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Aging in Online Communities: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Recommendations

Author(s): Ana Isabel Veloso,Sónia Ferreira,Liliana Vale Costa,Óscar Mealha,Carlos Santos / Language(s): English Issue: 26 (2)/2020

The increase of computer-mediated communication use and the aging population has led to a renewed interest in online communities and social networks for active aging and social support in daily living. However, a systematic understanding of the design recommendations in Senior Online Communities is still lacking in scientific documentation. The aim of this paper is to identify the design recommendations used in online communities that support active aging. In addition, this paper highlights some of the benefits of using online communities by older adults. Twenty-three papers published between January 2015 and May 2020 in English-language, peer-reviewed publications, met inclusion criteria. The review presents a set of recommendations for designing online communities to enhance older adults’ social interactions. A process that aims for “engagement” is suggested to strategically guide the design of Senior Online Communities: Interacting – Sense of Belonging (Role-playing, Storytelling, and Legacy) – Engaging.

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Analyzing Data from Memory Tasks – Comparison of ANOVA, Logistic Regression and Mixed Logit Model

Author(s): Milica Popović Stijačić,Ljiljana Mihić,Dušica Filipović-Đurđević / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

We compared three statistical analyses over binary outcomes. As applying ANOVA over proportions violates at least two classical assumptions of linear models, two alternatives are described: the binary logistic regression and the mixed logit model. Firstly, we compared the effects obtained by the three methods over the same data from a previous memory research. All three methods gave similar results: the effects of the tasks and the number of sensory modalities were observed, but not their interaction. Secondly, by using the bootstrap estimates of the parameters, the efficacy of each method was explored. As predicted, the bootstrap parameter estimates of the ANOVA had large bias and standard errors, and consequently wide confidence intervals. On the other hand, the bootstrap parameter estimates of the binary logistic regression and the mixed logit models were similar – both had low bias and standard errors and narrow confidence intervals.

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ASSESSMENT OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONS – DATA FROM AN INVESTIGATION IN SUCEAVA COUNTY

Author(s): Elena Bujorean / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2019

Our work is based on a common sense observation of the relational difficulties betweenparents and teenagers, trying to place emphasis on their perspective on the familyenvironment. The psycho-social investigation followed the analysis of student opinionregarding the quality of the family environment as a whole, as well as on the following levels:the frequency and quality of communication, manifestation of affection, mutual gratificationand encouragement, giving the right to an opinion and the exercising of autonomy. A deeperknowledge of the problems which could influence adolescent behaviour could serve as astarting point for practical attempts at educational counselling.

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Autism, schizofrenie, ADHD. Perspective convergente

Author(s): Bogdana Susana Miclea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Over time, continuous efforts have been made to clarify and circumscribe diagnoses of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The diagnostic split between the 3 disorders dominated psychiatry after the 80s, being still used and recognized as such by the diagnostic manuals. Recently a shift and flexibility of the psychiatric paradigm has been noticed. The categorical perspective on mental illness is gradually complemented by the dimensional one. In the last decade, research in the field of neuroscience and psychology has brought evidence in favor of a partial overlap between ADHD, autism and schizophrenia. The hypothesis of a partial overlap can also be supported by non-medical or psychological theorizations, related to common deficits of symbolic structuring of the psyche in achieving a coherent representation of the world and of one's own person.

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Boşanma ve Boşanma Sonrası Uyum: Tanımlar, Modeller ve Uyumun Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Başak Öksüzler Cabılar,Adviye Esin Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Divorce is a stressful life transformation process that includes the post-divorce stage as well as the stages of decision making and divorce proceedings. This process affects almost all areas of life and causes many changes in living conditions. On the one hand, the divorced individual confronts the reality of the divorce and realizes the intense emotions and changes to deal with. On the other hand, the individual focuses on his/her transition to a new identity and lifestyle. Current statistics reveal the increase in divorce rates both in the world and in our country. Therefore, it seems important to consider the divorce process in terms of adjustment. There are many approaches to examine divorce and post-divorce adjustment process. Although these models differ in explaining post-divorce adjustment, all of them consider adjustment as a part of the divorce process. Thus, this review study has several purposes. First of all, current divorce rates and effects of divorce in legal, economic, social terms and in terms of psychological and physiological health will be included. Then, divorce and post-divorce adjustment models and assessment of adjustment will be explained. It is believed that a comprehensive review of divorce and post-divorce adjustment would facilitate divorced individuals to access appropriate information and support. Besides, correct understanding of the process regarding divorce and divorce-adjustment will be useful for further studies.

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BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school

Author(s): Ana-Maria Ţebrean,Andreea Ţebrean (Sabie) / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2018

In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.

