Tożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje
Tożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje. Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. Parengė I. Masojt, H. Sokolovska. Vilnius: Edukologija, 2011, 586 s. ISBN 978-9955-20-693-4.
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Tożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje. Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. Parengė I. Masojt, H. Sokolovska. Vilnius: Edukologija, 2011, 586 s. ISBN 978-9955-20-693-4.
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This research paper mainly aims to illuminate the influence of cultural differences on certain components of the content marketing process. The study has a descriptive research approach. In order to collect research data, a digital survey, also in print, was applied to university students both in Turkey and Lithuania. Within the framework of the study, responses of the individuals revealed cultural influences on three vital main content marketing components: the distribution channel, the types of the messages and formats of building engagement with the target audience. Results proved that individuals from both countries have slight differences when it comes to reaching content, consuming it and interacting with it. It is possible to explain this situation on the basis of two factors. The first factor is globalism and the second one is that internet tools create their own usage culture and that individuals have been integrating with those cultures.
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One of the main problems of modern society is the proper organisation of how information is distributed and made to appear public. In 2015, the Year of Ethnographic Regions program revealed the experience of participants in the public sector. The idea behind the Year of Ethnographic Regions and its program of events have attracted widespread public support and involvement. The total number of 437 events have been recorded and analysed in this study. The program of events covered the entire country, involved Lithuanian residents in different social, age and geographical groups. Due to ethnic specifics, the engagement was greater in the rural regions and lower in the cities. Without objective funding, the organisers of events relied on the proven performance of public communication strategies and accumulated experience. Most of the information about the events was published on various content websites (320 events), periodicals (261) and the web pages of daily newspapers (223). Less information was published on social media (127 events), television (28) and radio (7). Many budget and public event organisers had a channel for distributing information, managed by themselves, so they were able to publish at least the basic information concerning the events. The local media (periodicals, institutional websites etc.) had the biggest impact by informing the population. Social media resources, the influence of which will increase in the future, were properly unused, so it is time to pay due attention to social media opportunities of publicity. A lack of the following aspects was observed: the coordination of activities, proper inter-institutional cooperation, involvement of the national media, the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the publishing industry, the feasibility of new communication channels (e.g., calendars of events). The program of the Year of Ethnographic Regions, with its abundance of events, serves as a good example for evaluating the experiences and gaps that should be filled in the future by improving the quality of public communication and ensuring the proper distribution of information to the public.
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The paper deals with the importance of cultural encounters in intercultural education. The author argues that even though the acquisition of theoretical knowledge about other cultures is a significant component of intercultural education, a direct cultural encounter is an essential component in the intercultural learning. Therefore, an educator should create conditions for learners from different cultures to interact with each other and learn from these cultural encounters. To achieve this goal, an educator needs to have a deep and a thorough understanding of the cultural encounter phenomenon. While analyzing the ideas of the philosophers Jean-Luc Nancy and Bernhard Waldenfels, the paper reveals the complexity of cultural encounters. Cultural encounters can be experienced in different ways: on the one hand, a foreigner can be accepted and recognized; on the other hand, he or she can be seen as an intruder (Jean-Luc Nancy’s perspective) or an alien (Bernhard Waldenfels’ perspective). Moreover, cultural encounters can be of a contradictory nature. When someone is seen as an intruder or an alien, he or she can retain his or her cultural identity and authenticity, but then he or she remains a foreigner in the new environment he or she chooses to live in. According to Jean-Luc Nancy, when a foreigner wants to be accepted and recognized, at the same time he or she becomes invisible, and this inevitably leads to the process of assimilation. As it is difficult to avoid these contradictions of cultural encounters, an educator should take into account the complexity of every cultural encounter in the educational process. Moreover, it is important to stress that an educator should understand every cultural encounter – being seen or being accepted – to be valuable in itself
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The pedagogical skills of a music teacher are discussed in the first part of this article. Presented are the skills that are required of the teacher in terms of an intercultural musical process. A starting position in this process is the children’s communication as much as with their native folklore heritage, as with the musical traditions of other ethnical groups and nations as well. In the second part of this article, listed are pieces of music taught in primary school that are connected with their traditions. This publication is related to a study conducted on a university project, titled “The Approbation of a Technological Interdisciplinary Model of Assessing the Teaching Skills of Students in Terms of Theoretical and Practical Trainings”. Some points of view of the current topic are considered in the theoretical part. As a result of the theoretical research on the problem, the nature of the pedagogical skills in the intercultural musical education of the students from primary school pedagogic has been determined. The methods used in this research are the following: a theoretical analysis of the literature on the studied problem, quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results obtained from research, relative to the musical practical preparation of students from primary school pedagogic.
