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This is a summary of four reports published by the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in the framework of project “Russia’s Footprint in the Western Balkan Information Environment”. You can read full reports by clicking on links or visiting www.stratcomcoe.org: Russia’s Strategic Interests and Tools of Influence in the Western Balkans; Risks and Vulnerabilities in the Western Balkans; Russia’s Narratives toward Western Balkans: Analysis of Sputnik Srbija; Tracking Russia’s Narratives in the Western Balkan Media; The project investigates Russia’s tools of influence in the Western Balkans (WB), with a focus on the media landscape. The scope of analysis is Russia’s activities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The project analyses Russia’s interests and influence toolbox, as well as identifies the vulnerabilities that make the Western Balkan countries susceptible to hostile influence. It also identifies the Kremlin’s narratives in the WB as well as looks at the role of local WB media in spreading those narratives. The report provides a basis for interested stakeholders to understand the methods and means that Russia uses to influence decision-making in the Western Balkans, as well as offers insights into the regional characteristics that facilitate Russia’s influence in the WB media space.
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This book collects scientific papers and reports presented on the conference ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Seven Years Later’ organized by the International Economic Relations and Business Department at University of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia, Bulgaria. The conference, held on 3 October 2014, traditionally provided a stage for prominent academics, dedicated PhD students and professionals to discuss contemporary topics related to multiple aspects of the European integration, its effects on the Bulgarian economy, socio-economic environment, international business and relations, finance and politics. The authors in this edition of the book thoroughly reviewed the economy of the Euro area and the EU as it progresses after the latest recession. A Group of authors focuses attention on the banking sector, monetary aspects and inflation, the development in the Economic and monetary union within EU, the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the overall competitiveness and recovery of the European markets. Cross-border partnership with EU neighbours and related instruments, cohesion among the EU member states, experience with the European funds and corresponding public procurement process are another thematic cluster discussed in the book. The researchers increasingly examine subjects related to the energy policy and security, the EU energy policy development and actions in particular. The contributors review matters related to the renewable energy sources, the establishment of the European Energy Union and other institutional and policy developments on supranational level. Another thematic cycle in the book is related to matters concerning the corporate management, business strategy and marketing, new markets expansion and interculturalism. This is intertwined with papers dedicated to the education, human resource involvement and adaptation to the working environment, research and innovation. ‘The Membership of Bulgaria in the EU: Seven Years Later’ is an annually organized academic event with the vision to foster open dialogue, offer contemporary research and exchange of ideas between fellow academics, policy makers, businesses, stakeholders and the public.
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The survey was conducted on October 12-19, 2019 on a national sample of 1117 people selected from 109 urban and rural localities in all counties of Romania. He measured the confidence of the presidential candidates, the comparisons between them, the voting intentions, the problems facing the country, the attitude towards various issues, people, institutions.
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The research was conducted in September 2018 based on 3 focus groups in which 28 people participated. The study aimed to evaluate the perception of the Dăncilă government, the evaluation of President Klaus Iohannis, Traian Băsescu, Eugen Tomac, Ludovic Orban, Dan Barna, the perception of PMP, PNL, USR, PSD, of the topics that will be debated in the campaign for the European elections. political relations, attitude towards the PMP, intention to vote for referendums on issues such as: no criminals in public office, the union of Moldova with Romania, electronic voting.
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The survey was conducted on August 1-4, 2020 by interviewing 502 people living in the commune. He measured the way in which the City Hall managed a series of issues, the priorities of the population, the perception of the current mayor, of the main competitors, comparisons between them, voting intentions.
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The survey was conducted on July 2-5, 2020 on a sample of 629 inhabitants of the city. He measured people’s opinion about the main candidates for City Hall, the comparison between the first two competitors, expectations of the future mayor, voting intentions, how the City Hall was involved in certain administrative issues, achievements and failures of current and former mayor.
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The survey was conducted on July 1-3, 2020 on a sample of 305 inhabitants of the city. He measured people’s opinion about central and local public administration institutions, about the main candidates for City Hall, the comparison between the first two competitors, the expectations of the future mayor, voting intentions, how the City Hall got involved in certain administrative issues, achievements and failures of the current mayor and the main opponent.
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The survey was conducted on June 20-25, 2020 on a sample of 550 inhabitants of the commune. He measured people’s opinion about central and local public administration institutions, about the main candidates for City Hall, about political parties, expectations of the future mayor, voting intentions, how the City Hall got involved in certain administrative issues, achievements and failures of the current mayor and of the main opponents.
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The survey was conducted between January 24 and February 10, 2020 on a sample of 3267 adults living in the county. He measured how the population perceives the involvement of the mayor’s office in various administrative issues, trust in local political leaders, voting intentions in local elections, the perception of local party organizations.
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The survey was conducted between January 22-29, 2020 on a sample of 757 adults living in the city. He measured how the population perceives the involvement of the mayor’s office in various administrative issues, trust in local political leaders, voting intentions in local elections, the perception of local party organizations.
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The survey was conducted between May 26-28, 2017 on a sample of 1029 adults living in the city. He measured how the population perceives the involvement of the mayor’s office in various administrative issues, trust in local political leaders, voting intentions in local elections, the perception of local party organizations.
