Медийна концентрация – форми, проявления, последици

Author(s): Yordan Yochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The concentration of media property in a small group of individuals and the creation of an uncompetitive environment have a negative effect on the impartiality and independence of media subjects. Market monopolization bears the risk of creation of journalists, who are dependent on political and business groups, and leads to speculation in the coverage of the current topics. Such an environment violates the main principles of democracy as well as media pluralism, which leads to infringement of constitutional laws and freedoms of citizens and poses a threat to their informed participation in the civil society.

RETORIKA SI SFIDË E KOMUNIKIMIT EFEKTIV

Author(s): Albina Pajo,Ediola Nase / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Rhetoric is the primary field of knowledge which has, on the one side, continually set forward the question of the language being a means of communication and has proposed systematic techniques, with the view of improving it. Likewise, rhetoric is a perfect reinforcing element of the argumentative skills, an inner force, and as such, nowadays it it widely used in the field of "Linguistic elements' of an effective communication. Today's study of the linguistic strategies, moves on the direct level of traditional rhetoric, which appreciates the "the-well known language", which, according to them, is supposed to be adopted to the social background, for a total accomplishement of its primary function, which as a matter of facts, it communication, itself.

РОЛЯТА НА ИНТОНАЦИЯТА В ПРОЦЕСА НА КОМУНИКАЦИЯ И ПРИНЦИПЪТ ЗА ЕЗИКОВАТА ИКОНОМИЯ

Author(s): Gergana Padareva-Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper is an attempt to present a different perspective in the theory of intonation in Bulgarian linguistic literature. The role of intonation in communication process is underlined. We base our arguments mainly on the Relevance theory (RT) and consider intonation as a code of in-structions for interpreting the morpho-syntactic content of the utterance. Using this code the listener reduces his efforts to get to the speaker`s meaning. This and other functions of intonation as a meta-level presume a discussion for the possibility intonation to be considered as a manifestation of speech economy.

Facebook we współczesnym świecie komunikacji społecznej

Author(s): Katarzyna Forst / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Today, social media constitute an important part of our lives. Communication by means of the Internet does not only serve the mere purpose of maintaining personal contacts, but it is also necessary to conduct business, indulge in education or entertainment. The main feature of the Internet is the lack of structure and binding hierarchy. Popular social networking sites are the main place to meet and exchange information, especially for young people. Facebook, which was created in 2004, is one of the most popular websites with highly developed technology. The article points out many aspects related to the use of this site,beginning with the issue of privacy through business, politics, and even health problems. It shows us quite a horrifying picture of the website which has a gigantic amount of data about each of us, and the helplessness to establish effective legal barriers in Europe.

CHANGE AND 21ST CENTURY MEDIA

Author(s): Sarah Dooley,Emma Moore,Alexander Averin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Cluetrain Manifesto, written in 1999, around the advent of the Internet, celebrates the emergence of a flattened and divided media space. Each individual user is equal amongst the millions of other users but at the same time divided as the Internet enables coalescing amongst like-minded people. The sixth of Cluetrain’s 95 Theses states: ‘The Internet is enabling conversations among human beings that were simply not possible in the era of mass media.’161 The Internet is, however, not the only result of technological development. As has been slowly becoming clear over the past two decades, this new technology might not be merely ‘enabling conversations’. In order to understand the position of fake news in our current media environment, one needs to take a bird’s eye view, not only in space, but also in time.

Bez počítače by to nešlo…

Author(s): Anna Valouchová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The segmentation of local audiences? Fragmented media use and types of media users at the local level

Author(s): Raphael Kösters,Olaf Jandura / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Audience segmentation is a contemporary meta-trend comprehensively discussed in communication studies (van Aelst et al., 2017). Trends related to segmentation have been examined within the context of different countries from economic and social science perspectives as well as on various levels of analysis. In this chapter, we examine audience segments within the local public sphere of a major city in Germany. A local public sphere is defined as “a relatively open space in which information flows of local origins intersect with translocal issues, and together create a common discursive space of political activity” (Lang, 2004, p. 154). In order to define the problem at hand, a basic function of the mass media public sphere must be taken into account, i.e. the function of integration. By providing audiences with a common basis of issues and knowledge, media outlets establish the foundation for the citizenry’s self-perception as one collective for identity-building and for citizens’ political participation.

