OBSERVAłII CU PRIVIRE LA NOłIUNEA SI CARACTERELE JURIDICE ALE CONTRACTULUI MATRIMONIAL ÎN LEGISLATIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

Author(s): Veaceslav Pînzari / Language(s): Romany Issue: 13/2015

Notes sur le concept et les caractères juridiques du contrat de mariage dans la législation de la République de Moldova. Compte tenu de l’expérience d’autres pays et en tenant compte des réalités sociales, actuellement, le législateur moldave par les dispositions du Code de la famille, offre la possibilité pour ceux qui veulent se marier ou ceux qui sont déjà mariés par contrat matrimonial, à s’organiser de manière indépendante et conformément à leurs besoins et intérêts des rapports de propriété au cours du mariage ou peut-être après sa dissolution. Il est apprécié que le législateur établit l’autonomie dans les documents juridiques, y compris les relations de propriété matérielle entre les époux, mais la façon dont cela se fait dans les actes normatifs soulève de nombreuses questions. Nous avons mentionné à d’autres occasions que le législateur moldave a une faiblesse en donnant des définitions ou des institutions dans les règlements, mais cela, dans de nombreux cas, est fait avec de nombreuses erreurs, ce que peut conduire à une mauvaise application de la loi dans la pratique.

L’imaginaire culinaire en allemand, espagnol et français : le rapport à la viande

Author(s): Sylvain FARGE,Setty MORETTI / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2015

Imaginaries are built on social representations as well as on linguistic structures. The analysis of lexical representations of German, Spanish and French about alimentation, especially meat, may allow a better insight in the imaginary linked with the latter. The analysis, although, shows that, in Spanish, meat stands symbolically for strength and that this strength has to be evacuated from the meat inGerman. In French, meanwhile, the division between feminine and masculine principles situates foremost the alimentation in culture and rather far from nature.

The recipe: the queen of pragmatics. An Italian case study

Author(s): Leopoldina Fortunati / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the communicative status and the daily practices of use of the recipe in the broader context of cooking and eating inside the home. My thesis is that the recipe should be regarded as the queen of pragmatics of communication, as recipes are to be found in homes all over the world. I draw on two different research projects: the first study reports upon semistructured interviews with 137 respondents living in the North East of Italy. The second study presents and discusses the most important categories of meaning that emerged from a content analysis of 398 messages posted on the online cookingforum of the site of Donna Moderna [Modern Woman], the most widely read women’sweekly magazine in Italy.

Les arômes : une expérience plus vraie que nature ?

Author(s): Delphine De Swardt / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Aroma is today an essential part of our diet. Often used to reinforce the initial neutral taste of the food produced on an industrial scale, it is sometimes the main course, at the core of many edible products. First thought as accessory, it now takes the lead. From this observation and through the review of examples of the food industry, this article puts forward the hypothesis that the aroma supplants the food –in the relation of resemblance between the original model and its representation, which falls under the inculcation – and eclipses it. Potentially strong on the palate, it is a promise of intense experience. This is particularly true in the case of flavors without pre-established references. Pure abstract aromatic constructions allow greater freedom of projection, and foster discursive emphasis. In these cases, the taste alone, uncorrelate.

Fast food and the semiotics of gastronomy

Author(s): Elena Fell,Natalia Lukianova / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Nourishment stands apart from other physiological events: whilst we normally exercise discretion in relation to bodily functions, food consumption takes place in public. We dine, snack and nibble in front of others, and the imagery associated with food takes on the manifold of meanings—religious, cultural, historic and so forth. Gastronomic practices unite or divide people, and as such are a powerful communication tool. As the twenty-first century confrontational stance between fast food and family meal traditions intensifies, we investigate fast food’s visual imagery and its ability to attract consumers.

The Candy Project: the re-enchantment of candy in a liquid world

Author(s): Iñaki MARTINEZ DE ALBENIZ / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Sugar consumption has become an extremely serious problem, especially since its incorporation into every type of food not only those considered to be sweet culturally. This is not exclusively a health problem but also a gastronomic one, since this “invisible sugar” is perceptible by the stomach but not by the senses. Sugar’s ubiquity has led to its demonization. The consumption of candy has been one of the victims of this process. A social image of “empty calories”, or food without nutrients, has been built up around it. In this article I want to emphasize what this “medicalized” image of candy leaves out: the social, imaginary, nutritional and gastronomic potentialities of this form of alimentation. It is true that since sugar became invisible we have no understanding of its power. But by focusing solely on negative aspects we overlook the potentiality of candy as, amongst other things, vehicles for nutritional socialization and education in taste. Redeeming candy thus involves changing the social imaginaries associated with it. This new imaginary is largely emerging in the field of Internet and the new technologies.

