Ratovi, kolonizacije i nacionalna struktura Slavonije u dvadesetom stoljeću

Author(s): Ivan Lajić,Mario Bara / Language(s): Croatian

Due to favourable terrain, hydrographic, climatic and traffic characteristics, the territory of Slavonia was from ancient times an attractive settlement zone and therefore had a dynamic demographic development. In the first half of the 20th century, the national character of migration was strongly determined by: territorial affiliation of the region to various political entities during recent history (the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia /NDH/, socialist Yugoslavia), political-social systems that organized colonizations of the area, and economic factors. War events by their meaning encompass the characteristics of ethnic conflict as well, making the consequences particularly obvious through selective war mortality, forced migrations and changes in the ethnic composition of certain areas (this was especially obvious in the Second World War and the Homeland War). On the other hand, colonizations after the First and Second World War, which were also ethnically based as a reflection of relations of power among various political and social elites, had an almost equally strong impact. Peacetime periods brought other forms of mechanical, unforced population movements (mostly rural-urban migrations). The post-war development of Slavonia, along with increased deruralization and industrialization, attracted not only the surrounding rural population but also labour force from other parts of the former state thus causing change in the ethnic structure. Recent demographic trends have been determined by the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the armed conflict following the entire process. The consequences of war and post-war events are most apparent in the field of mechanical movement (forced and mandatory migrations). Comparative demographic analysis of two last censuses in 1991 and 2001 proved that during this decade the following took place: a significant depopulation of most cities and municipalities, a change in the ethnic/national structure, an absolute and relative decrease of the Serb population, an absolute and relative decrease of other minority populations, a relative and absolute increase in the proportion and number of Croats, and aging of the entire population of Slavonia with more intense aging in the areas where the Serbs constituted a relative and absolute majority in the Homeland War.The result of these long-term processes - colonizations, war and ethnic conflicts, war and post-war mechanical population movements with selective forced and involuntary migrations - had an effect on a significant increase in the number of the majority population followed by the reduction or almost disappearance of certain minorities.

Етнички и етнокултурни контакти у панонско-карпатском простору

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Serbian

Желанието да тръгнеш. Правото да спреш

Author(s): Ivaylo Dichev / Language(s): Bulgarian

Еластичен (пост)секуларизъм

Author(s): Anna Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Празникът на пролетта в Албания и в другите балкански страни

Author(s): Eno Baze / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Part of the enormous cultural heritage of the Balkans is occupied by pagan customs. In the folk context, many of them find are widespread in the peninsula, but centrally and comprehensively, we can highlight the celebrations of the feast –The first Day of Spring. It is celebrated today in the territory of five Balkan countries - Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Serbia, Greece and Macedonia. But to ask ourselves how and where this custom is rooted? There are solid hypotheses about Thracian-Dacian origin or Proto Bulgarian, even somewhere I have encountered Iranian-Indian. No one can give an exact answer, and perhaps it is not necessary, but the ordinances of the spring welcome somehow resemble shamanism and communion with the natural powers, the transcendent and the paranormal, the mystical and the occult. The reception of spring is an ancient custom in the Balkans, connected with the common cultural heritage, a sign of the proximity of nations.

Етикет на пиенето на чай в Китай и в Русия

Author(s): Yajun Li / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This report outlines the etiquette of tea drinking in China and in Russia. You will know about the history of Chinese tea and myths and traditions, related to it. The main tools and equipment of Gongfu ceremonial tea set are presented. At the same time I will introduce the history of Russian tea drinking and the Russian samovar. At the end of the report I compare several proverbs about tea drinking in China and in Russia.

«На одно крыло — серебряная, На другое — золотая...» - Памяти Светланы Рябцевой

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian

This collection of selected papers is dedicated to the memory of Svetlana S. Ryabtseva (1966—2019), a very pure soul, scholar, archaeologist, leading student of the history of medieval gold-work, costume and jewelry set of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. As both Russian and Moldovan researcher, she took a unique place in science: her stuides became a ‘bridge between East and West’, i.e. between studies of Eastern, South-Eastern and Central Europe. Her life was short, but she left a very good heritage. It consists not only of her outstanding academic writings, but also her true and positive inspiration, which emanated from her and was shared between her family, friends and colleagues. The volume contains papers written by researchers from Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, France and the United Kingdom.

