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Vjerska obilježja u pravosuđu Bosne i Hercegovine — pro et contra

Author(s): Demirel Delić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 24/2016

Neuobičajen broj neujednačenih reakcija, sa izraženim pomanjkanjem valjane pravne argumentacije, na zaključak Visokog sudskog i tužilačkog vijeća (VSTV) o zabrani nošenja vjerskih obilježja u pravosudnim institucijama ne treba da iznenađuje. Ipak, sadržaj reakcija koje ispoljavaju kritičari Zaključka VSTV-a je uglavnom zabrinjavajući, jer ukazuje na suštinsko nerazumijevanje/nepoznavanje standarda zaštite ljudskih prava garantovanih ustavnim sistemom Bosne i Hercegovine. Da društvene prilike i stvarni uvjeti egzistencije ljudi u dominantnoj mjeri utiču na njihove misli i postupke nije sporno. Ni pravnici nisu izuzetak. Čini se da pravničko razumijevanje vjerskih sloboda u sekularnoj državi, kao i ljudskih prava nije pošteđeno ideoloških pritisaka ili pritiska interesnih grupacija kojima pripadaju. Kako drugačije objasniti da slična javna reakcija, samoproglašenih zaštitnika individualnih i kolektivnih prava povodom Zaključka VSTV-a, nije uslijedila u pogledu diskriminacije “Ostalih” koji su, praktično, onemogućeni da zauzimaju odgovarajuće pozicije u Ustavnom sudu Bosne i Hercegovine, Predsjedništvu Bosne i Hercegovine, Domu naroda Parlamentarne skupštine Bosne i Hercegovine, instituciji Ombdusmena za zaštitu ljudskih prava itd. Ne sporim mogućnost odgovora. Zaključujem da postoje dva potencijalno moguća. Prvi, da je diskriminacija “Ostalih” duboko ukorijenjena u javnom diskursu, pa je suvišno ukazivati na općepoznatu neuralgičnu tačku bosanskohercegovačkog društva, kad to “i vrapci na grani” znaju. U tom slučaju deklarisani zaštitnici ljudskih prava gube kredibilitet zbog konformizma i nekonzistentnosti. Drugi, za koji se a priori nadam da je u domenu fikcije, u što nisam uvjeren. Taj bi bio, dvije situacije nisu kompatibilne, jer dominacija većine nad “Ostalima” treba da se prihvati kao bosanskohercegovačka koncepcija demokratije. To bi značilo da manjina treba da prihvati nemogućnost uticaja na javne politike, a kreatori (konstitutivni narodi) javnih politika treba da budu zaštićeni. Zaštićeni od sebe?! Ta koncepcija je prevaziđena.

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Basics of religious freedom roger Williams (1604?-1683) and the concept of religious freedom

Author(s): Ciprian Simuţ / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

The problem of religious freedom can be studied from various perspectives. This kind of freedom can be complete, or limited. Roger Williams proposed complete religious freedom, which would extend to all Christian denominations, but also to non-Christian religions. This happened in a time when such perspectives were inconceivable by the state and the Church. Williams believes that church and state should be separate, but the state has the right to punish any individual or religious group, on the grounds of threatening the civil peace. However, the state has no right to dictate what and in whom must the citizens believe. The focus of the paper is to present the basic ideas of Williams’ concept of religious freedom and to present their relevance today.

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Sekularnost, sekularizam, religija?

Author(s): Sulejman Bosto / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 19/2015

Ne samo u ekskluzivnim znanstvenim krugovima društvenih humanističkih ili duhovnih znanosti nego i u javnim debatama (na kapitalu kako kulturno-političke baštine prosvjetiteljstva: na konceptu javnog i demokratskog oblikovanja političke volje, političkog pluralizma, sekularnog državno-pravnog ustrojstva, liberalnih tržišno-ekonomskih normi, emancipacijskom političkom konceptu autonomije slobodnog građanina, svjetonazornom i kulturnom pluralizmu modernih društava, — tako i uz potporu rapidne globalne ekstenzije tehničko-medijske “komunikacijske” mreže) — u fokus kritičke dijagnoze epohe ili “duhovne situacije vremena” ulaze i glasovi o krizi moderne, o navodnom kraju moderne, o nedovršenom projektu moderne, o pitanju “druge moderne” (Ulrich Beck), o samokritici moderne, o “fundamentalizmu moderne” (Helmuth Dubiel), o neispunjenim obećanjima i/ili teškoćama modernog projekta prosvjetiteljstva, etc. U vokabular ili u šlagvorte te kritičke dijagnostike spadaju i formulacije o “novoj nepreglednosti” svijeta i modernih društava ili o njihovoj kompleksnosti, o “postnacionalnim”, “posthistorijskim” konstelacijama, o “postsekularnim društvima”, o “posthistoriji”o “postliberalnom karakteru društva” itd.