Digitization: empowering regional media in the public

Author(s): Lisbeth Morlandstø,Birgit Røe Mathisen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Journalism and power are intertwined in many ways. As the media reflects, mirrors, investigates, interprets and frames the power of other institutions, media organizations themselves become powerful (Eide, 2001). The role of the legal mass media is vital in every democracy, with independent media having a crucial role on behalf of citizens – to convey information about society, to facilitate public debate, and to be a watchdog on behalf of society. In addition, regional and local media have a mission to provide a voice to inhabitants located in different geographical regions. They perceive views and communicative perspectives from a regional standpoint as a vital part of their societal role (Nielsen, 2015; Mathisen, 2010).

An active local public sphere: the role of new media in creating a contemporary local democracy in the case of Poland

Author(s): Ilona Biernacka-Ligięza / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Globalization does not render locality irrelevant, but challenges it, as was emphasised, for instance, by the concepts of glocalization (Featherstone, Lash, & Robertson, 1995, pp. 25–44) or translocality (Appadurai, 1996). In general, these concepts suggest that encounters of the local and the global can be productive in terms of modifying locality by placing it in the wider context of the global and vice versa. In the case of using digital technologies in a local context, we are not interested in the width but in the depth. Looking at the implementation of the digital technologies in local communities, we are not concerned with the question of how the local gets modified by the global, but if it can become intensified. Some scholars provide sceptical accounts of the decaying sense of participation in the life of local communities and argue that in the late modern period real (off-line) local communities dissolve into isolated individuals (Putnam, 2001). Potential intensification of the local participatory energy on and through the internet is therefore more important in that it is missing even in the real life of local communities.

Media Framing of “Medical Futility”

Author(s): Kim McGuire / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The cases of Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans in the UK have made public the difficult nature of “medical futility” cases. The media has undoubtedly played a significant role in this global dissemination. This chapter discusses interpretations of the media role, as both ‘negative’ and ‘positive.’ Arguably, for the families, media reporting enabled widening access to avenues of support. For the medical professionals it brought abuse and declining trust, partly due to partisan and limited access to information, and an emphasis upon emotive story telling. How these conflicting viewpoints can be ‘mediated’ and ‘moderated’ in the future will be discussed.

Narrative & Strategic Communications

Author(s): Scott Ruston / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Strategic communicators need concepts, methods and tools to both analyse the information environment in which they work and in order to craft communication campaigns that will resonate with audiences and accomplish organizational objectives. One of the most powerful rhetorical and analytic devices for these purposes is narrative. Narrative is so central to human understanding and decision making that communication theorist Walter Fisher proposed that humans should be called homo narrans or ‘storytelling man’ rather than homo sapiens (‘thinking man’). He argues, in part, that human decisions and behaviours are driven more by narrative logic and that rational logic while it still applies to human thinking is subordinate to narrative logic. Couple this assertion of fundamental human nature with a consideration of the presence of ‘narrative’ in reporting on any political contest or analysis of geopolitical conflict.

THE USE OF PROPAGANDA POSTERS IN HISTORY CLASSES

Author(s): Nicolae Hurduzeu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We live in a period when the majority of the important messages about the social issues and events are sent by different media channels such as the television, written press or the internet. For the success of democracy, it is essential that the students, the future adults of our society, should have the ability to analyse and evaluate the messages received through various means of communication. Even since school, students should have the capacity to understand the influence of mass media messages on the way in which they understand the world they live in. Students need to be trained to identify and use various communication techniques of messages in different media forms. In order to do this, history classes may be the perfect setting for the analysis of some primary historic sources. The image, the picture and the propaganda poster are primary historic sources each having their own code of communication. These involve symbols, colour schemes, they may even involve sounds. The analysis of images, photos, is that more important today as the cultural life of the younger generations is rather visual that written. Without these critical abilities we risk losing the diversity and freedom of thinking which form the foundation of a truly democratic society.

CHALLENGES TO TRADITIONAL PREACHING PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND MEDIA

Author(s): Ventsislav Popivanov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Pastoral art of homiletics is basic for church mission among faithful believers, newcomers and whole people, country and society. Preaching is ancient traditional church practice, but at the same time, it is a communication with earthly church of every particular place and time. Individual characteristics of preaching the Gospel are central, including some theological interpretation, sacred historical narrative, common spiritual advice and examples from the life of the faith community. Priests usually learn and practice preparation and delivering of homilies in the mature stages of their vocational theological education. What clergy delivers solemnly from the pulpit and in the media in a form of sacred artistic speech with special rhythm and contents, has to clearly orient people in their belief and confession, to consolidate particular denominational unit, and internally enlighten every single present soul to God. Every ordinary priest is called every day to lead his flock to salvation by simple steps that had been undertaken and developed by generation of ordained predecessors. As the determination of homilies to open distribution nowadays is the same as in the past and in the future, this paper discusses the effectiveness of preaching, based on sources from church heritage, and demands of life.

