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Eine Beziehung zwischen Relativismus und Nationalsozialismus. Tatsache oder Fiktion?

Author(s): Volker Böhnigk / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2016

According to a certain view that is dominant in historical research, the wide-spread racial doctrines of the twenties and thirties of the last century is said to have advanced relativism. It is argued, that relativism then became the foundation of National Socialist ideology. In the last instance, relativism is accused of having contributed to the Nazi doctrine of racial extermination. Relativism has a long philosophical tradition. The aim of this investigation is to find out how many of the philosophers who supported National Socialism actually held relativistic views. I will show that the assumed correlation between Relativism and National Socialism is a momentous fiction, which paved the way for an (intentional) misrepresentation of the relationship between science and National Socialism.

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Secession: Is It a Remedy?

Author(s): Aleksandar Pavković / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2013

The author successfully oposes the arguments of authors claiming that secession constitutes a legitimate remedy for different social and political wrongs perpetrated against the members of a minority group. He poses 2 key questions: How can secession as transfer of sovereignty and competence to a newly formed state constitute a remedy against the alleged wrongs that lead to the secession, and is secession the sole and most efficient means to remedy the above-mentioned wrongs? The author quotes defenders of secession, who claim that deliberate wrongdoing by the means of systematic repression, unequal distribution of power and resources in a particular state and inability of a group of population to control the decision- making bodies in a particular state are the problems that lead to the secession. He provides valid arguments that each of the above-mentioned problems may be solved in the ways that don’t encompass secession. The author lucidly points out that secession does not necessarily remove the problems which a stateless community may face. He also deals with the controversial views that secession may constitute a legitimate response to systematic violations of human rights of inhabitants of a particular state. The author provides sound arguments disputing Buchanan’s views that an authority loses the right to sovereignty if it systematically violates the rights, pointing out that in secession anarchy and lawlessness may replace one form of rule rather than the transfer of state’s sovereignty to the secessionist powers. He also rejects arguments of those who use Locke’s theory of natural right to revolt as an excuse for the secession.

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Book - Review

Author(s): Haris Ubeyde Dündar / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

Review of: ............Der. Muhammed Hüseyin Mercan, Transformation of the Muslim World in the 21st Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.

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Komparacija konsocijacijske i centrifugalne demokracije: Švicarska i Bosna i Hercegovina

Author(s): Višeslav Raos,Ivan Pepić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/2015

This paper analyzes differences between consociational and centrifugal democracy. It offers a conceptual framework for the two models and compares them through the Swiss and Bosnian-Herzegovinian cases. For the first time, the concept of centrifugal democracy is attributed to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian model of democracy. This attribution is confirmed through an analysis of the historical institutional development, and of existing cleavages and conflicts among political elites. The development of Swiss consociational democracy is examined since 1848, while the development of Bosnian-Herzegovinian centrifugal democracy is assessed since 1878. The paper also considers “political correctives”, which stabilize and direct the work of political elites in Switzerland and Bosnia and Herzegovina. These comprise referenda and popular initiatives in the first case and international community in the second case. The paper concludes with an assessment of a possible process of transformation of Bosnian-Herzegovinian centrifugal democracy into consociational democracy, and provides examples of potential institutional innovations that would follow the Swiss model.

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IR Theory, Difference and Subjectivity: On Conditions of The Possibility of Post-Western IR Theory

Author(s): Muhammed A. Ağcan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The question of difference and multiplicity in IR has been conventionally defined by the particularistic ontology of the sovereign-state based on a certain understanding of the relationship between humanity and socio-political community. In the last three decades by bringing gender, race, class, post-sovereign socio-political communities, cultural-civilizational identities etc. into IR, critical international relations theories have sought to rethink the international as being conscious of its historico-cultural settings and recognizing multiple ethico-political worlds and international imaginations in contemporary human societies. The recent debate on post-Western IR theory emerging within this conceptual-historical context seeks to problematize Eurocentrism in IR and to find ways to include non/post-western historico-cultural worlds, socio-political formations and international imaginations. Postcolonial account of this scholarly debate focuses on the colonial relations of international politics originated in the world historicity of European modernity/capitalism defending the co-constitution of self and other and accordingly develops the postcolonial subjectivity. This article critically engages with this debate on post-Western IR theory and specifically postcolonial standpoint by asking whether, how or to what extent we could conceptualize differences of non/post-Western subjectivities. More precisely the article will examine the idea of postcolonial subjectivity in terms of its possibility to do justice to the differences of non-Western subjectivities and will argue for the significance of their self-understanding/conceptualizations on the basis of philosophical-scientific and historico-cultural justifications in dealing with the question of difference/multiplicity.