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Ustavni okvir i Zakon o slobodi vjere i pravnom položaju crkava i vjerskih zajednica u BiH: Normativna projekcija bosanskohercegovačkog sekularizma

Author(s): Nedim Begović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 18/2014

Tokom svoje višestoljetne povijesti Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) je bila vjerski heterogena politička zajednica, a odnosi između države i vjerskih zajednica uređivani su prema različitim modelima. U doba osmanske uprave (1463-1878) postojala je bliska povezanost države i islama kao izvora državne ideologije, dok je u razdobljima austrougarske uprave (1878-1918) i stare Jugoslavije (1918-1941) važio model priznatih vjerskih zajednica. Po završetku Drugog svjetskog rata 1946. i stvaranju nove, socijalističke Jugoslavije unutar koje je BiH činila jednu od federalnih jedinica došlo je do radikalnih promjena u pogledu položaja vjere u društvu.

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Church financing in the context of monastery estates secularization

Author(s): Mircea Cricovean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2014

The present study refers to the financing sources of the orthodox clergy in the context of the secularization of monastery estates. The Law on the Secularization of Monastery Estates was adopted and published on 17/29 December 1863. In exchange for the religious assistance offered, the clergy could get from the parishioners money or different donations. Among the financing sources for the clergy we distinguish gifts or the monetary equivalent for services rendered. To the income obtained from the parish where they functioned, the money obtained from different administrative acts issued by the ecclesiastical authorities would also be added. The voluntariate carried out by the parishioners could be viewed as done in the interest of the priest and of the place of worship. The historical event, to which this paper refers, meant for the Romanian clergy the debut of a regime according to which the priest was considered a mere civil servant and the Church entered a period of submission to the state

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La finance islamique, des fondements au système

Author(s): Fatima Zahra Alioui,Zeyneb Guellil,Soufyane Badraoui / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2015

Force est de constater aujourd’hui, que la finance basée sur les préceptes de l’Islam, à savoir la finance islamique, remet violemment en cause notre conception de la finance et de l’économie. Cette nouvelle finance, pour certains, de « toutes les vertus « éthiques » et anti- crise » , ou simple attirail marketing pour d’autres, a au moins le mérite de faire parler d’elle ! Associé finance et Islam, c’est faire le postulat qu’il existe une relation entre économie et religion. Pour comprendre la finance islamique, il faut la considérer, comme un tout, non pas homogène, mais un tout dont les valeurs forment un système qui se veut intrinsèquement éthique.

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Karnavali i Korçës ‐ Rikthim në traditë

Author(s): Vlorë Fetaj – Berisha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 46/2016

In this paper we will present the Carnival tradition of Korça. This traditional ritual, with pagan origin, was acquired by religious traditions, but has managed to be maintained until today. At the time of communism, with the prohibition of religion practice, was banned also the celebration of Carnivals, which according to data, were widespread and widely celebrated, thus creating a tradition of their celebration. With the arrival of democracy they were renewed again, not only in Korça but also in some other towns of Albania as Shkodra, Gjirokastra, which have organized this traditional festival, many years earlier. The carnival has a mythological character but also reveals the vices of society. This year's carnival organized in Korça, was a practical and a representative presentation of this tradition.

