KOLEKTIVNA SIGURNOST I NJEZINI MEHANIZMI U PAKTU LIGE NARODA

Author(s): Gordan Struić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3-4/2017

Although the idea of collective security has long existed in the history of international relations, the League of Nations was the first modern international organisation based on the idea of collective security at the global level. In this context, the author aims at giving a systematic review of collective security and its mechanisms comprised in the Covenant of the League of Nations. To this end, after introductory considerations and a short review of the conceptual definition, postulates, roots, and critiques of collective security, the paper discusses its mechanisms in the Covenant of the League of Nations in order to examine, firstly, which provisions encompassed these mechanisms and what they were composed of and secondly, why these mechanisms failed to achieve their purpose. For this reason, the conclusions in this paper rely on a normative analysis of the Covenant of the League of Nations, as well as on the specific examples from the history of international relations during the period considered.

A populizmus vizsgálata demokráciaelméleti perspektívában

Author(s): Attila Antal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

Our thinking about democracy has been fundamentally reshaped by populism, and the relationship between populism and democracy has become one of the key questions in the academic literature. This study aims to provide an overview of key features of the political literature that foregrounds populism in the context of democracy. It is important to stress that this is only one part of the literature on populism: many consider populism as a distinct ideology or as a technique of political communication; this review will only consider research that connects populism directly with democracy, which I consider to be important to bring us to a fuller understanding of the phenomenon. This study will highlight in particular two streams of thinking, one characterizing populism as a ‘pathology’ of democracy, the other theorizing it as a subtype of democracy.

Kritika Fazlurahmanovih osnova rekonstrukcije religijskog mišljenja u islamu

Author(s): Seid Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

Fazlur Rahman was a professor of Islamic Studies and Philosophy at prominent universities in England and America. He became the head of the Central Islamic Research Institute in Karachi a few years after the state of Pakistan was internationally recognized. At the request of the president of his homeland, he is actively committed to defining the religious strategies of the new state, which will be based on the cognitive principles of Islam and at the same time aligned with the changing needs of the modern world. Until the end of his life, and chiefly as a professor of the University of Chicago, Fazlur Rahman tirelessly explained that Muslims would not benefit from modernity until they established the correct model of understanding of the essence of religion in modern times. He believes that in traditional Islamic knowledge we cannot find adequate answers to the complex challenges of modern life and therefore proposes new basic guidelines for the interpretation of the Quran and Islam. Fazlur Rahman primarily stresses the importance of noticing the difference between the unchanging principles of Islam and historical Islam. In his view, all social teachings of the Quran in the form of Islamic regulations were established in the historical context of the needs of the first Muslim community, which means that these regulations are no longer credible today. Fazlur Rahman’s model would practically evolve in the following manner: in the first step, we focus on history and analyze the historical contexts of the Quranic teachings, with the intention of recognizing and separating the general principles of the Quran. In the second step, the general principles thus obtained are aligned with the circumstances of the modern era with the help of modern social, political and economic sciences, and through this we come to formulate new social regulations of Islam. However, using the method of analyzing the contents of Fazlur Rahman’s highly influential works, we will notice serious methodological weaknesses in his extreme reformist approach. His knowledge of the prominent theological heritage of the Muslims was obviously not vast enough, and he also did not try to exhaust all the possibilities of the rich instruments of the traditional Islamic methodology of jurisprudence. Our conclusion is that Fazlur Rahman’s platform for the reconstruction of religious thought paves the way for the dominance of secularized Islam, despite the fact that Fazlur Rahman himself was most concerned of such a possibility.

Филозофско порекло теорије друштвеног уговора

Author(s): Tanja Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2017

This paper shows the origin of the idea of a social contract in Greek ancient philosophy. The Greeks first discovered this idea in their mythological and cosmological notions. Sophists developed it on the basis of natural law. During its evolution in Greek ancient philosophy the social contract was differently understood: sometimes in a unity with natural law, sometimes in opposition to it. Socrates pointed out the abstract nature of the social contract, while Plato and Aristotle tried to solve the contradictions set by the sophists. The origins of these ideas are very important, because modern and contemporary theories of social contract which use both different customary language and are based on different rationalization of the notion of nature are in part developed on a logic similar to that which can be found in Greek ancient philosophy.

