Wyznaczanie szerokości przedziałów dochodowych w dekompozycji współczynnika redystrybucji

Author(s): Edyta Mazurek / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2009

Progressive nature, characterizing most of contemporary income tax systems in developed countries, suggests that tax system is seen as an important instrument of income redistribution. This form of redistribution is, however, one of the most controversial. The first problem is social acceptance: the common consciousness of differences in tax duties sometimes results in sense of unfairness. The second – and more technical – argument against progressive taxation is low efficiency of income redistribution done in this way.

UNGARN

Author(s): György Göndör / Language(s): German Issue: 04/1981

Letter of György Göndör to the members of the OSCE conference

Emeklilik Yatırım Fonlarının Performanslarının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği

Author(s): Mehmet Sinan ÇELİK,Seçkin Arslan,Omer Iskenderoglu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

Purpose – This study aimed to analyze the funds evaluated in the private pension system with performance measurement models. Design/methodology/approach – Sharpe Ratio where risk is expressed as standard deviation, Treynor Ratio and Jensen Criterion based on systematic risk (beta) as well as performance criterion were used. In the performance evaluation of stock pension mutual funds, BIST-100 index, which is accepted as market index, is used as a benchmark. Findings – The obtained results of the study show that 16 out of 19 analyzed stock pension mutual funds outperformed the returns of BIST-100. The remaining 3 stock pension mutual funds did not perform successfully as they had lower returns than of the BIST-100 yield. When the results obtained were examined, similar results were reached in all performance measurement models. In other words, performance measurement models based on systematic risk or total risk did not change performance results.

Etyka policyjna w państwach europejskich

Author(s): Andrzej Hańderek,Anna Ibek / Language(s): Polish Issue: Nr spec./2008

The authors seek to answer the following questions: Does the Police need ethics? Is ethics not counter effective in the activities of the Police? Is there a relationship between how ethical the Police is, and how the society trusts it? The authors refer to the experience of the Police in Europe, and in Germany and France in particular. They present the historical and contemporary ethical context of the activity of the Police in these two countries, outlining the events that led to the adoption of the documents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. The authors believe however that these documents are not the last stage in the debate on moral standards in European police institutions.

Bezdomność jako kwestia społeczna.

Author(s): Stanisław Szumpich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2007

The role of the uniformed public services in the public security system

Author(s): Natalia Sienko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The goal of this paper is to emphasise the role of the Uniformed Public Services, which specialise in maintaining security and public order. An important part of the paper is made up of the analysis of a variety of separate areas – such as military, paramilitary, and civilian – whose coexistence favours the correct integration of these groups into the public security system. In light of the above, the it has been acknowledged that the desirable methodological approach to apply in the paper is a systems approach to security, understood as the exploration of system and environment boundaries, the analysis of system coordination, and the interdependence of elements or subsystems. All these approaches allow to explicate a highly complex system

Akční plán by měl praze pomoci řešit problematiku bezdomovectví

Author(s): Miroslav Šmíd / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2008

K řešení problematiky bezdomovectví v Praze by měl přispět Akční plán, který se zabývá zejména prevencí a pomocí těmto lidem k návratu do běžného života. „Při tvorbě tohoto dokumentu jsme vycházeli ze zahraničních zkušeností, zejména Rakouska, Německa, Francie a Kanady. Zabudovali jsme do něj i stávající a již fungující zařízení, programy a projekty, jako například zavedení jednotné evidence bezdomovců. Domnívám se, že se podařilo Akčním plánem vytvořit kostru postupu k účinnému řešení problematiky bezdomovectví v Praze,“ popisoval radní pro sociální oblast Jiří Janeček, který chce tento dokument předložit ke schválení nejdříve sociálnímu výboru a poté Radě hlavního města Prahy.