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ІДЕЯ ДЕРЖАВИ В НОВОМУ ЗАВІТІ

Author(s): Aleksey Nelubov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2014

Considering the idea of the state in the Holy Scriptures of the New Testament it is necessary to analyze the relation of Christianity to the world in general, as the problem of the state is the part of the general problems of the world. As we know what belongs to the world, inevitably extends to the state. In theological literature is not always possible to find a single explanation of the problem due to the ascetic nature. In this sense, Father Cyprian (Kern) allocates especially Ioan writing.In Scripture "world" is not the concept of the physical world. The Christian view of the world is primarily a concept of God as Creator. Apostle Paul confirms it in Rim.1,20; 1 Tim.4.4. There are many examples that show the love of Christ to the world in the Gospel. In the New Testament are Matthew. 28, 35-35; Mf.22, 1-14; Matthew 25, 31-46. In these cases, the image of the king is near relation to the kingdom of heaven. This Imperial authority, the state were seen Christ in the sense of an act of the established order of ascending to God. There is the distinction between God and Caesar. God recognizes the power of Caesar, but he also speaks of the power of God. In this sense, one can speak of Christ's alienation from the state. There is the confirmation find Romans 13: 1-7. John Zlatoust makes his conclusion that God doesn’t refresh every person in power, but the principle of command. The apostle Paul in 1Tim.2,1-2 asks to pray "for kings and all those in authority," and not the separated king or chief. In his doctrine of the state Apostle Paul concludes similar to that which has been made of the Gospel text of the tribute to Caesar. Apostle Peter in 1Pet.2,13-17 calls for the obedience to the authorities. This was a period of persecution of the church. The obedience to state authority relates to the question of the moral order. So the obedience to him is the moral duty of every Christian. The Evangelist the Theologian John must be seen in the light of the teachings of the world and of God – the Creator.The second reason for rejection of the world can be eschatology. So the first prechristians thought that the world was flagellate and durative which had fast and certain end. The latest historical scholarship unanimously confirmed on eschatology (the study of the end of the world). It takes place in the gospel. It is discussed in the book of Revelation. They have material on the Christian attitude to the state. But the state does not denied.In general the state is a part of the natural order of the world therefore the acceptance of it (the state) is possible as we feel the world. Another important characteristic is the alienation from the state, which occurs simultaneously with the adoption of state power (Evangelist John the Theologian). The observing of the alienation from the state in the Scriptures shows the writers’ struggle against its absolute. As the state as a phenomenon of the natural order, it is linked with the obedience to the state power. Christians should always be obedient to Caesar, who provides order.

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Синтетичке нације као модел закаснеле идентитетске консолидације нација на простору бивше Југославије

Author(s): Ljubiša Despotović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

A model of synthetic nation creation in the state- law ground of former Yugoslavia will experience its intensification in the very first days of breakdown of SFRY with recognition of former Yugoslav republics’ state independency. We will especially endeavour in our work to conceive explanatory model of synthetic nations which isn’t theoretically shaped enough. We will also endeavour to explain the example of Croatian national identity formation, both diachronic and synchronic dimension and factors of its creation.

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Исламска политичка теорија: Теоекономија у покушају

Author(s): Dragan Veselinov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

This essay deals with the theoretical attempt of Islamic authors to base economy named Islamic Economy. This one should be established as an alternative to global market economy and European liberal economic theory, as well as secular state and humanistic ethics. The subject of research of this paper is related to religious principles, scientific notions and economic policies applied by Islamic states and business companies. The essay ends by quoting Islamic authors expressing their different views of the essence of the Islamic economy and their assertions of non- existence of the Islamic economy yet.

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Ставови исламских заједница у Србији према Израелу