Historia i polityka – światy przeciwstawne? Na marginesie myśli Juliusza Mieroszewskiego

Author(s): Tomasz Ceran / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2010

The article described Juliusz Mieroszewski 's reflections about relations between history and politics, research the past events, understand the present situation and predict the futurę, especially in international relations. The most influential political commentator of polish magazine ‘Culture’ (edited by Jerzy Giedroyć in Paris) claimed that history is the politics which had been stopped but politics can’t be the 'unmovable’ and unchangeable history. The Polish had been studying a history, but polish po¬litical science didn’t have the opportunity to born. If we change a half of time which we focus on the past into studying the present, polish political though will be recover and have a great futurę. However ‘Londonman’ (a pen name of Mieroszewski, who lived and wrote in London after the Second World War) was aware that without historical knowledge the political science have a little chance to understand the present and shape the futurę on purpose. According to writer the political science and inter¬national relations are a very young sons of old father - the history. They must using their father’s experience. However they won’t find in the past a simple and direct So¬lutions of present dilemmas. History offer only a wide perspective and knowledge about variety of social and political live. Mieroszewski had known that live and poli¬tics are not logical but our tasks is to make it more logical. We don’t have better options.

Elméleti alapvetés a Szocializmus, mint modernizációs alternatíva című vitához

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/1985

Sztálini kommunizmus és kommunista liberalizmus

Author(s): Csaba Balta / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/1985

Četiri ogledala za vladara. Leo Strauss ili prva etida iz metodološke polifonije

Author(s): Luka Ribarević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01-02/2016

the first in a series of four articles on the relation between history of political ideas’ methodology and interpretation, discussed on the example of Machiavelli’s The Prince, deals with Leo Strauss. Both his method and reading of Machiavelli proved to have a deep impact on the discussion of those themes in the second half of the twentieth century. the aim of the article is to show the connection between Strauss’ methodological standpoint and interpretation based on it. In the introductory part of the article I will discuss Strauss’ methodological point of view: first in respect of its more abstract version expounded in Persecution and the Art of Writing and then regarding its more specific form developed in his study devoted to Machiavelli himself, Thoughts on Machiavelli. the central part deals with Strauss’ interpretation of The Prince. Finally, in the last part Strauss’ methodology and his interpretation is confronted with critiques that were formulated by Quentin Skinner, j. G. a. Pocock and Claude Lefort, the three authors with whose methodological standpoints and interpretations of The Prince we will engage in the following articles.

Doprinos Viktora Zaslavskog proučavanju društava sovjetskog tipa

Author(s): Veljko Vujačić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01-02/2016

The author assesses the contribution of victor Zaslavsky to the study of soviet type societies. Zaslavsky’s contribution is also positioned in the intelectual context of sovietology in the 1970’s. the author claims that Zaslavsky’s intimate knowledge of the Soviet system had enabled him to go beyond the limitations of the totalitarian, modernisation and interest-group based approaches to the study of Soviet politics. the crux of Zaslavsky’s original contribution is his development of new concepts which he applied to the study of Brezhnyev’s “real socialism”, such as neostalinist state, state dependent workers, closed enterprises, internal passport system. With the help of these concepts Zaslavsky was more successful in throwing light on the characteristcs of the mature soviet type societies than the proponents of other approaches.

Ljudske potrebe i tržišno-političko društvo

Author(s): Nikola Poplašen / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01+02/1988

In the first part of the text, the author interprets Marxist belief that radicalization as a significant dimension of the socialist revolution is possible. From this point, he criticizes the dehumanization of needs in the profit oriented production, and also in the conditions of political domination as a socialist »dictatorship over needs«. In the second part, the author endeavours to prove the thesis that there is no major difference, with regard to humna needs, between »market« and »political« societies. In both cases, the individual is being moulded and the society integraded in a socially unauthentic way. Therefore, »the market« and »politics« mutualy compensate functional shortcomings, even though in some historical periods one or the other are dominant. In this sense, historic possibility of autonomous individual articulation of needs as well as social integration according to the model of free human associations is quite uncertain.