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The paper explores the paradoxes of the political philosophy of liberalism. Liberal conception of justice is incapable of providing grounds for an identity of liberalism. Liberals do not have a moral conception of their own. This is a source of a paradox. Political identity points to morality and moral identity points to politics. The aim of this paper is to clarify this paradox. Political liberalism is based on certain assumptions of a philosophy of culture. Liberals defend a conception of culture which justifies their inconsistencies. They lack any coherent conception of morality and politics. The article is an attempt to prove this by using the “final position” – an alternative to the Rawlsian “original position”.
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The article discusses the short-term “project” – to write Lithuanian mythology of one of the most influential public organisations of the 19th century in Vilnius – shubravci, which was close to masons. The majority of shubravci were quite positive about the “project” – Poles, Vilnius University professors – and chose pseudonyms of Lithuanian mythology characters by making a promise to collect material about each character. This rather marginal project among such people – the writing of mythology – was discussed in the publication Street News, Wiadomości brukowe, the official approach of the union to this idea from very enthusiastic transformed into very unacceptable and even became the object of mockery. However, the impulse of shubravci was captured by a lot of Lithuanians of the first quarter of the 19th century; later this idea was developed from Simonas Daukantas to Kajetonas Neazabitauskis, from D. Poška, to whom the idea of Vilnius professors became a “lightning-conductor” to his previous works. This idea among shubravci was supported by two persons – K. Kontrimas ir J. Šimkevičius; reaction in the union itself was fast, the idea was abandoned and suppressed. We can also observe the moment when processes which led to T. Narbutas, J. I. Kraševskis, S. Daukantas till Jonas Basanavičius ideology; the processes which contributed to the birth of liberation ideology at the beginning of XX century and were reiterated in the 20th century in Romuva and Ethos ideology line, which is still alive.
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Though Diodorus, who lived in politically and economically decayed Greece, dominated by Romans, is separated from Herodotus, the historian of independent and victorious Greece, by the interval of four centuries, the conception of Greekness as reflected in Herodotus’ History is a fulcrum to perceive the selfawareness of Greeks in the I century B.C. nevertheless. It is obvious that Diodorus knew Herodotus’History well. Herodotus, living in times, that were deeply affected by the ta Mēdica, was compelled to think over the idea of national identity and the relation of traditional Greek values to the culture, or cultures, of dominant political power. His approach to explain political history is to perceive the culture of nations, involved in the political process. This way to understand history was not invented by Herodotus, but was inherited and handed down by him to the subsequent historians, yet Herodotus can be put before the others because of his capability to see self in the other; self and other form an indissoluble unity in his History. Other cultures are described in analogy and / or contrast with Greek culture, and Greek is not always the best. Barbarian in his text indicates belonging to a different, but by no means to the inferior civilization. Barbaroi are usually referred to as cultural predecessors of Greece, which is often presented only as a successor of very old barbarian traditions. Opposition inside the Greek culture is sometimes stressed by Herodotus more emphatically than opposition between Greeks and the others. In my opinion, he tries to show that the idea of panhellenism, upon which the Athenian ideology was based in Herodotus’ times, is a political fiction, that was not and could not be true to life. Diodorus sticks to comparative methods describing the history of human civilization, but his objectivity is imaginary: it is rather a matter of the traditional ethics of scientific discourse for him. He is deeply convinced that barbarians are inferior compared to Greeks and Greece is the moral and intellectual leader of the oikoumenē. The glorious history of Greece and the preservation of its traditional values is not only an intrinsic, but universal cultural factor as well. This is his historiosophic idea, which can be applied to explain his attitude to Rome. Romans are not ascribed to barbarians by him, but at the same time they are not Greeks. Rome belongs to the third cultural category. Roman history is a history of an advance of the expansive political power, which can be compared to the history of the Persian empire at the end of the VI century B.C. Therefore Diodorus pays so much attention to the Thermopylean episode in his History. This episode is symbolic in Diodorus’ History, signifying to his contemporaries the opportunities that are lost, but ought to have been taken, and the decline of the aretē, which once undamaged would have saved Greece.