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2013

Nowadays, there are three Islamic communities(IC) on Serbia’s territory: „Islamic community of Serbia”; „Islamic Community in Serbia „and” Islamic community of Kosovo”. All of them have political attitudes towards important political questions. From the aspect of Islamic religion and world most important political issue is the question of Palestine, or Jerusalem. Therefore, this is important question for Serbia’s Muslims too. If we have in mind that the attitude towards Palestine is dogmatic one, it is clear that the general attitude towards this question must be based on Islamic dogma. And Islamic dogma is clear- Islam must spread on entire world. However, we can see that spreading of Islam is connected to spreading of Islamic state. Therefore, Islamic state cannot accept the existence of Israel as permanent fact. It means that every Islamic community is against the existence of Israel. The problem is that this fact cannot be always stated in public. Therefore, Islamic communities in Serbia try to level their statements towards the Israel’s future. We will start with „Islamic community of Serbia”. This community is bounded with territory of Serbia and it needs to have good cooperation with state. That’s why it aims to have statements which would not be different from official Serbia’s politics. Official politics of Serbia is that Israel should have its right to existence is safe boundaries. When we have this fact in mind, it is clear that we should analyze public statements from IC of Serbia officers, in order to find how the general Islamic view towards Israel is expressed. On the other hand, we have” IC in Serbia”. The center of this community is in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Sarajevo, and due to that, this community can express its attitude towards Palestinian question more freely. Its attitudes are in general the attitudes of IC in Bosnia and Herzegovina too, but as „ Islamic community in Serbia” is based in Serbia it can be used as a single subject of research. In this work the author will point out the attitudes of this community towards Israel with regards on differences between these two communities, „Islamic community of Serbia” and „Islamic Community in Serbia „ which are operating in Central Serbia. Third Islamic community in Serbia is IC of Kosovo. It operates on a part of Serbia’s territory which declared independence from Serbia and tend to be fully recognized state. Therefore, IC of Kosovo follows the authorities in Prishtina. Prishtina authority’s main ally is USA. Also, USA is the most important ally of Israel. Due to that, IC of Kosovo tends to hide its attitude towards Israel. This community believes that Israel should be eliminated, but on the other hand successfully keep away from saying it openly. This is more important if we know the fact that Wahhabism is in constant progress in Kosovo.

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Религијски оријентисане партије на западном Балкану

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Demolition of single-party system and the disintegration of former Yugoslavia during 1990-ies introduced a policy of political pluralism in all newly established countries. With the introduction of the multiparty system, religion was introduced to the political scene. In all newly established countries, the impact of religion onto politics was felt. Some of the political parties were formed as the primary religious parties and thus they introduced religion as the primary political fact. Other parties although formed as secular ones they indicated that their inspiration comes from religion or tradition related to religion. The influence of these parties in political life and proclaimed democratization, that all of these counties aspire to it is more than clear. This paper will show how these political parties that operates in newly formed countries and how their work contributes to democratization. Special emphasis will be put on the analysis of political differences and political practices that will show us in the best way that the aforementioned parties indeed influence the democratization of political systems in those newly formed countries. Based on that the real picture gain will be acquired showing how political parties inspired by religion can contribute to Euro-Atlantic integration to which all of them declaratively tend to.

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Православни поглед на сукобе, насиље и толеранцију у глобалној перспективи

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

In the analysis of conflicts, war and violence, religion starts to be analyzed as a possible factor that significantly affects this phenomenon. From this point of view, it is important to examine how all the main religions consider these phenomenons. This paper will analyze the views of orthodox forms of Christianity on war, conflicts, violence and tolerance. Orthodoxy is an important form of Christianity, because it is dominant religious system in a large part of the planet. If we bear in mind that Russia itself, as a dominantly Orthodox country at the same time is the surface- largest country in the world, which is under the great influence of Orthodoxy, it is clear that is very important to analyze this phenomenon. How important it is to understand the influence of religion in order to maintain the world peace, it can be seen from the fact that Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev constantly emphasize their connections to the Orthodoxy. Orthodox views of conflicts, war and tolerance are based on primary sources of Christianity, but also has its own specific features that are related to the nature of its teaching and to the conditions in which the Orthodox churches act. This paper will analyze all of the above mentioned factors in order to show that without Orthodoxy it is not impossible to maintain the world peace and to develop tolerance between different religions on the planet.

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Mултикултурно друштво и религија

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

The idea of multiculturality is the dominant idea of regulating relations among members of different cultures and religions in Western Europe, North America and Oceania. It rests on the assumption that the future of the world is to mix different cultures. And their coexistence is quite possible in conditions of equality and the existence of the secular political systems. In this idea West have invested substantial resources and a lot of power. Time, however, shown that this is not an achievable goal. And about that have openly declared all the leading politicians of Western Europe.

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Деконструкција митова либерализма – пример мита о Христу покретачу напредне економије

Author(s): Darko Gavrilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

The first part of paper will try to define the political myths of liberalism and economic liberalism. The second part will be dedicated to the deconstruction of these myths and to the finding of appropriate examples. Throughout the work, especially in the last chapter, the author will show that the myths of liberalism were strongly attached to Christian teaching, not in order to support Christianity as a religion, but in order to take advantage of Christian matrix for own political purposes.

