Evropská identita v postojích gruzínské společnosti a zahraničně politické orientaci země

Author(s): Jakub Kašpar,Tomáš Hoch / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

This paper analyses Georgian national identity from the position of liberal and constructivistapproaches to international relations theory. Based on this theoretical framework, the aim ofthis text is to contribute to our understanding of how the European vector of Georgian national identity is constructed and how it impacts upon the pro-Western discourse of Georgian foreign policy. The research was conducted through an analysis of the academic literature supplemented by public opinion surveys in Georgia and the interviews with a Georgian academics and members of civil society, carried out in June and July 2015.

Internal migration and socio-economic change in Laos

Author(s): Kabmanivanh Phouxay,Gunnar Malmberg,Aina Tollefsen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

This study analyzes how the migration pattern in Laos is influenced by the regionally differentiated modernization process, socioeconomic change, international migration and resettlement, by using census data from 1995 and 2005.Though Laos has experienced a rather dramatic socio-economic change duringthis period the inter-district and inter-province migration rate has decreased.But the empirical analyses show an increasing rural-urban migrationand indicate a strong impact on migration from socio-economic changes. But internal migration patterns are also influenced by international migration patterns and resettlement of rural populations. Although socio-economic changes are major determinants to migration, also regional policies and opportunities for international migration are key factors influencing migration in developing countries.

POST-SOVIET BELARUS: THE TRANSFORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

Author(s): Larissa Grigoryevna Titarenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The paper deals with the formation of a new national identity in Belarus under conditions of post-Soviet transformation. Under the term of “national identity” the author means the identity of the population of the Republic of Belarus that will be adequate to its status of a newly independent state acquired after 1991. Special attention is paid to the existing major research approaches to the problem of constructing this national identity. According to the author’s view, both major approaches are inadequate; the author puts forward a new (third) approach that goes beyond discussions on language and national culture, and corresponds to the concept of plurality of identities. The author describes some paradoxes of national identity based on the oppositionof “nation” and “people”. These correspond to the Western model of the“creation of modern nations”, which is not fully applicable to post-Soviet Belarus. All attempts to apply this model to contemporary Belarus lead scholars to several “cultural paradoxes” that can, however, be explained within a new approach.

Ukraińska lekcja 2014 Czy możliwy jest powrót do koncepcji „Międzymorza”?

Author(s): Zbigniew Girzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

To 1654 Ukrainians were creating one country with Polish-Lithuanian Com-monwealth, but at the same time they were feeling as a second class citizens. For this reason in XVII century with the help of neighbouring Tsardom of Russia they’ve started the uprising and detached themselves from Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without creating new country. Instead according to the council of Pereyaslav from 1654 they choosed to be under rule of the Tsardom of Rus-sia. After the mentioned council Republic of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth become weakend to the benefit of Tsardom of Russia. From this moment on Pol-ish–Lithuanian Commonwealth have been in decline to the point when in XVIII century they lost their independance. After the First World War when Poland re-gained freedom under Józef Piłsudski an attempt was made to create an alliance of independent countries lead by Poland as reaction to the Russian imperialism. The alliance called “Intermarium” included: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belaruse as well as Finland and Romania. To make the idea succesful Ukraine needed to be created but the idea failed to succeed. Instead independent Ukraine was created after the dissolution of Soviet Union even so Ukraine was still un-der immense influence of Russia. In 2014 Russia annexed during the war with Ukraine part of it – Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Till then Russia is trying to detach eastern provinces Ukraine. It is obvious that diplomatic relations be-tween Russia and Ukraine became frozen. For this reason Poland and Ukrainemay have opportunity to ally with other countries from region to stand against russian imperialism.