Rôle du tourisme culturel dans le marketing des produits locaux de terroir et leur réputation : cas du sud tunisien

Author(s): Hanane Abichou / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2015

This paper proposes a contribution to the reflection on the local marketing of local products and their reputation front of phenomenon of globalization of agro-industrial products. It mobilizes the concept of territorial amenity as a source of licensing of a terroir and examines its potential role in consumer behaviour, taking into account the individual psychological differences. Perceptions of local products by the consumer and the reasons related to the purchase of these products are analyzed. From a qualitative study we define the contours of the local product of a consumer point of view while highlighting the different motivations behind the consumption of these products.

From nutrients to foods: The alimentary imaginary of the Mediterranean diet

Author(s): Simona Stano / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Together with clothing, urban artefacts and other aspects of daily life, nutrition is not only one of the basic human needs, but also a system of communication (Barthes, 1961) and expression of sociocultural identity (Levi-Strauss, 1965; Montanari, 2006; Stano, 2015). Undoubtedly food habits, preferences and taboos are partially regulated by ecological and material factors (Harris, 1975). By contrast, all food systems are structured and given particular functioning mechanisms by specific societies—or, better, cultures (Volli, 2015). Although several scholars have remarked this fact, most present-day texts, discourses, and practices concerning food seem to particularly stress a sort of supposed “naturalness” inherent to food systems. Such “naturalness” is generally conceived as both the praise of everything that opposes artificiality (Marrone, 2011) and a return to an original and idyllic past, namely a “tradition” crystallised in “authentic” recipes, “typical” restaurants, etc. Responding to the urgency of enhancing the academic debate on these issues, this paper analyses a specific case study that, albeit being particularly significant, has not been sufficiently investigated yet: the so-called “Mediterranean diet”. The idea of such a diet originated from the scientific field, in the wake of medical research (Keys & Keys, 1975; Keys, 1980) correlating the low incidence of cardiovascular diseases among the inhabitants of specific areas (i.e. the Cilento region in Italy) and a particular nutritional regime, mainly defined by the use of certain ingredients and specific techniques of preparation of food. The interest in this topic has then increasingly grown, extending beyond the simple definition of healthy rules regulating nutrition, and embracing the social and cultural implications of the particular “lifestyle” that has come to be identified with the Mediterranean diet. In this sense, the genealogy of the inclusion of such a diet in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity—with the initial rejection in 2007, the approval in 2010 in relation to Italy, Greece, Spain and Morocco, and the extensionto Portugal, Croatia and Cyprus in 2013—is emblematic. Moreover, it is essential to point out the important role played by sociocultural elements in the definition of the Mediterranean diet provided by the United Nations: “[it] involves a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions concerning crops, harvesting, fishing, animal husbandry, conservation, processing, cooking, and particularly the sharing.

Migration, nostalgia and the building of a food imaginary: Mexican migrants at “La Pulga” Market in San Joaquin Valley, California

Author(s): José A. VÁZQUEZ-MEDINA,F. Xavier Medina / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

In the context of transnational migration, ethnic markets function as segmented spaces where migrants as a group may be observed on many levels. Provisioning in the market (as much by immigrants as by natives or long-term residents) as well as the consumption of prepared food in situ compel a multiplicity of social interactions that facilitate knowledge and social relations, including recipes, memories, nostalgia, circulation of products and culinary techniques. In addition, a market can acquire a role as a meaningful transnational space of confluence for a system of relations and representations that help to decipher the complex social reality of subjects involved in a transnational migration phenomenon. With this paper we aim to highlight how a migratory context as well as the collectivization of a sensory experience as seen in an itinerant Mexican food market in California lead to the construction of a food imaginary related to Mexican food when it is disassociated from the original context in which it is produced. Thus, by means of an ethnographic approach, this paper aims to demonstrate how the collectivization of a sensory experience, framed under culinary nostalgia and triggered by the performativity and reflexivity of the subjects that take part in market activity, enables the construction of afood imaginary for the Mexican migrants that are regular clients of an itinerant market in California.