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The subject of this article is Bartosz Taborowicz, known as Alexander Jagiellon’s hospodar marshal. He was the brother of the Bishop of Vilnius, Wojciech Tabor, and lived in his shadow, which is why he himself never became the object of an individual study. What we knew so far was that Bartosz’s political career was dependent on Wojciech’s reputation, and that Bartosz’s estate was the result of his own actions taken at the court and of his marriage with Hanna Niemirowicz. The article presents little known aspects of Bartosz’s career, such as his appointment as commissioner to demarcate the border between Poland and Lithuania. The text also broadly presents Bartosz’s family, revealing unknown facts regarding his descent, which is also important in the context of Wojciech Tabor. Even though much has been written about the latter, not much is known about the Tabor family.
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Constructing the research was tried to find out roma students’ perception of identity to school community and describe the successful experience in that context. It’s trying to consider who is the roma student at secondary school: the representative of ethnic minority, the member of school community or another. His experience at school we should consider the problem or the success of achieved for a long period of time result? Which identity is formed within school community and how it influences behavior at school? Can we control this process and whether we have to do that? In order to find out how roma people percept their group, their identity, relationship with another-school culture and expression of this perception, research is based on ethnographic methodology, and students are observed in their daily learning and intercourse space-at school. Ethnographic research methodology has helped to reveal in which way the roma student is thinking (interview method) and how he is behaving himself (observation method) at secondary school. Research revealed that roma students’, studying in the main classes of the school, formation as student’s identity is taking place applying three different behavior models: 1) Demonstrative refusal to adopt a school culture (although it is well percepted) and it’s ignoring is inherent to the first model; 2) Full school culture’s adoption, assimilation and levelling is inherent to the second model; 3) Having no decision and partial adoption of school culture and standards : in one situation accepting the school culture and in others deliberately ignoring it. All these behavior models can be considered successful. Those students, who choose the second model and absolute leveling, achieve higher academic results and school community adoption. However, this group of students is most likely to lose their roma identity, they found new identity-following the rules, obeying authority, literate roma. The only question is this still the identity of roma? Meanwhile, roma, who reject integration in advance continue to cherish their ethnic group’s traditions, their choice of assimilation rejection we have to respect also. The most complicated question arises considering about students attributed to the third behavior model or undecided: it’s not clear whether the education system has to try for their supposed „salvation“ or allow to make decisions themselves naturally rising from dialogue with society
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A feature of the modern society is the city which tries to express itself by means of social and physical environment. One of the means of expression are events whose activities engage local residents, visitors, guests, tourists, and, of course, distant spectators by means of smart global technologies. Cultural activities manifest by implementing cultural projects of various areas, starting from one-time local events, and ending with large-scale international projects. Cultural tourism is a great opportunity of urban and regional tourism development. Implementation of cultural events in cities can have impact on cultural tourism development and its planning, and can be one of the very important economic as well as sociocultural impact of tourism that manifests by created infrastructure, increasing supply of services and entertainment, and lively cultural life in cities. The work is relevant because it reveals for the first time how mega cultural events in cities are or can be an effect for cultural tourism development in cities.
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The article starts with the question: how is the political philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche even possible? The author discusses with Tracy B. Strong’s presumption that Nietzsche’s political philosophy is not possible as a transcendental deduction. The author supposes that this type of question clashes with the premises of Nietzsche’s thinking and also undermines the interpretation of the other aspects of his philosophy. First of all: the question of nazification and denazification of Nietzsche’s thought. The article comes to the conclusion that in the scope of recent investigation there is not much sense in raising the question whether Nietzsche’s political views are political philosophy in the normative meaning of the term, but it is possible to discuss the question of political anthropology as the psychology of the nations Nietzsche was really interested in.
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By refering to the examples of different cultural traditions, Arūnas Sverdiolas in his study Constitution and Preservation described the mechanisms that are involved in the creation of culture – constitution and preservation. The goal of this article is to show how these mechanisms operated in the reality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article analyzes the roles that the Lithuanian political society gave to legislation, upbringing, historical narratives, heroic and occasional poetry while constituting and preserving itself.