Problems of the Development of the Environmental Policy and Law in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Author(s): D.L. Baideldinov,I.K. Kuderin,A.D. Izbasarova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

The Origins of Diaspora Consciousness in the Hungarian American Experience

Author(s): András Ludányi / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2014

The major challenge now is to integrate the „kiszivárgók” („seepage Hungarians”) who have left Hungary since 1989. Kovalszki aptly designated them in this category, because of their gradual drain, or oozing dispersal throughout the world (i.e., seeping/oozing out of the 20th century wounds of the Hungarian nation). However, these „seepage Hungarians” now constitute an important part of the diaspora population. As László Hámos points out in his essay „Gyarapodó nemzetrész” (A Growing Community): According to the U.S. Census Bureau they have increased by 138,481 from 1,398,724 Hungarian ancestry inhabitants of the USA in 2000 to 1,537,205 in 2012.35 The diaspora activism of the Orbán government addresses this seepage crisis as well, and not one moment too soon!

Vergi gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi Türkiye örneği (1976-2016)

Author(s): Menşure Kolçak,Taha Arpa / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2017

The contribution of tax revenues on growth has been strongly emphasized in terms of developing countries. Developing countries such as Turkey consider the tax as an important tool in terms of economy. When considering the importance of taxation for growth, Research will be conducted on taxes will be important for countries like Turkey. This study was prepared in accordance with this importance. The study was prepared to cover the period between 1975 and 2016 and the ARDL method was used to determine the relationship between the variables. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a relationship between growth and tax revenues both short and long term, and each of the tax revenues have a different effect on growth. It has been observed that indirect tax and growth variables are moving in the same direction. While direct tax and wealth tax are observed to move in opposite direction. On the other hand, the relationship between indirect taxation, direct taxation and growth is significant while the relationship between wealth taxation and growth is meaningless.

CZECH LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Author(s): Milan Kubiatko,Muhammet Usak,Alfiya R. Masalimova / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2016

The developing countries are hiding potential risk in many considerations (e.g. migration). The study is focused on the lower secondary school pupils’ knowledge about developing ountries. Costs and benefits associated with the problematic of the study are in the presentation of pupils’ knowledge about developing countries. It provides not only identification of countries on the map, but also the real problems of developing countries. The partial aims were to examine the influence of gender, residence, grade level and attitudes to geography on the knowledge about developing countries. The sample size consisted of 158 Czech lower secondary school pupils. The data were evaluated by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that only the grade level influenced the knowledge level, the gender a residence had not got an influence on knowledge. The correlation between knowledge and attitudes was slightly positive and significant. The results are discussed and in the conclusion part are suggestions for further research and implications into pedagogical practice.

Heraldički dekor u službi vladarske ideologije na fasadama Starog dvora

Author(s): Marija Pokrajac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2015

Architecture as creative art par excellence has continuously provided its authors an opportunity to materialize theirs ideas. Very often, authors idea was visible only on sketches, while the final product was result of various political and ideological machinations and combinations, primarily by patrons. Such was the case with Old Palace building whose façade, like an open book, through heraldic decoration, suggested the importance of King Milan Obrenovic and his new Kingdom. Through identification with heroic past of Serbian people, King Milan incorporated his idea into the projects of a European educated architect, Alexander Bugarski. On the facades of Old Palace, these ideas were materialized in the best possible way, through recognizable symbolic which has a foothold in the Serbian heraldry and which confirms the legitimacy of new proclaimed King and Kingdom through the establishment of the unbreakable bond with the medieval Serbian tradition. It should be emphasized that this process of identification has always been present in the Serbian architecture, primarily when it comes to residential buildings, because they were the best picture of simultaneity of what is considered as originally national characteristics and what is a European trend.