Conceptualization and Practical Dimensions of Social Welfare: Fundamental Perspectives and New Challenges

Author(s): Stylianos Ioannis Tzagkarakis / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2023

Social welfare is a vital aspect of modern democracies, encompassing development, ideas, and public policy implementation. This study focuses on the theoretical foundations and practical dimensions of social welfare, aiming to understand its conceptual background and address contemporary challenges. Analyzing the relationship between social welfare and the concept of “need,” the study highlights the role of welfare policies in meeting essential requirements. It further explores the connection between social welfare, poverty, and social exclusion, emphasizing the need to combat marginalization through effective policies. The study delves into the interdependence of social welfare with economic development and growth, emphasizing their mutual reliance. It also examines the link between social welfare and social rights, advocating the combination of universal and selective policies to achieve welfare for all. Moreover, the study addresses emerging challenges such as digitization, robotization, and the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the importance of social investment and active policy implementation to adapt to new circumstances. The aim is to strike a balance between theoretical foundations, philosophical relationships, and practical solutions, ensuring that fundamental values are upheld while addressing contemporary needs. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of social welfare by bridging theoreticalparameters with practical policies. It underscores the importance of implementing relevant social policies to achieve social welfare and emphasizes the need to adapt social policies to evolving challenges.

Safety of participants of a mass event on the example of a selected festival

Author(s): Dariusz Maciejewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The main purpose of the article is to present the tasks and the role of the leading service during the preparation and then the implementation of securing a mass artistic and entertainment event. The subject of consideration is the safety of the participants of the Pol’and’Rock music festival, which took place in the Lubuskie Voivodeship, on the territory of the Republic of Poland. Particularly assessed was the process from the submission of documentation by the festival organizer up to the solutions adopted by the leading service in terms of ensuring the safety of participants in connection with the emerging new threats, in the form of the development of new technologies. The identified threats include, among others, the dynamically developing market of unmanned aerial vehicles and new methods of operation of the perpetrators of terrorist attacks. The time frame covers the period from 1997 to 2019. In the article it was attempted to answer the question being the main research problem: does the leading entity fulfill statutory obligations arising from the content of applicable normative acts in the field of ensuring the safety of its participants during a mass event? The methods used in the study are the theoretical method (analysis method and inference methods) and the practical method (comparative method). Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.

Międzynarodowy wymiar polskiego ratownictwa

Author(s): Łukasz Szewczyk,Bogdan Tworkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The article presents international security structures within the framework of which it is possible to dispose of Polish rescue resources outside Poland. The authors focused mainly on three major international organizations, where appropriate structures, mechanisms or groups have been created for this purpose, i.e. – the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). These organizations also have their own coordination centers operating on a 24-hour basis, which makes these activities coordinated and supervised. This article also presents the legal basis on which the above-mentioned structures are established. In addition, examples are presented of rescue fields in the area of which the created rescue entities function according to specific schemes, determined by international conventions, guidelines, etc., referring here mainly to marine and air rescue.

POLICYJNE ZARZĄDZANIE BEZPIECZEŃSTWEM NAD WODĄ NA PRZYKŁADZIE FUNKCJONOWANIA KOMENDY MIEJSKIEJ POLICJI W KALISZU

Author(s): Zofia Marciniak,Paweł Wilkaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

By providing a general definition of safety, an attempt has been made to show the aspect of the multidimensionality of the tasks of the Polish water police. The aim of the article is to present the assumptions, to indicate the method of disbanding the Police and initially establishing the Municipal Police Headquarters in Kalisz. Shaping and concurrently maintaining a proper state of safety by the state autho- rities obliges to put the bodies involved to the highest level of efficiency. The water police, being one of the pillars of the uniformed services, play a key role in ensuring safety in water areas. The article outlines the tasks and challenges the water police face in their daily service, more specifically: the supervision of navigation – by controlling and regulating the movement of vessels on rivers, lakes and seas, fighting maritime crime – smuggling and theft, which requires coordinated action with other services, also at the international level, specialised skills and challenges – the ability to swim, knowledge of the law, operation of equipment and conducting rescue operations often in adverse weather conditions. The effectiveness of the tasks performed by the Polish water police depends on a properly functioning system of selection of candidates for service together with their specialist professional training. The article presents the most important organisational issues concerning this form of police service, staffing – personnel, tasks, equip- ment and legal regulations. It is also emphasised that water police work is demanding and associated with occupational risks, which are influenced by illegal fishing or maritime disasters. Another important factor is climate change, which affects weather conditions on the waters, which can result in an increased risk of maritime incidents. This makes it necessary for officers to have a high degree of flexibility and readiness to react quickly in a variety of situations. The following question was taken as the main research problem. The responsible research problem is: what safety management methods are used by Water Police officers on the example of the Municipal Police Headquarters in Kalisz?