Çoklu Medya Türlerinde Posthümanizm ve Anlatıların Eyleyiciliği

Author(s): Başak Ağin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Materyal ekoeleştiriden posthüman ekoeleştiriye dönüşte öykü anlatıcılığını ve maddelerin eyleyiciliğini vurgulayan Serpil Oppermann, 2016 tarihli “Posthümanizmden Posthüman Ekoeleştiriye” (“From Posthumanism to Posthuman Ecocriticism”) başlıklı makalesinde, “uyaranlara tepki veren sentetik maddeyi nasıl yorumlarız? Kendiliğinden etkinlik belirtileri sergileyen bu tekno-bilimsel eyleciliklerin kültürel çıkarımları nelerdir? Somut karakteri içinde bu yeni gerçekliği nasıl anlamlandırır, maddeci eyleyiciliklerle kodlanmış ‘yaratıcı oluşun’ kültürel ve ekolojik katmanlarını nasıl kavramsallaştırırız?” diye sorar (23) . Bu sorular, posthümanizmin kuramsal çerçevesinin artık netlik kazandığı, posthüman akış ve oluş gibi kavramların akademik kitlelerin zihninde berraklaştığı bugünlerde artık o kadar da hayret verici görünmüyor. Asıl şaşırtıcı olan ise aradan geçen beş yıl gibi kısacık bir zamanda posthümanizmin akademik bilinirliğinin ve doğru biçimde konumlanışının bu kadar büyük bir hızla gerçekleşmesidir. Ancak buradan duyduğumuz umutlu hisler, yüzümüzü posthüman bedenlerin bizzat kendilerini oluşturan günlük yaşantılarımıza ve madde ile her zaman birbirine bağlı olan anlam üretme pratiklerimize çevirdiğimizde ne yazık ki yok oluyor. Burada kuramsal açıdan çözümlenmeyi bekleyen iki yönlü bir sorun bulunuyor: Maddenin öykü anlatıcılığının sürekli olarak yanlış anlaşılması bu sorunun bir yönünü, insan biçimlilik diye tercüme edebileceğimiz antropomorfizmin yine insanı merkeze koyan bir anlayışa destek çıkıyormuş gibi algılanması ise ikinci yönünü teşkil ediyor. Bu nedenle, posthümanizmin ve maddenin anlatılara dair dolanıklığının akademi dışı dünyada da ses getirmesi, anlaşılması, kavranması ve bunlara bağlı politik, sosyal ve etik çerçevelerin yeniden çizilmesi gerekiyor. Bunun en hızlı, en kolaylaştırıcı ve en sağlam kaynağının çoklu medya türlerine dönmek olduğu inancındayım.

THE POTENTIAL OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN THE PURSUIT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTIVES

Author(s): Iulia-Alexandra COJOCARU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Under the assumption that communication is the most convenient way to know and understand the world we live in, this paper focuses on the importance of effective strategic communication, in line with the national security objectives. The potential of the communication process in achieving the desired effects has long been exploited by organizations and businesses. Nowadays, the actors in the international arena use this potential to pursue their own interests, giving rise of new threats, which in terms of security are placed under the umbrella of hybrid threats (propaganda, disinformation, fake news etc.). It is, therefore, necessary to develop new ways of combating such threats, adapted to the contemporary security environment, and to the security trends brought by current phenomena that the world is facing - such as globalization or technological advances. In this respect, international organisations such as NATO or the EU – at the regional level –, and states – at the national level –, shall endeavour to develop a framework for effective use of strategic communication. Thus, the paper aims to present solid arguments regarding the potential of strategic communication in supporting a state’s instruments of power pursuing national security objectives, when it is conceived in an effective manner. The paper also emphasizes the benefits that an efficient strategic communication process can bring to a state’s society, compared to the negative effects that the lack of it brings to other ones.