POLITIČKI KRITERIJUMI I POLITIČKI ASPEKT PROŠIRENJA EU

Author(s): Aleksandar Saša Zeković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 37-38/2007

Rad „Politički kriterijumi – politički aspekt proširenja“ govori o principima na kojima počiva Evropska Unija i koje moraju zadovoljiti sve države koje joj žele pristupiti. Osim istorijskog osvrta na etape (faze) evropskoj ujedinjenja predstavljeni su ciljevi i politike EU što je značajno sa aspekta pravilnog razumijevanja političkih kriterijuma proširenja. Iz istog razloga na detaljan i veoma pristupačan način predstavljene su odredbe o ljudskim pravima iz osnivačkih ugovora EU kao i sadržaj Evropske povelje o ljudskim pravima koja je ugrađena u temelje budućeg Evropskog ustava. Značaj rada je i u tome što se u njemu ističe da prije svega treba zadovoljiti političke uslove i pretpostavke jer je „politički i bezbjednosni okvir prostor unutar kojeg funkcioniše ekonomija, preduzeća i finansijske organizacije i konačno pravna i socijalna infrastruktura“. Veoma detaljno je predstavljen proces i postupak prodruživanja EU, predstavljeni svi kriterijuma članstva posebno politički. Posebni osvrti učinjeni su u pravcu identifikovanja posljedica evropskih integracija i trenutnog statusa i progresa Crne Gore u pogledu zadovoljenja političkih kriterijuma.

Voters decide. Classical models of electoral behavior

Author(s): Constantin Sasu,Marius Sorin Dangă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2015

The decision to vote and choosing among the candidates is a extremely important one with repercussions on everyday life by determining, in global mode, its quality for the whole society. Therefore the whole process by which the voter decide becomes a central concern. In this paper we intend to locate the determinants of the vote decision in the electoral behavior classical theoretical models developed over time. After doing synthesis of classical schools of thought on electoral behavior we conclude that it has been made a journey through the mind, soul and cheek, as follows: the mind as reason in theory developed by Downs, soul as preferably for an actor in Campbell's theory, etc. and cheek as an expression of the impossibility of detachment from social groups to which we belong in Lazarsfeld's theory.

A microeconomic perspective on net working capital

Author(s): Luminița Gabriela Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2016

The financial resources consist of components which are characterized by common features, but also have traits regarding their formation and use, generating social and economic effects which differ considerably from one of their parts to the other. The financing made by banks of some activities in industry, construction, agriculture, services and trade enables the companies to increase the quality and volume of their products and of the services offered. Also, there is a better orientation of these companies towards the requirements of the internal and foreign markets with beneficial effects on reducing the macroeconomic imbalances inherent in an economy in full process of catching-up with the standards of the developed countries.

Playing ping - pong with minority policies and integration: the cases from Estonia, Latvia and Slovakia

Author(s): Jaroslav Mihálik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The minority policy and integration of ethnic and national minorities belong to the central concepts of domestic policy-making in nation states. The article deals with the different approaches to minority policy and integration from the perspective of the Baltic States and Slovakia. We argue about the political conditionality prior to the access to the EU in 2004 and subsequent developments in the perspective of position and protection of national minorities living in respective countries. We reveal the potential threats of minority integration and cohesive society building process, especially with regard to the historical grievance, different elites' attitudes and minority actors themselves.

Youth unemployment and school dropout

Author(s): Viorel Pop,Vasile Goldiș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2016

Unemployment is one of the most serious problems of the contemporary world, fact which is expressed not only by all European statistics, statistics showing a growing number of unemployed, despite the consistent concern of the governments of all developed countries. Worse is that the unemployment is the highest among young people up to 25 years, many of them being university graduates. This way the trend of young people to stop attending studies appeared ... seeing as useless their efforts to invest in their future through university studies, the chances of finding a job are minimal despite their diplomas. Hence the name of "the lost generation" - the way that young people are called nowadays. The market economy, based mainly on private property is not considering social issues, it pursues just one goal: profit, more exactly the profit maximization.