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At the First and Second Session of ZAVNOBiH, the representatives of the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina laid the foundations of the modern statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the sessions of ZAVNOBiH, the peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina jointly created their federal unit, which became part of the federal Yugoslavia with the political will of its delegates at the Second Session of AVNOJ. The Third Session of ZAVNOBiH in Sarajevo marked the end of the state-building process in Bosnia and Herzegovina within the second Yugoslav state. ZAVNOBiH was transformed into the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with legislative acts adopted at the session, while the Presidency of ZAVNOBiH turned into the Presidency of the National Assembly. Bosnia and Herzegovina also received its first post-war government. Legislation adopted at the Third Session of ZAVNOBiH, i.e. the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, created the independent state organisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was equally positioned with other federal units in the Yugoslav state. An additional enhancement to the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina was made by the adoption of the first Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thus, immediately after the end of the Second World War, Bosnia and Herzegovina defined its internal structure by the highest legal act, in accordance with the then political and economic circumstances. It was defined as a people’s republic that conferred sovereign rights and statehood. With the adoption of the Constitution, Bosnia and Herzegovina completed the state-building process and it can be stated that from 31 December 1946, it fully existed and functioned as a state organisation. At the same time, it is necessary to not lose sight of the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina, by the will of its representatives, was part of a wider state - Yugoslavia. The sovereignty and statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina were limited by the sovereignty of the federal state. These are the sovereign rights that Bosnia and Herzegovina transferred to the FPRY, given that it was an integral part of the unified socioeconomic and political system of AVNOJ Yugoslavia.
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One of the councillors of the third session of the State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (orig. abbrev. ZAVNOBiH; April 26-28, 1945 in Sarajevo), who participated in the preparation and work of the previous two sessions (in Mrkonjic Grad in 1943 and Sanski Most in 1944), was Avdo Humo, a writer from Mostar, an illegal and a professional revolutionary. Humo is undoubtedly one of the most important intellectuals and politicians of the 20th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper points out the key biographical data following Avdo Humo from his student days. As a graduate of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade, he has been an active member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) since the mid-1930s and also an organizer of anti-fascist resistance during World War II. Humo had great merit in the process of constituting and institutionalizing Bosnia and Herzegovina as one of the six equal republics in federal Yugoslavia. After the war, he participated in numerous prominent political and social roles, both in the Republic and in the federal centre. However, Avdo Humo was politically marginalized and morally disqualified in the context of a strong wave of self-criticism within the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) in the early 1970s, during the reconstruction of the Republican leadership and the removal of the so-called spring followers and liberals, i.e. significant re-Stalinization of the system. The parting of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Avdo Humo, Hajro Kapetanovic, Osman Karabegovic, and Cedo Kapor at the end of 1972 followed their sharp criticism of the dominant current, undemocratic relations, unprincipledness, firm-hand leadership, management by a narrow circle of leaders and the more. The Republican leadership assessed them as a synchronized group, as a faction within the League of Communists that cooperates with ”liberals, informers, and bearers of hegemonic tendencies” and that has ”insatiable lust for personal power in realization of dominant influence on the policy of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.” The party leadership unanimously assessed their criticism as groundless and stated that their target was the destabilization of the leadership and causing a rift within it.
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As the highest legislative body, the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the central institution of the political system and the only sovereign authority in the state. In exercising its basic constitutional competencies: political representation, law-making and control over the executive, the Parliamentary Assembly does not fulfill its role in full capacity. The lack of democratic parliamentarism tradition and especially the inability of the party elites to reach consensus on the most important issues of the political and social development diminish the political power of parliament as a center of political decision-making. In political practice, this leads to inappropriate domination of the executive and the concentration of real power in the hands of bureaucratized political party elites. Reforms of electoral legislation can contribute to the democratization of the parliamentary institution and strengthen its role in the political system. These reforms would include a structural change in the way parliament is constituted by: redefining electoral boundaries; change the method of electing representatives by applying the open list system; to ensure a balanced political representation of marginalized social groups. This can create the basis for strengthening interest-civic political organization political behavior and at the same time amortize ethno-territorial political and social divisions.
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𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.
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In der kämpferischen demokratischen Traditionslinie des albanischen Volkes nimmt Fan Noli wegen seines umfangreichen Wirkens einen Ehrenplatz ein. Er war Geistlicher und zugleich Politiker mit fortschrittlichen Ideen, ein vielseitiger Publizist und hervor ragender Literat, er machte sich als Übersetzer, Historiker, Musikwissenschaftler und orthodoxer Theologe einen Namen.
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In his book Diplomacia amerikane dhe Shqiperia Leonard Demi observes, “The ties between Albanians and America do not begin on the date of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Albania and the United States of America, but long before that time, around the end of the 19th century.” (p. 9) Although Demi is referring specifically in his observation to the arrival in 1892 of the first group of Albanian immigrants who settled permanently in the United States, it is also true that a small, but growing number of Americans had during the 19th century become aware of the existence of the Albanian people and their national hero, Skenderbeg.
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Lze očekávat, že budoucí analýzy české politiky budou chápat rok 2009 jako významný mezník českého politického vývoje. Zůstává však otázkou, zda bude považován za bod, v němž česká politika dosahuje svého dna, aby se odrazila k očistě a obnově v rámci stávajícího systému, či za moment, v němž začíná volný pád končící krachem českého pokusu o liberální demokracii. V české zahraniční politice se tento rok, bohatý na události, projevil hlubokými otřesy jejích dvou základních ideo-vých orientací – evropské a atlantické. Právě analýzou těchto otřesů začíná naše závěrečné shrnutí. Následovat budou úvahy o některých dalších důležitých událostech předchozího roku.
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The paper points out the connection between political crisis and political myths and defends the understanding that political myths in Bulgarian society contribute to the emergence of political crises.
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