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The paper sets out to examine the dialectical concept of memory as forgetting presented in Bloom’s Poetry and Repression. In his speculative investigations, Bloom draws heavily on two of his predecessors: Freud and Kierkegaard. He borrows the notions of trauma and repression from the former and develops them into the concept of the Scene of Instruction, which is a story of the initiation into the realm of poetry. From the latter, he borrows the concept of crop rotation, which deals with the art of remembering through forgetting, and vice versa. Bloom misreads both these concepts to create a theoretical construct of his own. Bloom follows Freud in that he shows how the poetic ego emerges through a reaction to the traumatic event of the Scene of Instruction. However, while Freud claims that it is by recollection that people can work through their traumas and return to sanity, Bloom says that both recollection and sanity are detrimental to human creative capabilities and that it is only through repression that a poet as poet can misread his predecessors and create poetry of his own. Bloom follows Kierkegaard in that he says that repression involves a dialectic of remembering and forgetting that, when put together, create an active faculty that shapes one’s individual experience. While Kierkegaard uses his concept to create an aesthetic or contemplative existence that is always new and devoid of any excessive pleasure or pain, Bloom claims that conflict is an inherent part of human existence and that this very conflict is in fact a chance for a poet to individuate from tradition understood as the eternal return of the same.
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The present work enters sociology of literature and is, to a great extent, based on empirical study. The main aim of this work is to confront scientific interpretation of the Cinderella story with an intuitive reception of the story by adults. A questionnaire serves as the main research tool and is composed of close and open questions. The questionnaire is constructed in such way that each answer corresponds to a given scientific interpretation, for example: a) presents psychoanalytical views, b) is related to the feminist approach etc. Philologists and psychologists are excluded from the responding group, as the could possibly encounter Cinderella in terms of scientific approach; the author wants to receive an interpretation based mainly on creativity and intuition. In order to analyze the story, certain literature and psychological publications are used, as well as dictionaries, mainly dictionaries of symbols which are essential in reading stories. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical part of the story. It answers questions about the definition of a story, its meaning and functions nowadays. The following chapters introduce the analysis of Cinderella in terms of achievements and empirical study of its reception. It is also an attempt of recognizing potential issues in the story which may be discovered through careful reading.
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This article treats about the book The Brothers Grimm and the Sister Death of Jadwiga Wais, which is about circumstances attending a passing, inalienable subjectivity of moribund, ways of handling with the fear of death, and interprets selected writings of Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm. The fairy-tale serving a therapeutic and compensatory functions and being a narration, can be and it is the very important element of education not only to life, but also to death understood as an immanent part of lifetime. It is also part of children’s literature focusing on death issue and facing with often parents and teachers helplessness with conversations about this difficult theme. Fairy-tales by using metaphors have an ability of gradually uncovering next, important for development contents, which have also cognitive nature, and answer the individual fear of Unknown.
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The article is an attempt at an affective reading of poems by Wisława Szymborska, who was sensitive to poetic methods and strategies of building the mental fabric of poems, creating relations of intimacy, and accentuating the tensions, emotions and moods. The essence of the emotionalism of this poetry lies in the difference between affection and affectation. Some avant-garde inspirations of Szymborska are discussed. The author of the article proposes also to read this poetry in the context of Mikhail Bakhtin’s category of “co-presence,” termed by Tzvetan Todorov as “exotopy.” Early poems by Szymborska are confronted with her later poetry, and the central meeting point are the empathy and mindfulness with which the poet treats the described characters. The author of the article focuses particularly on numerous references to the dead, who in Szymborska’s poetry function as “figures of absence.”
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Cognitive behavior theories are among the youngest paradigms in clinical psychology. They are subjected to constant modifications, which raises a lot of misunderstandings and misinterpretations. Some authors argue that this concept is inconsistent and personality traits recede into the background. They claim that cognitive theory is more the psychology of behavior, cognitive processes and structures than the psychology of human being (Sęk, 2005). The history of cognitive ideas development allows us to understand their assumptions, their current place in psychopathology, and the current state of knowledge. The division into the so-called three “waves” of the cognitive behavior theories renders it possible to separate stereotypes about this theory from its proper image. The article describes the current state of the cognitive behavior theories, with account given to the latest generation, which includes: Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as well as Schema Focused Therapy (SFT).
