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LOCUL, ROLUL ȘI CARACTERISTICILE SISTEMULUI NAȚIONAL DE COMUNICAȚII ȘI INFORMATICĂ ÎN OPERAȚIILE DE STABILITATE ȘI DE SPRIJIN

Author(s): Manuel-Florin Onofrei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 04/2018

In this article are presented the main characteristics of the stability and support operations and of the Deployable Communication and Information Module, which represents the element of the national communications and information system used by the Romanian Army in these operations. A particular attention was given to the analysis of the limitations identified as a result of using this system in stability and support operations. Finally, as a conclusion, we emphasize the importance of redesigning this system, in order to join the Federated Mission Networking concept, of achieving the federated environment for mission networks.

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ANALIZA LEGISLAŢIEI ANTITERORISTE ROMÂNE. PERSPECTIVĂ COMPARATIVĂ ASUPRA REGLEMENTĂRILOR INTERNE

Author(s): Robert Dragos / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The 9/11 terrorist attacks upon the United States urged Romania to criminalise terrorist acts by adopting the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 141/2001 on punishment of terrorist acts and breaching the public order provisions. The first stage of response, the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 141/2001, becomes insufficient to prevent and fight efficiently against terrorism, as a result in 2004 is adopted Law no. 535/2004 on preventing and combating terrorism, a complex law which consists of five chapters and 47 articles. Several amendments have been made to the Law in order to respond adequatly and efficiently to emerging threats. The paper presents a comparative analysis between the GEO no. 141/2001 on punishment of terrorist acts and breaching the public order provisions and Law no. 535/2004 on preventing and combating terrorism.

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Rozpoznawalność agencji ratingowych a wpływ na kursy akcji

Author(s): Patrycja Chodnicka - Jaworska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8.2/2016

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of credit rating changes on the rate of return of stock prices of selected European banks. In covers literature reviews and gives hypotheses: the banks’ credit ratings changes significantly the influence on the abnormal rates of return of stock prices for both increasing and decreasing notes; the impact on the strength of banks’ stock prices on credit rating changes is determined by the political division. The data were collected from the Thomson Reuters database. For analysis the daily logarithmized rates of return of stock prices and long-term banks’ credit ratings are used. The hypotheses were verified by taking the event study methodology.

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META-EVALUATION - AN ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION TOOLS OF THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION POLICIES IN ROMANIA FOR THE FINANCIAL FRAMEWORKS 2007 - 2013 AND 2014 – 2020

Author(s): Ecaterina Comis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

According to the EU regulations, the policy evaluation is compulsory, for the European Union but also the Member States, as established by the Lisbon Treaty (article no. 156). The purpose of this paper is to verify if there is a correlation between the accessibility (usability) of evaluation outcomes and the degree of use of these results in the process of substantiating future policies. Subsequently, we aim to identify if the evaluation tools play an essential role in increasing the use of the evaluation results and in maintaining the EU's role of knowledge generator in the field of evaluation. Supporting the development of an evaluation culture is essential for the EU's effort to understand what works and what is not working and how its policies are functioning in order to enhance cooperation and maximize impact or improve strategies. The case study, presented in this article, aims to identify the appropriate tools for evaluating research and innovation policies to improve the quality, efficiency and coherence of interventions, considering the context of a significant financial allocation for research and innovation in the future EU budget for the financial framework 2021 - 2027. The study it is expected to provide an answer to the question "To what extent were the results of the evaluations used in the process of substantiating the research and innovation policies in Romania?".

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RELIGIOSITY AND POLITICAL TOLERANCE: REASSESING THE RELATIONSHIP

Author(s): Jonathan R. Peterson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Political tolerance––the willingness to afford basic civil rights to individuals or groups that one finds disagreeable––is fundamental to liberal democracy. For several decades, political scientists believed that widespread religious adherence in the United States threatened political tolerance. Recent research casts doubt on the direct relationship between religiosity and political tolerance. However, this research is based on decades-old data or a sample collected from a single county. My study tests the relationship between religiosity and political tolerance using more recent national survey data. It confirms that, although religiosity is related to dogmatism, no direct relationship exists between religiosity and political tolerance.