THE NEW PARADIGM OF COMMUNICATION. INFLUENCING THE ALGORITHM THAT CONTROLS THE SPREAD OF INFORMATION

Author(s): Mihai Belu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The media channel's audience was determined by the circulation or the coverage of radio and TV stations. The digital age has changed these milestones. The news reaches readers mainly through digital platforms, and media institutions are no longer broadcasters but content generators. We will analyze how specific technical parameters influence the audience. Some technical parameters affect the spread of information more than its quality. Some algorithms decide the spread of the news, and those are secret due to commercial laws. The algorithms that determine what information will be viral are the property of the companies operating the digital platforms that are ruling at this moment information industry. They seek profit, and the rules of the algorithms are profit-oriented. We will try to see what parameters are essential and how they influence the spreading of the news. We will take a closer look at the metrics of the most influential newspaper in Romania and the UK to find a relation between some technical facts and the news audience. The central fact analyzed in this research is the backlinks connecting a specific website to the world wide web. This parameter remains one of the most crucial factors that influence the spreading of an article's news and newspaper audience.

ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ДИГИТАЛНИ ПЛАТФОРМИ ЗА ВИРТУАЛНИ КЛАСНИ СТАИ В ИЗВЪНРЕДНО ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ

Author(s): Spasimir Emilov Tsvetanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report will include review some of the most popular platforms for online communication in real time and the opportunities they present in regards conducting lectures online. Their additional features focused on improving the two way communication and interaction will be compared and evaluated.

Medya, Habercilik Alanı ve Sosyal Sermaye İlişkisi: Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu Bağlamında Kuramsal Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Ahmet Biçer,Mustafa Koçer / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Media and the field of journalism are dynamically interconnected with other social structures and actors from a sociological perspective. It is possible to address this relationship at the macro or micro levels from the perspective of the social capital approach. Social capital has social implications as potential resources embedded within actors' communication networks, serving as a cohesive element that holds society together, such as individual trust levels. Regardless of the perspective from which it is taken, the social capital approach has a direct and reciprocal relationship with the fields of communication, media and journalism. Important theorists examine these relationships. The study aims to reveal the connection points between the field of media and journalism and the social capital approach on the axis of the evaluations of Tocqueville, Putnam and Bourdieu. Firstly, the topic is approached in the context of Tocqueville's evaluations on the relationship between civil society and the press in his work 'Democracy in America'. Then, Robert Putnam's perspective in line with the work of communication theorist George Gerbner, especially in the context of television viewership and its effects on social capital, was analyzed. Thirdly, an association was made between Pierre Bourdieu's idea of 'journalism and the media field' and his unique capital approach. The following conclusions were reached within the framework of the views of the three theorists: 1) The media can contribute to social capital by enabling civil and political components of society to dialog. 2) Media and journalism production practices affect social capital to the extent of their determining influence on people's perceptions. 3) The fact that media viewing is one of the most important leisure time activities leads to changes in civic and political participation. 4) Actors/perpetrators working in the media benefit from their social capital in their productive activities in the field. 5) Journalist actors/perpetrators perceive social capital within their own sociality and their journalistic perceptions and practices are shaped accordingly.

Specifika současné soukromé elektronické komunikace

Author(s): Ivana Večeřová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tento text je zaměřen na specifické rysy soukromé elektronické komunikace realizované prostřednictvím facebookového Messengeru. Vedle typických jevů, jako jsou slova cizího původu, specifické zkracování a zvláštní grafické prostředky (emotikony), o kterých hovoří například Hoffmannová (2016), se příspěvek věnuje též dalším jevům, jimiž se publikace dosud příliš nezabývají. Zejména jde o jevy způsobené autokorekcí, zvláštnosti v užití diakritiky, o výraznou fragmentárnost a dekontextualizaci.

DEMOCRACY, SECURITY AND TECHNOLOGY

Author(s): Claudia Roda,Rebecca Stone,Antonio Kung,Sekai Zhou,Slađana Ćurčić,Srđan T. Korać,Mokhtarrudin Ahmad,Kavitha Balakrishnan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Standardization for High Impact Technologies: Why Citizens Should Care, Claudia Roda, Rebecca Stone and Antonio Kung; Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence and the Novel: Realizing Women’s Rights, Sekai Zhou; Cybersecurity Culture from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory: Examining the Relevance of the Reciprocal Determinism Model, Slađana Ćurčić; Unsettling Future of AI-Powered Police-Human Interaction: A Shadow of a Doubt over Moral Sensitivity, Srđan T. Korać; Strategies for Cybersecurity Innovation and Crisis Communication in Digital Democracy Era; Mokhtarrudin Ahmad and Kavitha Balakrishnan