Conciliul Vatican II. Din istoria Conciliilor Ecumenice
This essay is about the history of the Ecumenical Councils, and also about the implications of the Second Vatican Council.
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This essay is about the history of the Ecumenical Councils, and also about the implications of the Second Vatican Council.
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The article describes the introduction of the liturgical reform in the Czech Republic and the associated musical creation that would correspond to the renewed liturgy. It focuses on the work of individual liturgical commissions, the determination of the criteria of musical creation and the prominent music protagonists. At the same time, it describes the progress of the work on the common song-book for the Czech and Moravian dioceses.
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In the second half of the twentieth century, the overcoming of the infuence of Kant’s philosophy on the interpretation of Luther’s theology gave the impetus to a new shift in the Luther studies. However, it also revealed the importance of the theological intuitions of the Reformer on the current philosophical-theological debate on the possibility of restoring metaphysics and ontology in particular. The study aims to present the ontological dimension and the orientation of some of these intuitions present in Luther’s commentary on the Letter to the Romans. This dimension is determined by his conviction that the revelation of the trinitarian God in Christ has shown the truth of being in general, and of human being in particular, the truth of the fact that this being is structurally related but also of the fact that, in the historical space, this relationship has to bring to date and to augment what is happeniing by means of following the Crucified and Risen Logos of the Creator, and uniting with his Holy Spirit in the communion of believers.
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This article is based on a research about the Lent in our society to demonstrate the capacity of people to understand the spiritual meaning of Easter today. For my study, I used meta-analytical method and questionnaire to understand better the phenomena of Lent. It represents a necessity of people to go through a certain “magical time”. In the period before Lent, people are trying to adapt to the new rituals. The Lent is in fact the most important threshold for Christians. The ethnologist Arnold Van Gennep considered that people are transforming themselves from what they were to what they will be through participating to Easter threshold. The rites of passage in the case of Lent has a sacred signification where people are proving its value. Lent is consisting in forty days in which people have restriction to food from animals, to alcoholic drink and other things that will give pleasure. Lent is more about humbleness. Romanians are trying to participate in Lent, but, not many of them acquire their full attention and respect to it. Lent started to become more a symbolic gesture where people are aware of it, but are not effectively participate in it.
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The author evokes the four ,,funeral ovations”of Saint Antim of Iviria, projecting a Christian perspective on death, as well as the care of the priest for the comfort of those who lose their beloved ones .Therefore, death is , “without distress to the faithful and righteous man” and deserves to be celebrated with sacred hymns and prayers.
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Gábor Csilla: Laus et polemia. Magasztalás és vetekedés közép- és kora újkori szövegtípusokban. Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó–Bolyai Társaság Egyetemi Műhely Kiadó, Debrecen–Kolozsvár 2015.
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The article deals with the relationship between reformation, Protestantism and the special pedagogical German category of “Bildung”. Protestantism and “Bildung” cannot be separated. “Bildung” has its roots in the differentiations of reformation. More precisely these are 1. modern subjectivity, 2. the modern understanding of human and historical development and 3. the modern concept of “profession” that is linked with the Protestant mode of using the sacraments and Holy Scripture.
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Diversity means the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people. Identity is associated with something individual. Migration is the movement of people into another country or region that are not native. It is a phenomenon that has occurred since ancient times and is caused by something painful that affects the inhabitant of an area. This is usually a plague, climatic phenomena, hunger, thirst or war. As the world becomes increasingly urbanized, societies tend to become more and more diverse culturally, politically, religiously and economically, and pluralism is becoming the order of the day in all these spheres. In a migrating word diversity comes close to identity and then the discussion about the limits of its one begins. The Bible provides us with a good number of narratives as to the way in which diversity is caused, how the identity of biblical Israel has been shaped, and characteristic examples of biblical forms that have led to migration. A typical example of all is Jesus Christ Himself, who in his teaching has demonstrated how modern man ought to stand on issues such as diversity, identity and migration.
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Since the very beginnings of his existence, mas was preoccupied by thisphenomenon, and even if time is an abstract concept, as it can’t be divided, therewas the preoccupation for a certain concretization of time, a system ofmeasurement, so that, according to this periodization, man would be able tomanage and unfold his social, material and religious life. This is why, from themost ancient times, men directed their attention towards different changes andphenomena of nature and, respecting the Holy Bible, they observed especially theastronomical phenomena
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“The Little Lity for the Dead”, as we know it today, seems to be a “structure” ofSabait origin (Palestinian), its order being recorded, not by chance, in the GreatTypikon of Saint Sabbas. Unfortunately, the specialists did not deal with this topicenough, perhaps because of the lack of clear clues, which is why the present studyproposes to analyze some of the peculiarities of this ordinance.