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MAPPING THE DIGITAL MEDIA FORMATS USED IN AZERBAIJAN

Author(s): Gadirova Nigar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The digital age brings new technologies that influence the work of professional journalists by providing new opportunities whilst touching also upon the methods and the speed of spreading the information, the communication with the audience, the technologies used by journalist and the media formats. The study has two main purposes: to analyze the new mass media formats and their and to observe how well they are represented in Azerbaijan’s mass media. In order to reach these goals, selected literature was reviewed in connection to the topic and mass media websites were observed in Azerbaijan’s online landscape, as well as the presence of mass media in social networks. The result of this analysis is that due to technological development journalists started to use formats more connected with new technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality. In Azerbaijan’s particular case, the main finding is that the digital media formats are present in mainstream websites and social networks pages with the opportunities that they offer.

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Wyjaśnianie empiryczne a wyjaśnianie interpretacyjne działań politycznych

Author(s): Andrzej Czajowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The article arranges issues related to explaining social phenomena, primarily political activities. Three types of explanation are mentioned in the literature: a reason explanation, an interpretative explanation (humanistic, understanding) and an integral explanation combining these two. The author discusses the types of explanation, where he replaces the term “causal explanation” with the term “empirical explanation”. Then he characterizes political activities and their results as an object of explanation. In the last part, on two examples, he examines the practice of empirical and interpretive explanation. With reference to the example of interpretive explanation, he recalls abductive reasoning, i.e. inference to the best explanation. In the interpretation process, in the absence of irrefutable evidence, none of the hypotheses can be confirmed. They can only be enhanced or made more attractive. Considering the imperfections of empirical and interpretive explanation, one should strive to use them complementarily.

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O niezbędności politologicznej interpretacji – subiektywność i narracyjność jako determinanty warsztatu politologa

Author(s): Artur Laska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The author reminds us of the need to view politics both as an objective and subjective phenomenon. He postulates that her study should combine analytical-empirical approach with interpretation. In his understanding, the latter is not identical with the studied reality, but is an attempt to objectify knowledge. The instrumental and mechanistic approach to political processes is completely inadequate, because it ignores the role of emotions, intentions, intelligence, human will and awareness. Political research, however, cannot be limited to interpretation. It is equally important to take into account the structural and material determinants of politics, as well as nature and species. As a result, a conscious researcher has a difficult task to integrate the complex repertoire of methodological tools.

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Whats and Hows? The Practice-Based Typology of Narrative Analyses

Author(s): Grzegorz Bryda / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The nature of qualitative research practices is multiparadigmaticity which creates coexistence of different research and analytical approaches to the study of human experience in the living world. This diversity is particularly observed in the contemporary field of narrative research and data analysis. The purpose of this article is a methodological reflection on the process of developing typology and a proposition of new data-driven and practice-based typology of narrative analyses used by qualitative researchers in the lived experience research. I merge the CAQDAS, Corpus Linguistics, and Text Mining procedures to examine the analytical strategies inherited in a vivid language of English-language research articles, published in five influential qualitative methodological journals between 2002-2016. Using the dictionary-based content analysis in the coding process, hierarchical clustering, and topic modeling – a text-mining tool for discovering hidden semantic structures in a textual body – I confront Catherine Kohler Riessman’s heuristic typology with the data-driven approach in order to contribute the more coherent image of narrative analysis in the contemporary field of qualitative research. Finally, I propose a new model of thinking about the typology of narrative analyses based upon research practices.

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Methodological Challenges in Cross-comparative Surveys

Author(s): Bence Ságvári,Vera Messing,Dávid Simon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Our paper examines the validity of the rotating questionnaire block about perceptions about and attitudes towards democracy included in the sixth round of the European Social Survey (ESS). The preliminary assumptions that inspired our analysis were that respondents’ understanding of the questions formulated in such an internationally comparative survey may be challenged due to diverging theoretical constructions and narratives that feed historically developed notions of ‘democracy.’ Moreover, even within the same country people with a different socioeconomic, ethnic, and educational background may have different perceptions about the same questionnaire ‘items.’ We applied a multi-method approach to analyze the above metho-dological puzzle: a complex statistical analysis of the Hungarian ESS data served to help examine the consistency of answers to individual items and the entirety of the questionnaire block, while supplementary focus group research helped us apprehend the variety of interpretations of and perceptions about the individual items, as well as problems with understanding various terms included in the questions that assessed attitudes towards democracy. Our findings support the initial hypothesis: respondents had obvious difficulties understanding some of the items designed to assess attitudes towards democracy, while many others had differing interpretations. We conclude that even though the ESS is one of the most refined, well-prepared and validated comparative surveys in Europe, the related data cannot be analyzed without careful consideration of what the individual questions might mean in different contexts.

