveal any possible coalition variants, which increases the possibility for further elections in autumn. This scenario favours Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose position is strengthened by the effective vaccination campaign against COVID-19 and the normalisation of relations with Gulf states.

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Vaccine Passports and Freedom of Movement in the EU

Author(s): Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

Together with the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination process in the European Union, the preparations of a common Community-wide immunity certificate began. The guidelines adopted at the end of January cover the medical requirements for this health certificate, however, many countries would like to extend their use for travel within the EU/Schengen area. This could contribute to the revival of tourism in Europe, although it is difficult to implement without affecting the freedom of movement.

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