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Acting Together: The Art of Collective Improvisation in Theatre and Politics

Author(s): Sonja Vilč / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper analyzes the concept of collective improvisation and draws out its potentials for social and political theory. Translating the ideas of collective improvisation from their original context in the theatre into the field of political thought, I argue that they offer a new understanding of political action by reevaluating the concepts of dissensus (Rancière) and community (Nancy), as well as the ways in which politics as a system needs to produce collectively binding decisions (Luhmann). I conclude that the ideas inherent in the practice of collective improvisation, as it has been developed within the tradition of modern theatre improvisation, subvert our intuitive ways of thinking about politics and thereby offer an alternative model of being and acting together.

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The Intersubjectivist Conception of Autonomy: Axel Honneth’s Neo-Hegelian Critique of Liberalism

Author(s): Marjan Ivković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper reconstructs Axel Honneth’s Neo-Hegelian critique of the classical-liberal conception of autonomy and his articulation of an alternative view of personal autonomy as the property of certain types of intersubjective relations of recognition in modernity, developed most systematically in Honneth’s recent work Freedom’s Right (Das Recht der Freiheit). The analysis of Freedom’s Right focuses on reconstructing Honneth’s critique of the ‘negative’ and ‘reflexive’ types of freedom (autonomy) articulated within the liberal tradition, and contrasting the former two with the conception of ‘social freedom’ (the intersubjectivist conception of autonomy) that Honneth formulates through a detailed ‘normative reconstruction of modernity’. Finally, the paper considers the proximity of Honneth’s ‘Hegelian liberalism’ to communitarianism.

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Politika u svjetlu radikalne kritike

Author(s): Esad Zgodić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 03/1997

Još od kraja 16. vijeka, obrazovani Bošnjaci, sa Hasanom Kafijom Pruščakom u pročelju, uočavajući spoljne manifestacije i znakove unutarnjeg, običajno-moralnog miniranja moći Osmanske države, prolazili su kroz iskustva kritičkog promišljanja društva, politike i države. Zavisno od svoje opće svjetonazorske orijentacije kao i od karaktera "užih disciplina" unutar kojih se iskazivalo njihovo duhovno stvaralaštvo (logika, dijalektika, retorika, dogmatika, ali i poezija, etika, politika ili historiografija, naprimjer) njihova je kritička misao poprimala različita utemeljenja, ogledala se oko raznovrsnih sadržaja i time određivala razinu apstraktnosti u svojim rezultatima kao i svoje ambicije u odnosu na fakticitet osmanske društvene i političke zbilje.

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Liberalističko-komunitaristička rasprava: tačke nerazumijevanja

Author(s): Charles Taylor / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2000

Često slušamo raspravu o razlikama između “komunitarista” i “liberala” u društvenoj teoriji, posebno u teoriji pravde. Svakako, u raspravu su uključena dva “tima”, ljudi kao što su Rawls, Dworkin, Nagel i Scanlon (tim L), te ljudi poput Sandela, Maclntyrea i Walzera (tim K). Među njima ima izvornih razlika, ali smatram da također, tu ima i dosta tačaka nerazumijevanja, konfuzije u toj cijeloj raspravi. To je zbog toga što se dva potpuno različita problema pokušavaju staviti pod jedan. Njih ćemo nazvati ontološkim pitanjima i pitanjima zagovaranja.