Povodom stogodišnjice od objavljivanja "Fabijanskih eseja o socijalizmu"

Author(s): Vesna Đukić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 05+06/1987

Sveukupnost društvenih odnosa u Velikoj Britaniji, njihova složenost i protivrečnost, brojni problemi i različitost metoda njihovog rešavanja, međuigra političkih partija, napori u očuvanju osnova političkog poretka su često nepoznanica brojnim posmatračima i poznavaocima britanske političke javnosti. Možda bi neki od složenih društvenih procesa bili lakše razumljivi ukoliko se ima u vidu latentno ali kontinuirano delovanje neformalne grupe koju čine pripadnici Fabijanskog društva, čiji su pojedini članovi neretko uticali na ključne odluke britanske vlade.

Demokrácia – parlamentarizmus – diktatúra. Ottlik László 1929–1935 közötti politikatudományi nézeteinek rekonstrukciója

Author(s): József Szabadfalvi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

The study aims at reconstructing the central categories of László Ottlik’s political science views. In his studies published between 1929 and 1935, he sought to give a new approach to the issues and interrelations of democracy, parliamentarism and dictatorship. With his peculiar interpretation of modern political systems between the two World Wars, Ottlik renewed the contemporary „state centric” Hungarian political science thinking.

A politikatudomány és a történelem visszatérése

Author(s): Milán Pap / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Csizmadia Ervin: A magyar politikai fejlődés logikája. Összehasonlítható-e a jelen a múlttal, s ha igen, hogyan? Budapest, Gondolat, 2017

Politička filozofija Roberta Nozicka: kontroverzni libertarijanizam

Author(s): Petar Šturanović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/150/2018

The author analyzes Nozick’s political philosophy of minimal state, to present its significance and disadvantages objectively. The author focuses on Nozick’s view of the emergence of the state by the act of the invisible hand of the dominant protective association, from the ultraminimal state to the minimal state. The central part of the paper is Nozick’s theory of justice, where the author points out its specific weaknesses and inconsistencies. In the context of a theoretical debate with John Rawls on the central issue of distributive justice, the focus is on criticizing the modelled concept of justice. The author also problematizes Nozick’s perception of certain segments of Marxist theory, to find ideological exclusivity. Finally, the author comments on Nozick’s abandonment of libertarian worldviews, giving an objective perspective on his political philosophy.

„Kádári” minták a magyar fiatalok körében. A szocializmus öröksége a magyar fiatalok politikai magatartásában és attitűdjeiben

Author(s): Viktor Papházi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2018

The prevalence of the Kádár era’s heritage in Hungarian political culture is a well-known topic in Hungarian political literature. However, it is uncertain whether the behaviour patterns and attitudes that constitute the heritage of socialism are present in the political culture of the generation born during or after the period of the regime change. How much did young people now coming of age inherit their parents’ political culture? And if they have certain behaviour patterns reminiscent of the political culture of the Kádár era, can their Kádárian origin be proved? The aim of the paper is to try to prove that some of Hungarian youth’s political behaviour patterns is indeed – at least partially – of Kádárian origin. To do so, the behaviour patterns considered as typical of the Kádár era and present among young Hungarians, and the judgement of the Kádár period will be compared. According to the results, the presence of patterns considered as Kádárian does explain why young people prefer the Kádár era to the present regime. This confirms the hypothesis that these patterns/attitudes can mean a Kádárian heritage in the case of the young Hungarian generation.

Od pochwały „demokracji szlacheckiej” do krytyki „rządu monarchiczno‑demokratycznego”

Author(s): Rafał Lis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2018

The article presents main doctrinal trends within the tradition of noble republicanism at the end of the Four Year Seym, affected especially by the Confederacy of Targowica (1792). Acknowledging different attitudes of earlier exponents of noble republicanism towards social issues (especially in the works of Adam Rzewuski and Wojciech Turski), it suggests that this tradition, taken as a whole, willingly identifying with the notion of ‘democracy’, was still in the position to work out a more modern stance. But significantly enough, such a doctrinal development was no longer possible after the announcement of the Confederacy of Targowica. Now, eagerly connoting the extremes of the French Revolution with democracy per se, the exponents of a new political rhetoric not only defended a traditional form of a republic but also the social status quo. The author suggests that this changes indicates a shift from a more ‘democratic’ characteristic of noble republicanism to a strongly class-oriented defence of social privileges, leaving, eventually, less and less room for a more promising and challenging republican stance. Although most of these traits can be already discerned in the narratives of such conservative representatives of noble republicanism as Seweryn Rzewuski, Leonard Olizar and Szczęsny Potocki, it was especially Józef Kossakowski, analyzed in the concluding parts of the article, who was the best exponent of this phenomenon.