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The paper is aimed at presenting some basic data concerning organization of postgraduate education of psychologists in clinical psychology, a specialization area which is applicable in health care It is also planned to emphasize the usefulness of educational programmes aimed at gaining specialization in clinical psychology, and to present their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of a psychological practitioner. Irrespective of the drawbacks of the specialization training programmes, it is important to point to the fact that they give a chance to expand specialist knowledge in the fi eld of applied psychology and to apply it in practice with individuals who are in difficult health-related situations. While characterizing the procedure of educating clinical psychology specialists, it is also important to consider validity of the directions of postgraduate education with reference to contemporary standards and development objectives concerning the promotion of mental health in the European Union. The cohesion policy concerning health care in all EU countries requires maintaining the standards which support a holistic and coordinated approach to mental health care.
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Dependencies between creativity and values can be investigated at various levels. Taking into consideration four dimensions in which human creative competence reveals, the present article concentrates on the study of connections between these variables. The presented theoretical conceptualization and the results of research are aimed at demonstrating that an individual’s inner creativity, individual externalised creativity, group (social) creativity, and values, both those displayed in individual judgements and hierarchies and those accepted by members of a broader group, interact with each other. The importance of creativity in compromising axiological issues is shown in the article. The role that is played by values in individual creativity and their impact on the level and range of an innovation are also presented.
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The study presented in the publication was located in a qualitative methodology. The aim of the research was to understand concerns and aspirations for change in the lives of 35–42-year-old childless and unmarried women. The results have proved that the interviewees are anxious about future. Their anxiety has been exacerbated by the death of their parents, experienced loneliness, and lack of the sense of life. Since the participants had lost their hope to find a right man and thus become a wife, they began to think about being a mother only. However, their true desire was to create a full family, not one plus one model. The use of the sperm bank, an arrangement with a male friend, or a passionate affair with a stranger, were considered as possible ways for procreation. One of the most important problems of delayed motherhood envisaged by the examined women was the lack of support in childcare from grandparents.
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Gender equality is an important aspect of a happy family. It is expressed in equality of tasks sharing, decisions related to organization of family life, equal treatment of daughters and sons etc. The main aim of the study was to look at the effect of immigration on the perception of gender equality. Respondents of this study were 196 Vietnamese living in Vietnam (100 persons) and Poland (96 persons). Methods of the study included: the purposely designed questionnaire administered to all participants and the in-depth interview conducted with 15 Vietnamese who got married to Poles. Two types of family relations are the main focus of the paper: a relation between spouses and between parents and off spring. The results indicate equality of husbands and wives in work and economic aspects, as both work outside the house and contribute financially. Although participants overtly confirmed the equality of children of both sexes, but in particular situations they still expressed some preference for sons. Such pattern of results is confirmed in both groups of participants.
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This article attempts to describe the typology of places at home. These home places are constructed in relation to everyday practices, emotions, and ways of remembering special or meaningful events. At the same time, home may be seen as a place of socialization and de-socialization, loved and hated. Experiencing domesticity might be characterized as many-sided and a changeable phenomenon. Emotional dimensions of home are described by instability and transiency. Despite this fact, some emotions are related to the home practices longer than other ones. These feelings define crucial features of using the space at home.
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A longitudinal qualitative study on the experience of volunteers giving care to patients of internal geriatric ward was conducted under the Wholesome Contact Project - the first program for non-pharmacological prevention of delirium among hospitalized elders in Poland and Central-Eastern Europe. The volunteers were recruited from psychology, nursing, and medical students and then asked to visit patients in hospital ward to provide complex intervention. Idiographic approach was adopted in the study that consists of a series of interpretative case studies. Eight participants were interviewed twice in a semi-structured manner—before starting and after completing the period of volunteering. The aim of repeated interviews was to describe the changes in experience, motives, beliefs, and self-understanding of students influenced by their work on geriatric ward. In the study, Interpretative Phenomenological Approach was chosen to analyze the data, with the support of Atlas.ti software. As a result, we obtained complex descriptions of individual subjective experience of the participants’ work at a hospital ward, and several common issues revealed. The major ones are connected to the inevitability of contact with thoughts about death and to attempting to connect with patients suffering dementia, after the stroke, or presenting cognitive and perceptual disorders of delirium. Another substantial difficulty is the lack of visible effects of undertaken actions, decreasing the volunteers’ motivation to visit the ward and to participate in the project. The most important theme that came out from the analysis is the relationship between private and professional spheres in giving care to patients. Descriptions obtained and the attempts to understand the experience of medical and psychology students working as volunteers at geriatric ward may serve as a starting point to reflection on the medical personnel’s perspective and possible ways of supporting and protecting them from extensive burden of care, stress, and professional burnout. They might also be an inspiration for the future medical staff education.