Enquêter sur le goût dans la ville : Très Très Bon, une promenade gourmande dans Paris

Author(s): Camille Brachet / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2015

In this paper, will be examined the potential of television regarding the representation of food and taste. The analysis focuses on a particular TV show, Très très bon, a weekend program broadcast on the channel Paris Première. Since the success of many TV programs has already shown that cooking and television can go together, it is interesting to try to understand the terms of staging which are very specific to Très très bon. For this purpose, the apparatus behind this TV program will be analysed in order to understand how the TV show seduces the viewer for whom any form of tasting remains technically impossible.

L’allaitement maternel : analyse sémiotique et approche éducommunicationnelle

Author(s): Audrey Bonjour / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2015

Our contribution aims to describe the value system carried by a particular practice what consumption breastfeeding and through communication campaigns, including posters. Our results lead us first to introduce the link between beliefs and imaginary figurability of breastfeeding by providing an analysis in terms of sensory experience, semiological breaks and handling of the normative framework. Then we update the axiology of breastfeeding with original opposition of nature versus culture and the importance of moral values. Finally, we analyze how these campaigns are involved in creating a communicative ecosystem (éducosystème) promoting participation and individual commitment. Through this semiotic analysis and éducommunicationnelle of breastfeeding, we show that a new social imagination is in progress.

Le repas à l’épreuve du cancer : une redéfinition sensorielle, sensible et symbolique

Author(s): Clémentine HUGOL-GENTIAL / Language(s): French Issue: 02/2015

This contribution is focused on patients' food practices affected by cancer and cure. The led analyses wish to understand the break linked to the disease and cures to question ways either sensory or symbolic which determine the food choices.

Uduchowiony naród?

Author(s): Richard Papp / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

“National identity” is a complex notion. From the perspective of the social sciences, “national identity” is a constructed element of identity, an aspect of cultural identity. Linked to this approach, “national identity” is a changing and situational construction. Nevertheless, “national identity” includes a “sense of stability” for those who consider themselves as “belonging” to a particular nation. The mythologization of a “national community and culture” creates, strengthens and legitimizes this “stability”. We can clearly observe the process of spiritualization and mythologization of the nation recently in Hungary. Right-wing governments and parties, the strategic officers of “national politics”, and the churches are constructing and redefining the concept of the “Hungarian nation”. With this in mind, several questions arise: How do the sacred and nation relate to each other within the concept of “Hungarian national identity”? How do historical narratives convert into a “mythical memory” in Hungary? What kinds of values, auto- and hetero- stereotypes are related to “Hungarian-ness”? Who are the “good” and “bad” Magyars, the “insiders” or “outsiders” in the constructions of the “Hungarian national identity”? What symbols and rituals are expressed in mythologizing? The essay will address four points: (1) Hungarian “creeds”; (2) the role of churches in the spiritualization of “Hungarian-ness”; (3) the meeting of Christian spirituality and national mythology; and (4) the interconnection of national identity and politics in Hungary. In the last section, I analyse two interviews carried out by a Catholic weekly with the current Prime Minister of Hungary. We will see from this example how the political leader of Hungary describes “Hungarian values and mission” and how the mythologization of the “Hungarian nation” has become the emphatic part of Hungarian political ideology.

Spółdzielcze kluby alternatywne w Budapeszcie

Author(s): Soma Abraham Kiss / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

The aim of this essay is to introduce the cooperative pub culture of Budapest, specifically one of them, Gólya. I will discuss its brief history, including that of its predecessor, the Frisco pub, and through this, examine how the cooperative’s aims and its mission have changed in parallel with the changing of the place and name. A part of this essay interprets some symbolic aspects of the pub in its outfit and the goods they sell. I will discuss how the collective tries to match its outfit and goods to the needs and attitudes of multiple circles of guests, and how it tries to form them at the same time. A description of how the pub wants to provide a place for different subcultures in line with the ideology of the place, or which are at least not against it, and how it can be a local’s place and a civil movement’s organising place at the same time, is also part of this essay. I also write about the ethos of cooperative pubs, how Gólya has been formed by it, and how Gólya has helped form it (at least in Budapest). The essay contains parts of an interview with András Szépe, one of the oldest members of the collective.

НОВИ ЧАСОПИС КАО НОВИ ОБЛИК САРАДЊЕ

Author(s): Nadežda Jović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

Časopis "Ishodišta"

Review of: Dizionario illustrato di mitologia greca e romana, I miti, gli eroi, le leggende, i luoghi mitologici del mondo greco e romano, Crescere Edizione, Varese 2012, f.508.