Fizyokrasi ve Vergiler: Tarihsel Toplumsal Bir Analiz

Author(s): Zeynep Ağdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the study is to make an historical and social analysis of the Physiocrat approach and its predecessors and try to understand the arguments focusing on taxes. The study tries to understand the social conditions of the period through the features and contradictions of the absolute monarchy. The predecessors of the Physiocratic theory, Vauban and Boisguilbert, and then the fundamental theses of the Physiocratic theory were evaluated by considering the contradictions of the absolute monarchy. Consequently, the theoretical responses of all three approaches regarding tax type, tax payer, tax object, tax rate and tax collection were evaluated by taking into consideration the social conditions of the period.

„CINE NU-I GATA…”: SOCIALISMUL ȘI TEMA AUTENTICITĂȚII SOCIALISMULUI CA MIZE ALE MODERNIZĂRII ROMÂNEȘTI LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XX

Author(s): Henrieta Anișoara Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2019

Romanian modernization meant for the Romanian left, as well, a search among the European forms, for the selection of the most offering ones, in terms of country’s development and progress. During the first part of the 20th century, socialism was a promising European political form: the idea that the unavoidable finalities of history and modern politics are the socialist development, socialist consciousness and the socialist regime were an essential part of the newest trends expressing the transforming spirit of the epoch and this idea passed as indisputable truth for a sizable and heterogeneous mass of what we would call now “disenfranchised”. Idealism was combined with the pragmatic socialist drive for change. A powerful socialist feeling animating change and political struggle was idealist and indicated that “ideas are immortal and cannot be deterred as a water that cannot be stopped by dams and water stops” and, “as a struggling water force it could not have been impeded by armies, calumnies or jail”, “passing through forward and transforming society” (I. C. Frimu). This emphasizes the aspects of transformation and struggle were both present in the socialist trend and they have evolved as well together, in socialism, and separately in social-democracy and, respectively, in syndicalism. The socialist ideas grow and mature in the same rhythm as the socialist consciousness and a Romanian political and economic environment to which the socialist actions and opinions answer specifically both by relating to the internationalism of the socialist ideas and to the problems of development and modernization that are characteristic to the Romanian national state. Within the political discourse of the left, the theme of the authenticity of Romanian socialism stands out as a stake of national modernity.

DESKRYPTYWNE I NORMATYWNE KONCEPCJE IDEOLOGII

Author(s): Łukasz Dulęba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2019

The paper discusses the problem of categorizing the concept of ideology, which in contemporary political theory is returning as a concept with a heavily descriptive meaning. This perspective is the retreat from the more common, but pejorative sense of the ideology as false consciousness. The paper attempts to distinguish the descriptiveness or normativity of meanings of historical concepts of ideology. This critical review is to sensitize researchers in the field of social sciences that the applicability of the concept of ideology relates to the conceptual burden. Analyzing these approaches, the author tries to verify the cognitive meaning of the concept.

Toward a law of healthy peoples: From the Perspective of the Right to Health

Author(s): Yusheng Tan / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

With the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the international community is forced to face the global health crisis again. Even though, throughout the course of history, the human race has seldom succeeded in getting rid of infectious diseases and global health inequalities completely. Faced with this tragic situation and extreme inequality, some philosophers have put forward some exciting plans, and it is undoubtedly regrettable that Rawls, one of the most outstanding contemporary political philosophers and ethicists, has not addressed this issue in his The Law of Peoples. However, if Rawls wants its philosophical blueprint for the future world – the law of peoples as a “realistic utopia” to be feasible, he has to face the challenges of global health and make a reasonable response. Otherwise, the magnificent building of this “realistic utopia” will collapse. Therefore, the author tries to develop Rawls’ international justice theory by introducing the idea of the right to health into the law of peoples, so as to hopefully provide a feasible philosophical plan to solve the global health problems.