Local community involvement in tourism development

Author(s): Maria Tătărușanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2016

The issue of community participation in tourism development has been brought in front of the sector decision makers and researchers mostly during the last period of time. It could be a source of benefits and it could also create a better relationship between the tourism companies and the community groups. In this paper the author writes a literature review on this subject in order to draw attention on this issue in the Romanian tourism literature and to create an analysis framework for specific cases of tourism development plans.

INTEGRACIJA I DEZINTEGRACIJA EVROPSKE UNIJE - PANEUROPSKI ODGOVOR I PERSPEKTIVE INTEGRACIJE U JUGOISTOČNOJ EVROPI ČETVRT STOLJEĆA POSLIJE

Author(s): Nevenka Nekić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2017

Kad je Richard N. Coudenhove Kalergi utemeljitelj Paneuropske unije godine 1923. pisao svoju knjigu o ujedinjenju Europe, uvidio je četiri skupine protivnika toga ujedinjenja: šovinisti, komunisti, militaristi i industrijalci. Ove posljednje je nazvao najmoćnijima i najopasnijima. Danas, nakon 93 godine situacija je obrnuta: ovi posljednji najviše su zainteresirani za globalizaciju i ujedinjenje pa i čitavoga svijeta jer su vlasnici nafte, banaka i velikih korporacija.

Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Mongolia Eyes East Asian Supergrid Scheme

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 06/20/2017

Its cheap and abundant energy resources are crucial to the ambitious project – but first, they must be developed.

La souveraineté ou les souverainetés ? Réflexions sur les relations entre souveraineté de l’État et souveraineté de la nation

Author(s): Remigiusz Chęciński,Alexandre Departout,Tymoteusz Mądry / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2013

The study attempts an analysis of the relationship between the concepts of state and nation sovereignty. The thesis has been proposed that state sovereignty could be regarded as a derivation of nation sovereignty. While attempting to approve of the proposed thesis, the authors describe the relationship between both institutions by referring to their origins. In the light of concepts of sovereignty, the relationship between state and international law is presented from a philosophical perspective. Approving the proposed thesis, the authors conclude that regardless of whether state sovereignty derives from nation sovereignty or not, the two concepts refer to different backgrounds which can be seen both in their origins and contemporary realities.

Kwestia tożsamości państwa, zerwania ciągłości państwowej, rewizji konstytucji na przykładzie Austrii

Author(s): Szymon Pawłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2014

The Author discusses the process of the creation of the Republic of Austria and its political transformations. Due to the historical storms a legal issue that was often considered by the doctrine was the identity of the Empire of Austria and the First Republic, as well as the identity between the First and the Second Republic, founded in 1945. The political practice had also faced the issue of the continuation of the legal system, both post-imperial and formed after the coup d’etat of 1934 as well as the inclusion of Austria into the Third Reich.The reference is made to the design of the break of the political system (,,Rechtsbruch”)and the necessary introduction of the general derogation of legal acts incompatible with a democratic order. A significant change in the political system was brought by the accession of Austria to the EU, which was related to the modification of the basic principles of the system of government. Therefore, the revision of the constitution was required. The issue of the loss of state identity, although several times raised in the proceedings before the Austrian Constitutional Tribunal, has not been confirmed by the Tribunal.

Creative Industries: Development Processes Under Contemporary Conditions of Globalization

Author(s): Valerija Kontrimienė,Borisas Melnikas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article deals with the processes of developing creative industries under conditions of a growth in the worldwide economy and globalization, discloses the role of the sector of creative industries and shows its place in the system of the modern global economy. The paper presents a comparative analysis of theories and theoretical approaches intended for the sector of creative industries and its development as well as defines regularities and specificities characteristic of the development of creative industries. Particular attention is shifted on the growth and development of creative industries considering the current challenges of globalization and on the most important specificities of the developing sector in the context of the challenges of economic globalization. The paper examines the trends reflecting the place of the sector of creative industries in the economy of the modern world, including the tendencies indicating changes in the export of the products created in this sector. The article considers the issues of developing creative industries and reveals priorities of future research.