Niemieckie reparacje wojenne za II wojnę światową (polskie kontrowersje)

Author(s): Lech Wyszczelski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

German war reparations were imposed arbitrarily by the victorious powers, because no peace conference was convened. They were estimated at $20 million at the 1938 exchange rate, half of which went to the USSR (the Polish People’s Republic was to receive 15% of its pool). In addition, they were imported by the great powers themselves. Western powers abandoned their importation in the late 1940s, and the USSR, including the Polish People’s Republic, abandoned it in 1953. Both the Federal Republic of Germany and the four superpowers signed the so-called the two plus four agreement in 1990 considered the end of World War II. Po- land received only part of the reparations due to it as part of Russian reparations. And so far, financial compensation from the Federal Republic of Germany has not satisfied her. During the PiS government, President Jarosław Kaczyński considered demands for such reparations to be a political issue aimed at weakening the international position of Ger- many, including the EU, and for his own election campaigns.

Change Readiness and Positive Orientation in Professional Helpers in the Polish Welfare System during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Marta Czechowska-Bieluga,Patrycja Zielińska,Renata Krawczyk,Barbara Sordyl-Lipnicka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a crisis situation, which means that the lives of persons experiencing it will never be the same as before. Professional helpers are faced with numerous challenges related to the change in their work flow, the need to modify strategies, work methods and tools, or to the switch from on-site to remote work. In this context, professional helpers’ resources are of considerable importance, as they constitute an important part of the welfare system. The analysis of the results of previous studies suggests that social workers’ change readiness and positive orientation not only may increase their professional effectiveness, but may even foster better quality of life. The present study investigated positive orientation and change readiness, as important predictors of professional functioning of persons in the sample group. The questionnaires were distributed among 189 professional helpers working in the Polish welfare system. The response rate was 98% (the final sample consisted of 185 persons) The results show that most subjects are characterized by the below-optimal levels of all the analyzed traits of the change readiness, but high and medium levels of positive orientation. The groups differed from one another in terms of adaptability (difference close to statistically significant). Change readiness and positive orientation may constitute important resources for professional helpers. Long service, being married, and a low level of change-readiness revealed in the presented study, may indicate that change-readiness is a general tendency in specific individuals, and is not dependent on the nature of changes themselves. The results may prompt a search for relations between personality factors and change readiness.

POLICE BRUTALITY AND CITIZENS REVOLUTION. A CASE STUDY OF ENDSARS

Author(s): Ebele Angela Udeoji,Praise God Nnodim Elekwa / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Police brutality in Nigeria assumed monstrous dimensions and indeed remained the greatest threat to the youths and the survival of the nation. The government has not been seen to do much to resolve these problems and has made citizens who are inflicted with constant violence to begin to revolt. This paper examines the impact of police brutality on the peace and progress of Nigeria. It argues that low remuneration for police officers, indiscipline of police officers, corrupt political and judicial system from top to bottom, citizens nonchalance or foolishness, the fact that perpetrators do not get punish but get away free, greed of officers, psychological problems and undefined limits of their power are reasons why these actions strive. The paper extracted some basic proposition of the political participation theory as our theoretical framework of analysis. It employed secondary sources of data collections, which entails the use of materials from secondary sources. The method of analysis is descriptive, qualitative and prescriptive. The paper found out that the inability of government and her agencies to adopt preventive strategies that will focus more on promoting professionalism within the police and citizen friendly attitude are the root course of the challenges. We therefore recommend preventive and proactive approach as opposed to brutality, reactiveness, negligence and fire-brigade response to issues arising between the police and the citizenry

Multi-level Assistance Activities of the State Fire Service and the Local Community of Warsaw as a Humanitarian Assistance Process, Taking into Account the Mental Health of Volunteers: A Case Study from Poland

Author(s): Barbara Szykuła-Piec,Izabella Grabowska-Lepczak,Dominik Duralski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The research goal of the article was to show the process of providing aid by indicating the multilevel activities of the State Fire Service and Polish society during the military aggression of Russia in Ukraine. The paper analyzes the descriptions of selected aid events carried out by the local community and the officers of the State Fire Service. The analysis covered the period of February to August 2022. Theoretical methods that have been used are analysis – obtaining research material contained in the literature on the subject; synthesis – appropriate matching and integration of research material; comparison – constructing conclusions and final conclusions, generalizing, drawing conclusions. Empirical methods are the case study method and observation, and are selected in the work as a research method that allows for a broad description of a given phenomenon (providing assistance to refugees), its in-depth analysis and evaluation.