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This paper analyzes cultural factors of the Baltic and Scandinavian societies applying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions’ model, also Herd behavior manifestation probability within stock markets of these countries. It was revealed, that the likelihood of the Herd behavior occurrence is reduced, when dimensions of the individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation are dominating cultural environment of the country.
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This article focuses on the phenomenon of digital culture. Through the prism of Jungian psychology, it looks at the madness of imagopathy. The virtual world transcends the boundaries between wakefulness and dream, between rational and mythical thought. This is the world of samsara, governed by the law of enantiodromia. Freud believed that people unconsciously want their own destruction. The final destructiveness rational order is based on the famous antiutopias, „Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley and „The Circle” by Dave Eggers. Conclusion: Everything is a myth. Rational thought is an illusion.
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I emphasize the need to interpret the world view expressed in the Greek mythology. I think that C. G. Jung’s theory of archetypes can by used to interpret it. I show some similarities between Greek gods and archetypes of Jung. There is also a similarity between the goal of human development assumed in the mythological wisdom and the goal of the psychological process of individuation in the analytical psychology. These similarities let us understand some aspects of Greek myths although it must be admitted this understanding is not exhaustive or the only one possible.
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The author takes up the question of the narrativity of the artistic radio message that is radio documentary. It looks at documenatry from the perspective of psychological research on storytelling. Hence it considers the radio documentary as a large-scale narration composed of smaller aural forms, constituting small narrations. The author examines numerous levels of the in-depth news report, lexical, prosodic and also phonic features. It also shows how the theory of radio documentary connects to narrative identity.
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In this study, prisoner psychology since the period of Dostoyevsky, challenges that prisoners experience and how this affect their psychology are analzyed through the works of “The House of the Dead” by F.M. Dostoyevsky, “Sakhalin Island” by A.P. Chekhov and “Snowball Berry Red” by V. Shukshin.
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In this study, the short-short story titled “the Game” by Şeza Bargus, is analyzed through a psychoanalytic approach. “The Game” is based on identity crisis and role confusion stemming from the oppression of the individual by social norms. In the face of the concept of roles in modern world, the clash between the individual, who wishes to experience the world according to his/her individualistic differences / wishes, and society / producers is depicted. This case is handled with the help of psychology and philosophy fields, which are the constituents of the psychoanalytic approach used in the analysis of the story.
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Globalization has strong impact on individuals and societies at large and family as most the most essential and fundamental cell in society is no exception. Nowadays, family has lost some of its basic internal functions whilst widespread and all present technological aids, strong needs for independence and individualism furthermore contribute to estrangement of and family members’ alienation. At the same time, status and roles of family members within family are changing as well. Despite these global trends and changes, family continues to be considered the most essential and supremely significant social institution, which gratifies and serves many individual and collective functions. This paper surveys family systems and transformations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially post-war and contemporary family developments.
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Motivation plays an important role in all forms of the success, especially in language learning. Motivation in English language learning often conditions the academic achievement of the students. This and similar predicaments led SLA researchers to develop different methodologies to determine the level of motivation among different types of students. Therefore, this paper aims to determine motivation components of English language learning; preferred learning components/methods; and the relationships between motivational components and preferred learning components/methods among IUS students. For testing the main research questions, Smidth’s (2006) adopted questionnaire was distributed to 70 students at the International University of Sarajevo. The research findings indicated that extrinsic motivation (M = 34.15) was the highest motivational factor for the students. Expectation as a motivational factor (M = 26.4) was at the second place for the students. Motivational strength with the (M = 13.00) followed as the next motivational factor. Intrinsic motivation (M = 12.97), stereotypical attitudes toward Americans & British (M = 12.15), personal psychological needs (M = 9.06) with their means as shown in the brackets were the least influential factors in students motivation. We have also found the correlation between the Motivational Components and the Preferred Learning components.
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