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Comparative Analysis of Perfectionism and Value-Semantic Barriers of the Student's Personality

Author(s): Galina Epanchintseva,Irina Bukhtiyarova,Natalia Panich / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The research compares perfectionism as a personal quality and its value-semantic barriers during the acquisition of the first professional skills in order to provide psychological support for social adaptation. It is argued that timely diagnosis of such condition can clarify the necessary psychotherapeutic interventions. A program of point studies to present new empirical data and formulate new relationships between structural and nuclear characteristics of the individual was formalized. The classical quasi-experimental approach of D. Campbell was used for analysis. The achieved results can help to form a more critical scientific view on the studied problem.

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Comparison of Interests and Special Abilities of Left- and Right-handers

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Comparison of Interests and Special Abilities of Left- and Right-handers

Author(s): Ivanka Asenova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Cerebral lateralization is associated with differences in brain organization and handedness is seen as its main marker. In order to verify the hypothesis that differences in brain organization tend to be associated with different patterns of interests and abilities, 379 normal left-handed subjects (221 women, aged 18 – 72 years) and 366 normal right-handed subjects (256 women, aged 18 – 72 years) were interviewed about their interests and special abilities. The following interests and special abilities were studied: singing, playing an instrument, dancing, painting, acting, foreign language skills, sports skills, and writing poetry. The results in the left-handers group showed that there is a significantly higher percentage of subjects with a pronounced interest in playing an instrument. In the group of right-handers, the study demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of subjects specifically interested in learning foreign languages. With respect to the abilities, a significantly higher incidence of participants with vocal, instrumental, sports, and foreign language skills was found in the left-handers’ group. Differences in functional cerebral organization between left- and right-handers were suggested as possible explanation for the relationship of handedness with special abilities.

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Comparison of personality trait and emotional intelligence between the women who experienced domestic violence and control group

Author(s): Marzieh Seyyedyan,Tavakol Moosazadeh,Mohammad Narimani Mostaali Begloo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Aim. The aim of this research is comparing the role of personality traits and emotional intelligence between women who experienced domestic violence and a control group. Methods. The statistical population of the study includes all women (700 participants) referred to the judicial authorities of Ardabil province in 2019.The research sample included 30 women who experienced domestic violence and 30 women as control group (not experienced domestic violence) who were selected by available sampling method. To measure emotional intelligence and personality traits, the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and NEO Questionnaire was used. The questionnaires briefly describe and evaluate the two complex concepts of emotional intelligence and current emotional health. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and MANOVA. The main variables of the research were neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, extra-individual skills, conscientiousness, interpersonal skills, adaptability, stress control and public mood. Results. The findings of the research have shown that among the characteristics of the five major personality factors (NEO), only the neuroticism component was more prevalent among women who experienced domestic violence, and the rest of the personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new experiences) among control group were higher (P<0.05). Also, all components of emotional intelligence (extra-individual skills, intrapersonal skills, adaptability, stress control, and public mood) were higher among control group than those of women who experienced domestic violence (P<0.05). Conlusion. As a result, it can be acknowledged that personality traits and emotional intelligence abilities are among the main factors related to domestic violence and are very important in preventing this violence.

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Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and Internet addiction

Author(s): Sam-Wook Choi,Dai-Jin Kim,Jung-Seok Choi,Heejune Ahn,Eun-Jeung Choi,Won-Young Song,Seohee Kim,Hyunchul Youn / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Smartphone addiction is a recent concern that has resulted from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. This study assessed the risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction in college students and compared these factors to those linked to Internet addiction. Methods: College students (N = 448) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory I, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait Version), the Character Strengths Test, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The risk factors for smartphone addiction were female gender, Internet use, alcohol use, and anxiety, while the protective factors were depression and temperance. In contrast, the risk factors for Internet addiction were male gender, smartphone use, anxiety, and wisdom/knowledge, while the protective factor was courage. Discussion: These differences may result from unique features of smartphones, such as high availability and primary use as a tool for interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: Our findings will aid clinicians in distinguishing between predictive factors for smartphone and Internet addiction and can consequently be utilized in the prevention and treatment of smartphone addiction.