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Spor liberalizam/komunitarizam i komunikativna etika

Author(s): Kenneth Baynes / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2000

Najnovija razmjena gledišta između liberala i njihovih kritičara komunitarista pokreće niz važnih pitanja ne samo u pogledu oblika demokratske prakse nego i načina opravdanja primjerenih političkim idealima otjelovljenim u demokratskim režimima. Ona, naprimjer, traži da razmotrimo kako bi se “politika zajedničkog dobra” mogla razlikovati od “politike prava”, te koju bi pravu ulogu trebala imati sudska obnova postupka u ustavnom demokratskom režimu. Ali ona također traži da iznova ustanovimo kako se zahtjevi za osnovnim pravima i distributivnim principima najbolje opravdavaju neovisno od, i prije, njihovog ustavnog priznavanja. Da li politički ideali i institucije koje cijenimo zahtijevaju u svoju odbranu opću i koherentnu političku moralnost (kao što to Dworkin dokazuje) ili je najviše čemu se možemo nadati narativno tumačenje i razjašnjenje zajedničkih značenja latentnih u našim društvenim praksama (što je Walzer nedavno ustvrdio)?

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Pluralizam i samoobrana

Author(s): Nancy L. Rosenblum / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2000

Liberalna politička misao se razvijala kao odgovor na opore stvarnosti samovolje i prinude; ona je također bila pozitivno nadahnuta prosvjećivanjem, autonomijom i samoostvarenjem. Međutim, politička teorija ponekad nalazi i svoje dodatne izvore u sasvim intuitivnim odgovorima na politički život i na ideje koje ga opravdavaju. U najmoćnije intuitivne odgovore se ubrajaju romantične averzije prema svemu što je hladno i instrumentalno, bezlično ili odbojno. Danas su ove averzije široko prisutne. Došli smo dotle da ih očekujemo i zahtjevamo, pogotovu u kritikama liberalizma.

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Az örök Valaki (Ilonszki Gabriella: Pártok, jelöltek, képviselők)

Author(s): Balázs Böcskei / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2016

Ilonszki Gabriella (szerk.): Pártok, jelöltek, képviselők. Budapest, Szabad Kéz, 2015. 220 oldal.

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Multikulturalizam

Author(s): Charles Taylor / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/1995

Brojni tokovi u savremenoj politici usmjeravaju se ka potrebi, ponekad zahtjevu, za priznavanjem Potreba je, može se ustvrditi, jedna od pogonskih snaga koje stoje iza nacionalističkih pokreta u politici. A zahtjev izbija na čelo na više načina u današnjoj politici, u ime manjina ili "potčinjenih" grupa, u nekim formama feminizma, te u onom što se danas naziva politikom "multikulturalnosti".

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Doprinos Hasan Kafije Pruščaka teološkim i šerijatskopravnim znanostima

Author(s): Muharem Omerdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/1995

Jedan u plejadi izuzetno značajnih bosanskih pisaca i naučnika svakako je Hasan Kali Pruščak. Njegovi spisi obogatili su naše podneblje i učinili ovu zemlju i ovaj narod poznatijim u svijetu. Prije nekoliko godina u Saudijskoj Arabiji na dva univerziteta - Medinskom i Rijadskom, odbranjena su dva magistarska rada utemeljena na Kafijinim djelima. Taj će interes, sigurno, u budućnosti biti još dublji, a proučavanje njegove misli i uloge koju je imao u svom vremenu još preciznije, posebno utjecaja koje je izvršio na generacije naučnika u svome rodnom Prascu i šire.

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Hasan Kafija Pruščak - naučnik, mislilac i društveni reformator

Author(s): Sulejman Grozdanić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/1995

Hasan Kafija Pruščak, jedan tako krupan mislilac i plodan stvaralac iz područja gotovo svih humanističkih naučnih disciplina krajem 16. i početkom 17. vijeka u Bosni, nije se mogao samoniklo pojaviti i nije mogao steći tako široko i temeljito obrazovanje i usvojiti izrazito kritički način mišljenja izćlovano i bez veze sa svojim užim i širim kulturnim okruženjem. To je tim značajnije što je on najveći dio svog života, od rođenja i osnovnog i srednjeg školovanja pa do dugih godina zrelog i plodnog stvaralaštva i konačnog kraja, proveo u Bosni i u svom rodnom Pruscu. Hoću reći da je stanje obrazovanja, nauke, kulture i uopće duha bilo takvo da je moglo da iznjedri markantnu intelektualnu pojavu' Pruščakove ličnosti i njegovu inteligenciju, radoznalost, kritičnost, široko i svestrano obrazovanje, sistematičnost i stvaralački genij.