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Исламски екстремизам као облик угрожавања Кине

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

China is one of the major world powers. This fact often masked the problems that such a big country can have. One of them is the Islamic extremism Islamic extremism is related primarily to Turkic ethnic group called the Uyghur . But the religious connection exceed ethnic boundaries and other Muslims from China participate in this movement. China successfully fight this phenomenon but it is far from completely overcome it . Especially as Turkey’s new policy is beginning to show interest for this question. All this jeopardize interests of China in the Islamic world, where China buy the oil.

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Српска православна дијаспора и јединство Православне цркве у САД

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2010

On one territory or in one town can exist only one diocese according to the orthodox ecclesiology. Precisely speaking, it is not good for two orthodox jurisdictions to coincide at the same territory. This fact is not respected in case of the USA, Australia or Western Europe. Therefore, there is more then one diocese in one city, which coincides with each other. If we perceive the position of Serbian Orthodox Church from that point of view, we will very often find on the same territory Serbian Orthodox Church along with other Orthodox jurisdictions of lawfully recognized Orthodox Churches. So, on the same territory we can find Greek, Serbian, Bulgarian, Russian and other Orthodox Churches. On the other side OCA (Orthodox Church in America) has been established in order to gather all Orthodox worshipers in the USA, but so far it has managed to gather only lesser part of Orthodox worshipers. By far most of Orthodox worshipers stayed connected to national churches such as Greek, Serbian, Bulgarian etc. But, on the other hand it is obvious that this Church would like to reintegrate all Orthodox worshipers in the USA. From that point of view, it is clear that interests of Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as other Orthodox Churches, are opposite to politics of OCA (Orthodox Church in America).

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Papierowy relikt, czyli o zasadności posługiwania się określeniem „monarchia absolutna” w stosunku do państw współczesnych

Author(s): Marcin Michał Wiszowaty / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2014

The article concerns the phenomenon of the excessive simplification of terminology. It is particularly visible in the tendency to describe political institutions, which emerged in a different civilization and cultural environment, by using the native concepts, which are not always adequate and do not take into account important differences. The main purpose of the article is to answer the question whether it is appropriate to use the term„absolute monarchy” in order to describe contemporary states, especially outside Europe.The analysis focuses on four countries: Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman and the Vatican. The Author concludes that these countries have some features of an absolute monarchy, but at the same time they have also different features, which raises doubts as to defining them as „absolute monarchy”. The Author proposes an alternative terminology which,in his opinion, is better suited to the specifics of the countries concerned and takes into account the differences that distinguish these countries from traditional absolute monarchies, which existed in Europe. The proposal, which is included in conclusions, is to determine the Vatican as a theocratic monarchy (or hierarchical monarchy). The Author suggests that the three other countries should be referred to as „Islamic autocratic monarchies”.

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The Islamic Ulema(Clergy) and Breakup of Former Yugoslava

Author(s): Miroljub Jevtić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Breakup of Yugoslavia in 90 ties of XX centuries wasn’t surprise. It was product of very objective acts. Many factors did to disintegrate the state. One of them was Islamic priesthood (ulema). This article wants to show that Islamic clergy from the beginning of Yugoslav state was oriented toward its destruction and transformation into Islamic one. But it is very important to underline that this was legitimate from the point of view of Islamic teaching. The communist leaders don’t want to see that. Article shows all activities o Islamic clergy in that direction. Those activities were publics and have been published into newspaper of Islamic community

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Katolička crkva i nacionalizam u Crnoj Gori: beatifikacija i kanonizacija Leopolda Bogdana Mandića

Author(s): Dragutin Papović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

This article analyzes religious, political and national aspects of beatification and canonization Leopold Bogdan Mandić (1866-1942). Mandić is the only Catholic saint who was born in Montenegro. For blessed was declared in 1976, a saint in 1983. In the history of the Catholic Church, he was among the fastest beatified and canonized saints. The reasons for this were numerous. The Vatican is in this way wanted to implement its policy toward the communist regime in Yugoslavia. The Catholic Church in Croatia is keen to use these events to promote Croatian nationalism in Montenegro, especially in the Bay of Kotor, where Mandić was born. The Catholic Church in Montenegro is in this way wanted to preserve and strengthen the Catholic faith in Montenegro where Orthodoxy was dominant. The article was created solely on the basis of archival sources from the fund of the Republican Commission for Religious Affairs of Montenegro.

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