Modern Ecclesiastical Development

Author(s): Matthew Spinka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The age-long tragedy of the Slavic race — the division of the Slavic peoples caused by the fact that some had been drawn into the orbit of Western, Latin, Roman Catholic civilization, whereas others derived their culture Byzantine, Orthodox sources — was nowhere more keenly felt than in Yugoslavia. This country affords the clearest example of the divisive effects of cultural schism: the Serbians are culturally and religiously Eastern Orthodox; the Croatians and the Slovenes are staunchly Roman Catholic. With the political unification of the Serbs, the Croatians, and the Slovenes, which was formally proclaimed on December 1,1918, the formidable task of making a homogeneous nation from these diverse elements, divided by a millennium of separate historical development, was matched by the no less necessary task of adjusting the diversities of their ecclesiastical organizations. For ecclesiastical disunity threatened to prove a serious obstacle to national unity.

Întoarcerea Europei Centrale

Author(s): Krzysztof Czyżewski / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

S-a întâmplat la Graz, unde m-am oprit în drum spre sud. S-a întâmplat aproape exact pe linia pe care Churchill a trasat-o între Szczecin și Triest în 1946, botezând-o „Cortina de Fier”. Ivo Andril a traversat această linie de nenumărate ori, pentru că studia în același timp la Zagreb și la Viena, la Cracovia și la Graz - ceea ce odată era absolut normal, dar acum ar fi de neconceput. Tot aici, pe la sfârșitul anilor ’20 ai secolului al XIX-lea, un student în filosofie, Stanko Vraz, sloven, l-a întâlnit pe Ljudevit Gaj, conducătorul croat al „Mișcării ilirice”, devenind scriitor croat - ceea ce, de asemenea, e de neconceput astăzi. în aceste cercuri, în coloanele revistei Kolo, un periodic literar editat mai târziu de Vraz la Zagreb, se va naște ideea unității slavilor, ideea creării unei limbi comune cu frații sârbi, a unei federații... Mai târziu s-au scris aici și alte pagini de istorie central-europeană: Jasenovac, Vukovar... Și polonezii frecventau acest spațiu. Mi-am amintit de cafeneaua din Thonethof, unde se ofereau odată ziare poloneze, dar m-am răzgândit și m-am dus la un restaurant obișnuit cu un meniu demn de capitala Stiriei.

Voiceless Tibet? Past and Present in Tibetan Sinophone Writing by Tsering Norbu

Author(s): Kamila Hladíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As a culturally and linguistically hybrid product emerging from specific historical and political conditions, Sinophone Tibetan literature has been often overlooked in Western academic and literary circles. Still, as argued in this article, it is a plausible voice coming from within Tibet, shedding more light on the present lived reality of the region and its inhabitants and forming a multilayered minor discourse of self-representation vis-á-vis the major Han Chinese discourse regarding not only Tibetan history and culture, but, more generally, literary creation. By analyzing the various representations of present-day Tibet in short stories by Tsering Norbu, this paper provides insights into the formation of collective historical memory and transformation of Tibetan society following the economic development of the region after the year 2000. While responding to the official call for a realistic representation of the lives of ordinary people, the author has come up with effective counterhegemonic narrative strategies of resistance to the dominant forces of ideology and brutal commercialization by including elements of religion, suppressed historical memory, and social problems in contemporary Tibetan society.

Yalvaç Tepme Keçeciliği Özelinde Kepenek Tasarımı ve İmalatı

Author(s): Murat Kodaloğlu,Feyza Akarslan Kodaloğlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Felt and felting is one of the oldest handicrafts of Turks living a nomadic life. Due to the wide area of use from past to present, felt has always existed as a part of daily life. Felt, like all handicrafts, is a product that takes a long time to produce and requires a lot of effort. Felt cloak, one of the leading products of the art of felt making, which is among the traditional Turkish handicrafts in Yalvaç, is a special shepherd's clothing that has survived to the present day. It is a cultural symbol that continues from past to present without losing its functionality. Today, as in the past, when livestock is mentioned, a shepherd comes to mind. It should be accepted as a symbol that resists change and preserves its originality for centuries. In this study, it is aimed to transfer and introduce the felt cloak making to the next generations in the best way. Felt cloak has a feature that continues to be produced from many traditional products produced by masters for centuries in the art of felt making, without being affected by the developments in the historical process, without changing and transforming. In this study, the historical process of felt, which is one of our traditional products, its raw materials, tools used in its production, decoration, design and structural features are explained.