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POLITYCZNE DZIAŁANIA AMERYKAŃSKIEJ PARTII DEMOKRATYCZNEJ OD POŁOWY XIX WIEKU DO ROKU 1945 W OCENIE REPREZENTANTÓW SZKOŁY AUSTRIACKIEJ. WSTĘP DO ANALIZY I INTERPRETACJI WYBRANYCH PROBLEMÓW

Author(s): Wojciech Szabaciuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

This article is an attempt to analyze and interpret the evaluation of the politicians of the American Democratic Party in the period from the second half of the 19th century to 1945, which was conducted by representatives of the Austrian School. This article shows that the Democratic Party, from the political group which conforms to laissez faire, individual liberties, and the free trade was later to become a party, which support subsidies, “war for democracy” and the state-sponsored works. The account which was adopted by the representatives of the Austrian School was support for the market economy and personal liberties, and all violations of these issues have become of the subject of their criticism. In this article the author used an interpretative method and content analysis.

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Људска природа и stasis: о Тукидидовом утицају на Хобсову науку о политици

Author(s): Vladimir Ž. Milisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 159-160/2016

This paper assesses the influence of Thucydides on Hobbes’s conception of man and, more generally, on his model of “Civil Science”. This influence can be traced back to the time when Hobbes worked on his translation of Thucydides’s history of the Peloponnesian War. Already at that time, Hobbes characterized Thucydides as the “the most politic historiographer that ever writ”, i.e. the historian whose work contributed the most to the true knowledge of politics. The main argument of the paper is that Hobbes’s admiration for the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War can be best explained by Thucydides’s ability to portray the essential conflictuality of politics. This thesis is confirmed by a comparative analysis of some important themes in Thucydides’s historical narrative and several major theoretical statements of Hobbes’s anthropology and political theory. There is an unmistakable similarity, which has often been commented on, between Hobbes’s account of the three principal causes of conflict between individuals in the state of nature – Competition, Diffidence and Glory – and the three main human instincts to which the Athenians appeal, in a speech that Thucydides conveys, to justify their striving for power. However, Thucydides influenced Hobbes mostly by his descriptions of internal war. The final part of the article examines in this light two topics from Thucydides’s famous description of the stasis which took place in Corcyra – the impossibility of justice and the perversion of language in time of sedition in the polis.

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Marks, Horkheimer, Bauman, Harman. Globalizacja a problem emancypacji społecznej

Author(s): Halina Walentowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2012

The article confronts Karl Marx’s groundbreaking projection of globalization with the statements of modern theoreticians like Max Horkheimer, Zygmunt Bauman and Chris Harman, which are linked to the marxist concept of historical materialism. Author shows the difference between the optimistic vision of social order based on the peaceful coexistence of the integrated humanity, which can be found in Marx’s works, and the negative economical, political, social and psychological consequences of the actual stage of globalization – described by Marx’s modern followers. In the Marx’s idea of “social emancipation” the liberty is harmonized with equality, however, according to Horkheimer, the “administrated world” puts an end to liberty, doing so in her name, on the other hand, according to Bauman, the “disorder” born in the globalizing world excludes both liberty and equality. Reference to Chris Harman servers for the purpose of reminder, that even although, the capitalist system is evolving, it’s essence remains the same, because the capital – at present, and at the times of Marx – is the vampire, living by sucking blood from the proletariat. British theoretician, like Marx before, sees the emancipation capability inside the working class – which now is the most numerous since the beginning of capitalism.

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A liberális rendet „megbuherálták”

Author(s): Judit Pethő-Szirmai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

Colgan, Jeff D. & Keohane, Robert O.: The Liberal Order is Rigged = Foreign Affairs, May – June 2017, 36-44. p.

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O strategii a operacích – stručný exkurz do historie vojenství

Author(s): Ján Spišák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2013

The basic orientation in the field of military art demands at least elementary knowledge of military history and understanding to military strategy influence on the art of war. The questions tied to understanding military strategy and its influence on the preparation and conducting military operations are part of study programmes of all life education at the Defence University. The purpose of this article, dedicated to military strategy problems, is deeper understanding to its basic connections, understanding a direction the strategy took in a designated period and its development. I ought to explain in short its role and attitude towards the nature of military operations.

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