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Организация и финансиране на османската куриерска служба през XVII и XVIII век

Author(s): Alexandra Antonova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper studies the appearance and development of the menzil organization on the main roads of the Empire in Rumelia. The author explores the financing of the currier service. Its development in 17th and 18th century is presented as a complex process which depends on the decisions of the central authorities, but is strongly affected by the interests of the provincial elite and no less by the practices of the ulkas. The constant efforts of the state to bring order to the financing of the menzils can be seen in some fermans from 17th and 18th century. They, as well as the inamat defters, show that the system was difficult to reform due to the difference in the interests of the central authorities and those of the locals ayans in 18th century. Thhe menzils were a solid source of enrichment. They sucked in money from the state and the horses were used mostly for personal needs. This situation continued till 19th century when Mustafa Reshid Pasha established the postahane on the model of the European postal services.

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“Capture” of the Post-Socialist State as a Challenge to the EU Integration

Author(s): Andrey Nonchev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Different trajectories of post-socialist societal transformations and their alternativeconceptualizations are discussed. The paper addresses the specific mode of post-socialist societydesignated as "state capture" and its economic, political and social dimensions. The paper offers atheoretical model of the captured state, identifying its differentia specifica and its economic,political and social effects. The interaction between state institutions, political and economicpower networks and their rational strategies to capture the state is identified. The implementationof these strategies involves the formation and operation of politico-economic power networks thatseek to control key public legislative, executive and judiciary institutions and to extract economicand political benefits. The state capture has fundamental political, economic and social consequences that could become serious barriers to deepening European integration and even stimulate disintegration processes.

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Problema cetăţeniei refugiaţilor basarabeni din România, aspect al luptei pentru păstrarea identităţii naţionale

Author(s): Mihaela TEODOR / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

În contextul discuţiilor aprinse din ultimul timp pe margi- nea legii privind acordarea cetăţeniei române basarabenilor şi bucovinenilor, mi-am pus întrebarea dacă cetăţenia ar putea fi un aspect al identităţii naţionale. În acelaşi timp am încercat să descopăr dacă în trecut a existat un alt moment de discuţii aprinse privind cetăţenia română a basarabenilor. Imediat după 23 august 1944 a existat un astfel de moment, în care soarta refugiaţilor din Basarabia şi Bucovina de Nord a depins de evoluţia discuţiilor în jurul articolului cinci al Convenţiei de Armistiţiu, privind cetăţenia acestor refugiaţi şi implicit a tuturor locuitorilor din teritoriile cedate în 1940.

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Criza identitară din Republica Moldova în contextul globalizării

Author(s): Lucia Sava / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Identitatea naţională se formează în epoca naţionalismului, atunci când societăţile s-au organizat conform principiului naţional. Procesul a fost cu certitudine dirijat de autorităţi, după ce au luat naştere pe parcurs instituţiile naţionale. Din acel moment limbii şi culturii majorităţii, tradiţiilor şi istoriei naţionale li se acordă un loc central. Rezultatul final al unui proces reuşit de construcţie naţională este, printre altele, crearea identităţii naţionale.

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Сравнителен анализ на публичните разходи за предучилищно и начално училищно образование в страните от Европейския съюз

Author(s): Velichka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Investing in education by the government can be seen as a key factor in the prosperity of both the individual and society as a whole. In this regard, in the process of gaining knowledge, it is essential to lay the foundations, which is achieved through education in the early childhood. To this end, the present report focuses on public expenditure on pre-primary and primary education which has been compared across the European Union member states.

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"Сребърната икономика" в Европа и ролята на социалните иновации за подобряване качеството на живот на потребителите на социални услуги

Author(s): Tanya Vazova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The growing trend of an aging population in Europe highlights the challenges, innovations and new policies needed to improve the lives of older people. The development and use of the available labour potential of all people of working age is an important task to address demographic challenges. We need to prepare and adapt to reality by accepting people over 60+, and sometimes over 50+, as a resource important to society, not a burden. In the conditions of the modern changes two tendencies in relation to the aging population stand out: the opportunity to be useful both for themselves and for society in the new realities, taking into account their activity and "common sense"; the development of the "silver economy", which includes all economic activities related to production, health, social, educational and other services designed to meet the needs and improve the quality of life of older people. The impact of population aging is presented in this report; the concept of the "silver economy" is considered, including a wide range of activities that meet the needs of older people as consumers and presents good innovative practices developed and implemented in some EU member states.

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Новото световно безредие

Author(s): Lyubomir Kyuchukov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The erosion of the post-war world order does not necessarily lead to the establishment of a new one, it rather creates a new world disorder. The existing order is based on international institutions (first and foremost – the UN system) and international law, but no such new ones are set up. However, the war in Ukraine will have a long-term negative effect on world’s developments: whenever and however it takes an end, provided that it does not evolve into a global conflict, we will have to face a deeply divided, confronted and militarised world, dominated by policies, based on the position of force and a fight over spheres of influence, with no mutual confidence and no prospect for political dialogue.

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Tourism Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Bulgaria and the Neighbouring Countries

Author(s): Petya Ivanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to analyze some key indicators determining the degree of tourism sustainability. It studies tourism sustainability indicators in Bulgaria compared with its neighbouring countries and uses an established methodological apparatus for studying tourism sustainability, developed by the World Economic Forum. The research places emphasis on an analysis of the balance in the triple bottom line of economic-environmental-social goals determining sustainability. The research methodology includes theoretical-methodological analysis, comparative analysis, empirical analysis, systemic approach. Based on the analysis carried out, the strengths of the offered tourist product in Bulgaria are highlighted, as well as the weaknesses regarding sustainability, which need improvement measures.

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Правото като гарант за сигурността в обществото

Author(s): Goran Goranov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Among the goals pursued by law are justice, the common good and legal certainty. Legal certainty as a goal of law is also a value of the law itself and is part of its concept. The approach to its definition opens up avenues in different directions to be explored. This report will analyze the various meanings, arising from its main divisions, its main manifestations in the legal system and its main problems.

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The Role of Banks in Bulgaria in Increasing Financial Literacy

Author(s): Irina Kazandzhieva-Yordanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper investigates the implementation of a national strategy for increasing financial literacy in Bulgaria and the types of activities performed by the financial sector contributing to financial literacy. Some key elements of the financial literacy strategy are discussed in the paper as well as the role of the financial sector for the realization of the goals of the national strategy. The paper stresses on the role of the banking sector and the types of activities it performs for increasing the financial literacy. The paper argues that despite the number of activities performed by the financial sector the necessity of creating a national strategy is inevitable as it guarantees the involvement of the different social groups, coverage of large scope of topics and sustainability on a long-term basis.

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Financial Development and Economic Growth in CEE Countries

Author(s): Gergana Mihaylova-Borisova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the important financial sector’s role in economies, the study examines whether there is a relationship between the GDP growth and financial development of CEE countries. For this purpose, first the causality is tested by means of Granger-causality test and then an attempt is made to assess the influence of one variable on the other. The GDP growth and financial development’s relationship is examined for the ten countries in CEE, with the period covered being 2010-2022. It is expected that financial development has a great importance for the improved growth in the studied countries. Data on loans, deposits in the banking system, and market capitalization as a share of GDP are used. The results confirmed that financial sector contributes positively to the realization of higher and stable GDP growth in CEE countries.

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