Türkmen Kızı Hamide’nin Ağıtları ve Gözyaşları... Kel Kız, Patron, Hamide Üstün (1924-2013)

Author(s): Zafer Eren / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

These people, who were born in the first years of the Republic, raised their children very well during the famine and poverty years. Although they were shaken by the effects of the 1939 earthquake, they lived an honorable life. Everyone who came from Tokat and Reşadiye after the 1939 earthquake tried to hold on to their new places and new lives like Hamide. Everyone from that region in the village became Hamide's relative and comrade. In those years, the deaf and dumb father, who worked with a pick and shovel by sticking his teeth in his nails, prepared the ground for the future of his children with every pick he threw. Abdurrahman Üstün, who was deaf and mute, earned double wages by working in the hardest and hardest jobs, while everyone was receiving a single wage during the Taşova – Amasya road work. In return for this honorable struggle, their children embraced life more tightly and carried their own lives to a better position. She was known as the "Wife of Ahraz" in the village of Yukarı Barak. But everyone in the family called her the Boss. When Ömer Üstün, his son-in-law, realized his leadership in the family, he wore this nickname when he was still in secondary school. Probably because he rules everything and everyone. This big-hearted woman passed away in 2013. He left dozens of laments behind. Most of them were forgotten because they were not written. We commemorate this Anatolian woman who raised her five sons with mercy and longing. May your soul rest in peace Boss Grandma...

Authentic Istruments from an Organological Perspective in the Process of East-West Cultural Assimilation

Author(s): Elif Sayın / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Organology is a discipline that focuses on the structural characteristics and functions of musical instruments. Through the science of organology, instruments provide profound insights into the diverse cultural elements they embody, thereby carrying traces not only of their role as intermediaries of music but also of historical significance. The ultimate aim of this study is to elucidate the traces of intercultural exchange by leveraging the historical development of bowed string instruments, which have also permeated Turkish culture through the cultural interactions between different geographical regions. Through organology, the structure and materials of musical instruments can be elucidated, shedding light on the socio-cultural context in addition to the climatic and socio-economic conditions of various geographical regions. This discipline entails the classification of different musical instruments into general categories such as bowed string instruments, wind instruments, keyboard instruments, and percussion instruments, with a particular focus on the development of bowed string instruments in this study. Organological research examines the structural analysis of musical instruments, encompassing a comprehensive examination of the components, materials, dimensions, and shapes of an instrument. Moreover, organology delves into the functionality and playing techniques of musical instruments, investigating how an instrument is played, the techniques employed, and the sounds produced. This encompasses aspects such as correct playing positions, finger placements, breathing techniques, and bowing techniques. Through the study of Organology, which investigates the historical development, origins, and evolution of musical instruments in different cultures, a comprehensive understanding of the cultural, historical, and sociocultural contexts surrounding these instruments is achieved. The purpose of this study is to examine the development of string instruments from past to present from an organological perspective.

Roman Period Glass Unguentariums at the Hacibektas Veli Archeology Museum

Author(s): Barış Emre Sönmez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to examine the glass unguentariums from the Roman Period in Hacibektas Veli Archeology Museum in terms of technique and form. The glass unguentariums in Hacibektas Veli Archeology Museum are classified as tube, bulbous, conical and candelabra. There are 12 glass unguentariums from the Roman Period in total in the museum. 11 of them were brought to the museum by purchasing; One of them was found around Suluca Karahöyük and brought to the museum. Of the glass unguentarium, 6 are tubular in shape, 1 are candelabra in shape, 3 are bulbous in shape and 2 are conical in shape. The lengths of tubular unguentariums vary between 9.1 cm and 13.4 cm; The length of the candelabra-shaped unguentarium is 13 cm, the length of the bulbous-shaped unguentarium is between 10.3 cm and 17.6 cm, and the length of the conical unguentarium is 9.3 cm. Glass unguentariums consist of dark green, colorless transparent, pale green, light green, light blue-green, blue-green colors. The earliest glass unguentarium belongs to the middle of the 1st century AD, and the latest glass unguentarium is dated to the 3rd century AD.

Orta Farsça (Pehlevîce)

Author(s): Ahmet Altungök / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Research on the history of Late Antiquity Near Asia in our country remains very insufficient. However, the oldest records mentioning the Turks are Late Antique Iranian sources. It has become essential to know Pahlavi for research on Turkish history. Turkish historiography is contented with the works of western orientalists on this subject. In these studies, important information about Turkish history is omitted. Therefore, learning Pahlavi has become a necessity for the study of ancient Turkish history. Therefore, in this section, it is aimed to provide comprehensive information about the writing types of Pahlavi that have survived to the present day. It is seen that seven different scripts were used in the historical texts that have survived from the Sasanian period to the present day. Two of these scripts, which are basically based on the Ārām alphabet, are very close to each other in terms of letter characters. The other four scripts are quite distant from the letter characters of the Ārām script. Parthian script, one of these scripts, was also used during the Sasanian period. The Sasanian alphabet is similar to the one created during the Parthian period based on the Ārām alphabet. Except for the Mani scripts written in Syriac script, all texts were written in different derivatives of this alphabet. These scripts were called Parthian Pahlavi (Chaldeo Pahlavi), Kitābe Pahlavi (Inscriptional Pahlavi), Kitābī Pahlavi (Modern Pahlavi/Book Pahlavi), Mezmūrs Pahlavi (Psalter Pahlavi), Pazānd Pahlavi and Huzvarish (Zürvarish) according to their usage. In the post-Islamic period, ibn al-Nadīm, who gave information about the Iranian language and script through ibn al-Muqaffa, narrated that many different scripts were used during the Sasanian period. It is understood that some of these scripts mentioned by post-Islamic sources have not survived to the present day.