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Date: October 4th-5th, 2019; Place: Faculty of Philology, Vilnius University
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This article outlines the advantages of introducing some new terms to describe the current sociolinguistic situation in Lithuania. Its essential components are the heterogeneity of the country’s ethno-linguistic landscape, intensive internal and external migration and the different types of language practices within the country, which are the result of the first two factors. The term “imported language” proposed by the author of the article and the term “newspeakerism”, which has recently become established in European sociolinguistics, have not yet been used in the works of Lithuanian sociolinguists. However, these terms can be important for describing the linguistic specifics of some regions of Lithuania. The first term seems appropriate to denote the language of immigrants, which is used relatively widely in the host country, not only in family, but also in the everyday and official communication, and the second – for the sociolinguistic categorization of such immigrants. Most immigrants are residents of post-Soviet countries with native or well-mastered Russian language, therefore, in the article, it is Russian that is defined as an imported language. The paper examines the theoretical prerequisites for the introduction of new terms for a more accurate description of the current linguistic situation in Lithuania and the designation of its participants. Statistical data on migration processes in Lithuania and fragments of interviews with immigrants of chronologically different arrival streams are used.
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The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomena of «ethnic» and «national» identity and to determine the vectors of their development. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. The methodological core of the research is a comparative analysis of ethnic and national identities in the chronotype as complex sociocultural systems. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the ethnonational identity dichotomy through the prism of the cultural code. It is substantiated that in the conditions of modern modernization, the ratio between the ethnic and national components of identity depends on the direction of their development vectors: a) when the vectors are parallel and equally oriented (for example, one of the ethnic communities monopolizes power), there is a reduction of national identity to ethnic one; b) when the vectors are parallel, but oppositely oriented (for example, when an ethnic community seeks to recognize its right to political selfdetermination), national identity collides with the interests of the ethnic community, entering into confrontation with it. Conclusions. Within the framework of constructivism, the phenomenon of ethnic identity is analyzed as a social construct and the factors of deviation from this model are revealed (in particular, adaptation to the environment, acculturation, violation of the demographic balance between different groups), causing its variability. The systemic characteristics and the main conceptual components of national identity (internal and external) are analyzed, factors of the weakening of social ties due to the processes of globalization, the growth of entropy, and information expansion in society are identified. Typical models of interaction of ethnic and national identities are considered.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the key stages of the activity of the International Renaissance Foundation and its role in support of the cultural and artistic projects. The methodology of the study is based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative-historical, and retrospective, the history of the International Renaissance Foundation is allowed to study the development and implementation of cultural and artistic projects. The scientific novelty of the publication finds its expression in the study of the history of cooperation between the National Academy of Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts with the International Renaissance Foundation and analysis of project activities evaluation and their practical significance. Conclusions: Cultural and artistic project of the International Renaissance Foundation aimed at supporting the initiative, contributing to art’s vision of human rights processes, to support inclusion and gender equality, based on European values and promote Ukraine’s integration into the European space, as well as those focus on access to quality art education. Therefore, it should be noted that in the framework of the project implementation of regional corporate portals and information centers on the basis of regional universal scientific libraries, open regional corporate information associations and information centers were formed and put into operation, information on legal issues, information databases, factual, analytical and bibliographical information, as well as characteristics of local regional resources.
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The ongoing worship of Our Lady of Beautiful Love is strongly related to its places and the images of Mother Mary, The article describes the history and the cult of the Virgin Mary that directly relates to the devotion of Our Lady of Beautiful Love. It refers to the titles and the images that might be found in various catherdals, churches and chapels. The places of worship of Our Lady of Beautiful Love in Poland are: Bydgoszcz, Lomza, Polanczyk, Sadowie, Warsaw-Tarchomin, Skarzysko, Domaniewice, Proszowki and many more.
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Review of: Stanisław Jarmoszko, Za kulisami przetrwania. Diachroniczna perspektywa antropologii bezpieczeństwa, Siedlce, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo Humanistycznego w Siedlach, 2019.
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The translation of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s novel Without Dogma into Finnish, entitled Anielka (1913), generated considerable interest in the Finnish press, evidenced by as many as twelve reviews of the work. The article analyses these reviews, describes them in terms of a paradigm and presents their functioning on the book market. Taking into account cultural distance between Poles and Finns, the reviews are approached as a testimony to intercultural communication, which was enabled thanks to community – the paradigm of European culture and its common motifs, such as the mal du siècle or l’improductivite slave, the latter highlighted by Sienkiewicz and particularly interesting for Finnish reviewers. Cultural distance turns out to be a factor that reveals new aspects of interpretation of Without Dogma and, more broadly, the specificity of Finnish thinking about Poland.
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