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Mi van a számokon túl? Magyar blue-chip vállalatok negyedéves riportjainak kvalitatív szövegalapú elemzése

Author(s): Péter Hajósi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2020

Processing texts via computers is gaining momentum in political science and on its border territories. Firstly, I provide an overview of relevant research in public policy, secondly, I examine how text mining can be used at the analysis of Hungarian stock market companies’ financial statements. Based on the quarterly reports of the four Hungarian blue-chip companies (OTP, MOL, Gedeon Richter, Magyar Telekom), I test the following hypothesis: 1) it is possible to prove the equity analysts’ general opinion on the way how companies communicate towards market participants and 2) there is a connection between the tone of the quarterly reports and market reaction, namely the price and the volatility of the stock prices. I use the statistical software R to provide dictionary-based tone and lexical diversity analysis, as well as, by following the Wordfish method. These steps partially confirm the hypothesis: I have found a significant connection between report tone and market reaction (prices and volatility) and they also prove the analysts’ opinion on two of the four companies’ communication (Magyar Telekom and MOL). These results confirm that qualitative text mining can be used in the Hungarian market environment. Given the low predicting power of the regression model, however, further analysis is needed, as regards making use of the models in practice. As a consequence, text mining has its relevance in the Hungarian corporate environment, and similarly to other countries, setting up a centralized database collecting financial reports in a unified format would mean a step ahead towards efficient, transparent, and fair communication.

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Models of Causality in Qualitative Political Science Research

Author(s): Karel Kouba / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2009

This contribution aims to introduce three models of causal inference in qualitative research in comparative political science. This paper seeks to establish a basic framework for understanding three distinct ways of causal reasoning, to draw attention to some of their relative advantages and disadvantages and outline how to use them in practical research. The three models include the causal effects model, the configurative model of causality which investigates the combinations of conditions leading to the specific outcomes, and a model based on an analysis of causal mechanisms. These models are applied to specific research problems and methods of empirical testing of political science theories.

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TEORIA GIER REFLEKSYJNYCH JAKO METODA ANALIZY WALKI INFORMACYJNEJ

Author(s): Leszek Sykulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The article is devoted to presenting the possibility of applying the theory of reflexive games in the analysis of contemporary conflicts in the information space. One of the approaches of game theory, created by Russian mathematician and psychologist Vladimir Lefevr, was analyzed in terms of its use in research on information warfare. Research methods appropriate to the social sciences were applied using modeling characteristic of classical game theory and reflexive game logic. First, the terminological convention related to information warfare is presented. Then the theory of reflexive games was presented in the context of its possible use in the analysis of information warfare. The issue of strategic perception management and ideological diversion is discussed.

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Statistical methods as a tool to identify bid-rigging: the case of local authorities

Author(s): Łukasz Ziarko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Motivation: Disclosure of bid-rigging is not a trivial process. The main difficulty lies in the secrecy of such an agreement. Also, the signals of collusion can be ambiguous. It, therefore, appears that only a tiny percentage of such collusive agreements are disclosed. Of the disclosed conspiracies, a significant proportion was identified due to information from contracting authorities. We have a catalogue of indicators for collusion, and statistical methods are particularly effective. What is the role of statistical methods in revealing bid-rigging? What determines their use in practice? In order to answer these questions, a questionnaire study was carried out. The survey covered local government units — the dominating group of contracting authorities. Aim: The research aimed to identify the factors characterising local government units that foster statistical methods as a standard bid evaluation tool. Results: The survey results indicate that using a statistical method as standard practice in the process of bids evaluation is related to the level of staff’s professional expertise, the size of the procurement team and the size of the local authority. Concerning the risk of collusive bidding, respondents recognise it but believe that it does not significantly impact the achievement of procurement policy objectives. Despite a sense of responsibility for combating bid-rigging, respondents are reluctant to use statistical methods on a daily basis.

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Renewing Realist Constructivism: Does It Have Potential as a Theory of Foreign Policy?