Isparta Gastronomi Kültüründe Etkili Faktörler Belirlenmesi

Author(s): Nilgün H. Budak,Fügen Durlu Özkaya / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Geçmişten günümüze köklü kültürel değere sahip olan dünyanın önemli mutfakları arasında yer alan Türk mutfağı, yöresel yemek çeşitliliğini barındırmakta ve her dönem gelişerek ve çevresinden etkilenerek farklı kültürlerin özellikleriyle birleşerek bugünkü zengin yemek kültürünü oluşturmaktadır. Isparta ili, tarih boyunca antik çağlara kadar uzanan dönemlerde Lidya, Frig, Pers, Helen, Roma, Bizans, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı uygarlıklarının hüküm sürdüğü bir bölge olmuştur (Babacan, 2012; Köstüklü, 1999).

Elements of Romanian Folk Architecture: Traditional Houses

Author(s): Cristina-Valentina Dafinoiu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present material has been intended as a brief chronicle of Romanian folk architecture, based on the concept that individual has in perpetuum inclined toward habitation in accordance with their corresponding socio-economic status and household requirements. It explores aspects such as construction methods, along with the choice of position in terms of a sustainable structure to withstand over time for generations to come, the significance of inhabitation in collective consciousness, the evolution of architectural materials over time, and the harmonious blend of architectural styles including the transformation of the living area from the front room to drawing room (the main home). The facets in relation to the constitutive elements or parts of a provincial establishment, from the foundation to the rooftop (sheathing), have been taken into consideration and analyzed. The purpose of this article is to uncover the rich heritage embodied in these traditional houses and gain valuable insight into their construction, symbolism, and role within the community.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AS A POSSIBILITY TO REFLECT ON THE TERRITORY

Author(s): Santiago Torres Sánchez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Intercultural communication is a field that allows us to reflect on how we perceive ourselves as communities, what elements can strengthen individual and collective identities and also what characteristics can differentiate our territory from others. It is not only about analyzing human relationships (between peers) but also how they modify the territory as well as showing ourselves as particular territories.

Ruiny nieobiecane. Destrukcja i re-konstrukcja łódzkiego modernizmu

Author(s): Małgorzata Nieszczerzewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to answer the question of why we need nineteenth-century architecture today and what the revitalization "game of modernity" in Łódź is all about. The author analyses the issue of the process of modernization of Łódź in the context of multidimensional construction/destruction/re-construction of individual fragments of its space, using primarily the concept of ambiguity and multidimensionality of ruins as a cultural phenomenon. With reference to the novel “the Promised land” written by Władysław Reymont, she emphasizes one of the basic ambivalences of the ruins, referring to their allegorical and spectral nature. Analyzing the process of contemporary re-contextualization of the ruins of Łódź (primarily in the sense of their revitalization and revalorization), the author proposes the use of the term "consumed modernism" and evokes the context of vintage culture.

Przepracować ból żałoby. O opowieści mykologicznej Powrót do życia Long Litt Woon

Author(s): Małgorzata Okupnik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Long Litt Woon is a socioanthropologist and writer born in Malaysia and living in Norway since 1976. In 2017, she published a book titled The Way Through The Woods. On Mushrooms and Mourning (Polish edition: Powrót do życia. O żałobie i grzybach). She wrote it after the death of her husband, Eiolf Olsen. The book represents narra- tives of grief, the authors of which seek consolation in the nature. For Long Litt Woon, mushrooms have not only been a symbol of bereavement. The newly-discovered passion gave the young widow a reason to live. In her book, two threads intertwine: the mycological one (description of the Fungi kingdom and of the mushroom-picking community) and the one related to mourning (description of a severe trial affecting the physical, mental and emotional sphere). The socioanthropological and mycothera- peutic perspective is unique and it distinguishes Long Litt Woon’s narrative from other bereavement-related autobiographies.