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The present paper is centred on one of the outstanding figures of 20th-centuryRomanian preaching: Father Arsenie Boca, a great spiritual director, greatlyrevered by the Romanian people both in his lifetime and today, and a victim ofcommunist persecutions. A brief biography is followed by a synthetic presentationof the religious-moral tenets put forth in his sermons: the Christian outlook on life(balance; attitude towards life; decision making; true freedom; the vice ofidleness; rules to be followed in a Christian’s life), a wide array of issues relatedto the family life (the sanctity of matrimony; the problem of abortions; familyplanning; the relationship between generations in the family line) or to pastoralactivity (the relationship between a confessor and the young to be guided towardsa meaningful life). Through all his efforts in the service of the Romanian Churchand nation, Father Arsenie Boca stood out as a distinguished spiritual director, aguide of the souls and a convincing missionary
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Spiritual experiences of the Church Saints and the Church teachings are stored invarious testimonies (texts, monuments, artistic expressions etc.) about the Churchpresence and walk in the world. Theology, as a science, under the form ofcurriculum disciplines, searches for answers, draws conclusions, rehabilitates ina critical manner, studies and interprets all these testimonies or draws argumentsfrom them in the endless dialogue between the Church and the world. Theframework of this approach, aimed at studying the Church testimonies, alsoincludes the education offered in the Faculties of Theology. This educationtransmits to students, on the one hand, knowledge obtained as a fruit of scientifictheological research, and, on the other hand, gives them orientation in the Churchlife, namely in the life according to Jesus Christ’s teaching, as it has been livedand experienced by the Saints. Theology, in all its manifestations, represents aChurch function, and its space is the Church body, consequently it is related to theChurch mission in the world. For this reason, the function of the Church, as placeof worship and of healing for man, and the function of School, be it Faculty ofTheology or Theological Seminary, are related, being one. Both the Faculty ofTheology and the education it provides belong to the vocational domain, whichsupposes not just external training, namely the appropriation of knowledge, butespecially inner training, spiritual transformation and ascension, because thegraduates’ role, regardless of whether they become clerics or religion teachersetc., is to be a catalyst in the society and to promote a fundamental thing: man’ssalvation. Due to this thing, the mission of the Faculties of Theology belongs tothe framework of the Church mission, and the student’s life to the sacramentaland liturgical space of the Church. Consequently, the scientific and positivecharacter of academic theology, as theological function of the Church and of hermission, must have in view the aim of the theological education received in aFaculty of Theology, namely, the cultivation of the therapeutic-ascetic function ofthe Church, in other words, the student’s integration in the spiritual life of theChurch, which is expressed by the living of the states of purification, illuminationand deification, namely his integration in the Church spirituality, where he oughtto feel the Saints’ communion. All these confirm the reality of empirical theology,as a binder between academic theology and the Orthodox Church mission, butalso the relation that ought to exist between the place of worship and the Faculty of Theology, in other words, yet, starting from the latter, the relation betweenacademic theology and Church life or between erudition and the way of living andthinking of the Church. Neglecting the role of empirical theology, as the onlydynamic reality vitalizing the synergy between academic theology and the Churchmission in the contemporary society, will trigger many negative consequences, bythe materialization of certain trends that many theology teachers have drawn ourattention to.
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Among the challenges that Europe must face today is the recognition and valuingits Christian roots. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TheLisbon Treaty) has avoided direct reference to the Christian roots of Europe, buthas mentioned the religious heritage as the origin of the development of universalvalues on the basis of which the European project has been able to build itsfuture. Many critical voices, such as that of Jacques Chirac and the PierreMoscovici, denied the contribution of Christianity to the formation anddevelopment of the European Community. But the denial of Europe's Christianroots implies a betrayal of its culture and history. Christianity has united andgiven to the Europe meaning for all peoples to live in communion. Europe needsthe affirmation of its Christian origins, the valorisation of moral values that havebeen planted from the beginning, which have developed and have been born forcenturies. Europe needs Christianity to exist, to not sink, to be able to live inpeace and build a civilization of good understanding between its citizens.
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Father Professor Constantin Galeriu is one of the outstanding figures of theRomanian Orthodox Church, mainly due to his fervent preaching activity, but alsodue to his oratorical talent evident in his sermons and catecheses. His homileticwork, of such impressive extent, offers the reader rich study material from whichto extract teachings that prove useful in everyday activity, but especially in thepursuit of immortality. An extremely cultured man, concerned with the study ofphilosophy, medicine, psychology, Father Galeriu proposed a new comprehensiveapproach to these domains in the light of theology, directing man to the source ofcreation - God. In his sermons we can easily identify the sources the authorcompiled, such as the Holy Scripture, the writings of the Holy Fathers, treaties ofphilosophy, ethics, psychology etc. They all provide solid grounds to the sermon,but also ensure the accurate understanding of the message that the preacherwishes to convey, in all its complexity. Moreover, the spiritual condition of FatherGaleriu as well as the knowledge he acquired through incessant study contributedto the development of certain sermon topics such as salvation, love, faith, family,all rooted in the text of the Holy Scripture. The message of the sermon isprofoundly Christian and always topical and relevant – in the light of the newresearch and discoveries, because it relates to God and to the crown of creation –Man, a dynamic being always in search of truth and perfection. This desire ofman, to attain fulfillment through God, to aspire towards likeness to the Creator(Gen. 1,26) is addressed by Father Galeriu, as that it is the only way man canremain an active member of Christ’s Church.Keywords: Father Constantin Galeriu; sermon; h
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Understanding (subjective) experience of encountering another reality, the sacred, and the perception of the sacred, implies not only the acceptance of the belief that the sacred exists in itself and that it is located in place, in the context of the pilgrimage phenomenon, but also one's own experience of the belief. The problems of research and understanding of direct experiences (not only pilgrimage experiences), the mechanisms that trigger them and their practical effect, are usually interpreted through methodological or interpretational limits. On the example of several elements of the anthropology of pilgrimage, the introductory paper offers a perspective that the issue of cultural-anthropological dealings with experience lies primarily in the interdisciplinary valuing of experiences of cultural anthropologists themselves. The thesis is further discussed by several colleagues whose research is focused on religious themes.
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