Author(s): Eva Michaels / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

This article raises the possibility of de- and reconstructing realist constructivism for the purpose of studying foreign policy, with an emphasis on explaining and forecasting change and continuity. I discuss why Samuel Barkin’s explication of realist constructivism has in my view struggled to take off as an IR perspective and which tenets appear problematic, especially when applying them to foreign policy. I suggest a way of revitalising realist constructivism across three layers of theorising: political ontology, explanatory theory, and praxis. Constructivism’s “open ontology”offers a meeting point with classical realism, together with its (less deterministic and more interpretivist) explanatory approach. Classical realism adds to the third layer with its focus on practice sensibility, including the choices actors make in highly uncertain contexts. Its strong interest in discovering the truth of politics is important here. I argue that such a synthesis, which is informed by Ned Lebow’s conceptualisation of causation as “inefficient”, could be well-suited to unpack the complex reality of foreign policy. I seek to make the case for realist constructivism as a dynamic thinking tool, among others when investigating the effects of material, intersubjective and subjective factors on foreign policy decisions and outcomes. While my propositions can only be sketched here, the goal is to encourage further debate about the value of realist constructivism, which has ebbed since the mid-2000s.

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CHRISTOPHER M. WEIBLE, SAMUEL WORKMAN - METHODS OF THE POLICY PROCESS

Author(s): Zdravko Petak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 19/2022

Review of Zdravko Petak - Christopher M. Weible, Samuel Workman, METHODS OF THE POLICY PROCESS, Routledge, New York i London, 2022., 285 str.,

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Parliament Overshadowing Supreme Court Judgements in India: A Game of Ethics.

Author(s): Prabhpreet Singh,Nehal Dashottar,Amishi Basnotra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The Principles of separation of power form the backbone of most democratic nations in the world. This system of governance also incorporates checks and balances. Parliament, Executive, and Judiciary have well-defined powers and functions within the constitutional Framework. The judiciary is vested with the power to check the legitimacy of laws. This power enables the judiciary to review the constitutionality of laws on the touchstone of the constitution. This paper deals with case study of two important cases which includes Common Cause and Government of NCT Delhi. In both the cases court declared the actions of parliament invalid. Parliament passed the amendments to overshadow the ruling of the Supreme Court. Such actions in democracy disturb the governance of the country. Also, such practices in the state are considered unethical. Therefore, this paper highlights such practices in reference to the ethical standard set by the Constitution of India.

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TRANSGRESYWNY CHARAKTER PISARSTWA W POLU TEORII POLITYKI

Author(s): Magdalena Ozimek-Hanslik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The thesis of this paper is the claim that the characteristic of writing in the field of theory of politics is its trangressiveness, i.e., exceeding certain norms. It means that it is arguing with scientificity pattern, i.e., formal rules that consti- tute the current criterion of scientificity. Adopt- ing a theory of politics perspective, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s achievements, allows to show that definition of science is the stake in the game in the scientific field and the subfield of theory of politics. The aim of this paper is to show that the transgressive character of theory of politics writing is not unscientific, but it is rather a form of negotiations of the very norms of science by crossing the rigid patterns of writing, and its unconventional form is determined by its subject.

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Metodologiczne problemy dotyczące badania związków polityki z prawem

Author(s): Zbigniew Blok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2022

Research on the relations between politics and law has rich tradition, enjoys considerable scientific interest, and has significant perspectives for the future. It does not, however, mean that all of the methodological problems have been solved – and this is a necessary condition for conducting such a common political-legal research that would be reliable and cognitively effective. In the article, an attempt has been made to consider the main methodological challenges that should be over- come if common research of political scientists and legal scholars is to create new quality of social research. The author expresses a sceptic attitude towards the possibility of integration of knowledge in the face of differences in subject matters of law and politics.

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“The Political” versus/and Synonymous Terms. An Attempt to Analyse a Theoretical Discourse

Author(s): Kamil Minkner / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the theoretical discourse on the strat- egy of using the notion of “the political” and related notions in Polish political theory. The author argues that these concepts, appearing in large numbers in recent years, are not an expression of pointless terminological disputes, but an attempt to cope with the complex character of various political phenomena that are the result of dynamic pro- cesses of the politicisation of various previously non-political problems of collective life. The text discusses two ways of understanding “the political” that dominate among Pol- ish political scientists: as an aspect of various political phenomena in conventionally un- derstood politics and beyond, and as a category that allows one to name the fundamen- tal principles through which society as a whole and its various parts (e.g. social classes) are formed. The text also discusses three strategies for searching for synonymous terms in relations to politics and “the political”: (1) attempts to find a superordinate category; (2) transformations of the notion of “the political” through various clarifications (e.g. or- ganic politics) and prefixes (e.g. meta-politics); (3) orientation towards borderline phe- nomena (e.g. quasi-political ones) in the context of processes of politicisation and de- politicisation that allow for a continuous reconfiguration of the boundaries of what is political.

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