Author(s): Naser Ferri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 44/2014

Metoda etnograficzna oraz implikacje teoretyczne wynikające z badań empirycznych w naukach o polityce

Author(s): Krzysztof Gładkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2014

Przypomnienie teoretycznych osiągnięć polskiego etnologa (Stanisława Poniatowskiego) jest zachęceniem do retrospektywnego spojrzenia na osiągnięcia teoretyczne i metodologiczne nauk humanistycznych i nauk społecznych celem prospektywnego wypracowania najwartościowszego teoretyczne i metodologiczne modelu w naukach o polityce. Ważnym powodem, dla którego należy odnieść się do nauk o kulturze, w dyskusji nad teoretycznymi i metodologicznymi podstawami w naukach o polityce, jest coraz większa świadomość związana z funkcją kultury nie tylko w odniesieniu do takich zagadnień jak: tożsamość, pochodzenie etniczne, narodowość, ale także w kwestiach tak podstawowych, jak uwarunkowania kulturowe teorii i metodologii nauk o polityce. Teoretyczny model przedstawiony w artykule zasługuje w pełni na określenie go jako holistyczny (całościowy). Wydaje się, że dzisiaj może on spełniać bardzo ważną funkcję heurystyczną w naukach humanistycznych i społecznych, w tym w naukach politycznych.

From region to nation and back again: Moravian parties’ rhetoric and politics in the course of time

Author(s): Vít Hloušek / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2015

The paper deals with the history and political impact of “Moravist” or Moravian political representation. The movement that started already during the 1968/1969 period to rise claims of Moravian political autonomy or “home rule” and that was transformed after 1989 into a full-fledged political party to compete for chairs in the Czech diet and Czechoslovak federal parliament presents an interesting example of a failed attempt in regional and later on even ethnic mobilization in the history of recent Czech politics. The paper will focus on the development of the Movement for Autonomous Democracy – Society for Moravia and Silesia and the parties and movements that followed after the disintegration of the movement in mid-1990s. The second aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate strategies employed by Moravian regionalist parties in order to valorise the issue of regional minority claims. The original appeal of the Movement for Autonomous Democracy was based on claims for territorial autonomy lost during the communist period. Later on, together with the marginalization of political relevance of Moravian parties and politicians (loss of parliamentary relevance after 1996), a distinct tendency towards radicalization could be observed. The new generation of Moravian activists reframed actually the minority claims from territorial / regionalist context and started to adopt the language of an oppressed national minority distinctive from and suppressed by the Czech majority. This “invention” of separate Moravian “nationality” was by far the most original, though unsuccessful, attempt to mobilize cleavages of ethnic politics in the Czech Lands after 1989.

Reflection as Commodity: A Short Ethno(historio)graphy of Victorian Mirrors

Author(s): Marko Teodorski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The task undertaken in this text is to show the way mirrors, as Victorian commodities, embodied the emerging nineteenth-century consumerist culture and changed the desiring subject’s self-perception. For the first time in the cultural history of the West, mirrors became cheap, spectacularized and omnipresent, lurking around every corner. As the subject encountered itself incessantly, something changed at the level of desire: the subject misunderstood its own reflected image for the truth of its inner self. By way of this short ethno(historio)graphy of the Victorian mirror reflection, the text discusses the Victorian visual culture of spectacle and desire.

Ружно и грдно: концепт ружног у српском језику

Author(s): Ivana Bašić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

We analyze lexical iconicity of basic aesthetic expression categories in Serbian language which expressed concept of ugly– ružno and grdno (“ugly“). Their iconicity is, first of all, associated with the imagination of earthly substance (grdan), but is formed in connection with divine–human–animal opposition (ružno). The lexeme ružno (<*ureng- “bend” which is also contained in režati „growl”, „snarl”) which has taken over semantic components of the lexeme grdno is, on the other hand, determined by an opposition of human–inhuman and its iconicity contains images of animal like, deviant behaviour unsuitable to a human.Concept of grdno (<*gъrdъ <*gher- “abrade”, or *ghreu- “sharp”) is determined by an image of a substance which is uneven, rough and unsuitable for moulding. Esthetical and ethical categories in both former and later cognitive thinking are interconnected – evil and ugly oppose beautiful and good but they are also defined by them.