SOCIAL WELFARE: INSIGHTS FROM THE AUSTRIAN SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

Author(s): Stanislav Percic / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2013

When looking back in the last decades, one can notice the assertion of the state as the main provider of the social welfare. The state proclaimed itself as the “welfare state” and assumed all the responsibilities for ensuring the welfare of its society. The economic and social situation (stressed and unstable in current times), combined with limited resource availability and aggressive state policies, have once again highlighted the importance of understanding the meaning of social welfare. This study aims at emphasizing some important aspects regarding social welfare in light of the Austrian School of Economics perspective. We dare to think outside the box and propose this theoretical foray as a cornerstone for rethinking the meaning of social welfare and the role of the state in ensuring the welfare for its members within the society.

Wpływ skrajnej prawicy na pracę socjalną w Mecklenburgi- Zachodniopomorskiej. Radzenie sobie z zagrażającą normalnością

Author(s): Christoph Gille,Christine Krüger,Júlia Wéber / Language(s): Polish Issue: I/2023

An explorative study in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania investigated the question of whether and how right-wing extremism has an influence on social work. After an introductionto the topic, a brief outline of the regional context and the methodological procedure of thestudy, overall results are presented and central categories are described in detail. The resultsshow that influences can be found across all fields of social work in the federal state studied. The results point to the need to make right-wing extremist influences visible and to findinstitutional responses to effectively counter the attacks.

WPŁYW RESOCJALIZACJI NA BEZPIECZEŃSTWO WEWNĘTRZNE W POLSCE

Author(s): Karolina Łada / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2023

The aim of the work is to present the impact of rehabilitation on internal secu-rity in Poland. The article focuses on those returning to prison, what crimes they commit most often, in what age range they commit them most often,and what the scale of the return to crime looks like. The important contentincludes the last section, which presents the withdrawal from crime, focuseson actions that affect the final transformation of prisoners. Refraining fromcommitting torts increases the sense of security among citizens and thus con-tributes to greater security for the country. The work was written on the basisof legal acts, book sources, articles from collective works, the website of thePrison Service and prison service statistics.

THE PREVENTION AND RESOLUTION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR DISPUTES: INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES AND THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN

Author(s): Nurgul Karagoishina / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In today’s globalized world, social and labor disputes have become a significant concern for individuals and organizations. This paper aims to explore the prevention and resolution of such conflicts, focusing on both international practices and the specific experience of Kazakhstan. By examining the literature, research methodology, and analytical reports, we will gain insights into effective strategies and approaches to addressing social and labor conflicts. This article is optimized for SEO and provides valuable information for individuals, organizations, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of social and labor disputes. International experience is a valuable source of knowledge and practice for improving government regulation and conflict-prevention mechanisms. The article examines strategic documents and economic indicators based on qualitative research by OECD countries on the prevention of the adverse consequences of social conflicts. The study examines a number strategic documents and programs for conflict prevention and resolution.

Schronisko fundacji księcia Aleksandra Lubomirskiego dla chłopców jako przykład usługi społecznej realizowanej w Krakowie w XIX w

Author(s): Iryna Manczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

In Kraków in the 19th century, philanthropic activity took various forms and concerned selected socio -economic areas. A manifestation of this was the establishment of foundations dedicated to educa-tional activities which often focused on implementing selected social services and supporting the poor. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the activities of the Shelter Aleksander Lubomirski Foundation for Boys as an example of a social service provided in Kraków in the 19th century. Within the adopted research framework, attention has been paid to the essence of philanthropic activity and its role in the historical period analysed. Attention is also given to social services and the role of social economy entities in providing them. Following this, the founder’s profile is outlined. The main body of the work is a presentation of the issues surrounding the Aleksander Lubomirski Foundation’s bequests to establish a boys’ hostel. Based on this discussion, the author has responded to the research questions