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COMPETENȚELE SOCIALE ȘI EMOȚIONALE ÎN RÂNDUL COPIILOR DE CICLU PRIMAR: DIFERENȚE ÎN FUNCȚIE DE VÂRSTĂ ȘI GEN

Author(s): Anișoara Sandovici,Cristina Maria Stoica,Voirel Robu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Among children, the acquisition and development of social competencies is closely linked to emotional development. Social and emotional competencies influence how children interact with others (e.g., parents, peers or teachers), how they deal with their emotions, and how they react to the events that happen around them.A growing body of empirical evidence is revealing the value of children’s social and emotional competencies for positive social behaviors, quality of interactions with peers, adjustment of stressful demands, school achievements, psychological well-being, and mental health. Therefore, investigating children’s social and emotional competencies becomes of practical importance to educators, school counselors, and parents. The current study aimed to identify the level of development of social and emotional competencies according to the age and gender of young school-age children. Based on the answers given by the parents at two screening scales, we obtained profiles of social and emotional competencies for 100 children (52 girls and 48 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. Comparative data revealed significant differences depending on the children’s age, but not on their gender. We discuss these findings based on the characteristics of social and emotional development at an early age.

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CONNECTION BETWEEN PERSONAL PERFECTIONISM AND EFFICIENCY OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Author(s): Anastasiia Knysh,Oleksandr Romanovskyi,Nina Pidbutska,Iryna Shtuchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Aim. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the connection between students’ learning efficiency and different indicators of personal perfectionism. The secondary objective was to study the characteristics of students’ learning effectiveness depending on the level of perfectionism. Methods. The participants of the study were 110 students studying at the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”. The level of personal perfectionism was measured with use of “Perfectionism” questionnaire by N.H. Haranian and A.B. Kholmohorova. The level of learning activities efficiency was measured due to expert evaluation with participation of 26 lecturers-experts. Descriptive statistics were used to report means and standard deviations of perfectionism scales and learning efficiency levels. T-test was used for finding differences in level of personal perfectionism among students with different level of learning efficiency. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for establishing correlations between level of learning efficiency and different scales of personal perfectionism. Results. The level of learning efficiency of students depends on the pace of learning, the quality of learning, the ability to generalize and synthesize new information. Positive statistically significant correlations were found between perfectionism and student learning efficiency. Conclusions. The study identified that the most vulnerable to manifestations of perfectionism is a group of students who demonstrate the highest achievement in learning. Due to the excessive expectations of others (real or fictional), they set unrealistic goals, do not feel satisfied with their achievements, do not adequately assess their capabilities.

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Covid-19 Nedeniyle Yakınlarını Kaybeden Bireylerde Yas Süreci ve Dini Başa Çıkma

Author(s): Said SAMİ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2021

The aim of this study is to explore the coping process and religious coping strategies of individuals who have lost their relatives due to COVID-19. In addition, the study aims to reveal the psycho-social changes they experienced after the loss. In the article, in which the qualitative research method was adopted, the data were collected through an e-mail questionnaire with open-ended questions. Snowball and criterion sampling techniques, which are among purposeful sampling techniques, were adopted in the study in which case study design was adopted. According to the criterion sampling, the participants were required to lose their relatives as a result of the COVID-19 virus and to have at least 5 months after the loss. A total of 28 people between the ages of 17-43 participated in our study. According to the results of the research, it was observed that the participants reacted to the loss, thinking that the deceased was alive, not believing, and reacting with shock. Participants were found to have adopted more positive religious coping strategies after loss. It has been seen that the most important contribution to alleviating the effect of this process is the belief in the hereafter, the idea of testing, the thought that what happens is only God's will, and the positive religious coping elements gratitude and patience.

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Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Aktif Çalışan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Ölüm Kaygısı ile Dini Başa Çıkma Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Mebrure Doğan,Faruk Karaca / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2021

There have been various periods experiencing the extraordinary cases such as pandemics, earthquakes, and droughts during the history of humanity. Covid-19 pandemic period is one of them when humanity experiences helplessness. When people encounter such cases increasing their levels of anxiety, activating their death anxiety, and falling outside their power, they use religious coping despite changing in its frequency depending on types and levels of belief. The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between levels of death anxiety and religious coping of the health staff struggling with the pandemic in the frontline. A total of 227 health staff voluntarily took part in this study conducted for this aim, and the data were collected via Internet. Consequently, in the study, it was detected that death anxiety of actively working health staff during the covid-19 pandemic were medium while their positive religious coping were higher than medium and their negative religious coping were lower than medium. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was detected that there was a statistically significant negative relationship between death anxiety and positive religious coping and negative religious coping, additionally there was positive relationship between death anxiety and subjective religiosity perception.

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CZY DORASTANIE MUSI BYĆ TRUDNE?

Author(s): Lucyna Bakiera / Language(s): Polish

Niewątpliwymi atutami książki są z jednej strony rzetelna informacja o zmianach zachodzących w życiu młodych ludzi – podana w sposób logiczny i uporządkowany, z drugiej zaś – spojrzenie poradnikowe: jak dorośli mogą na te zmiany reagować i które reakcje pomagają, a które przeszkadzają w rozwoju i układaniu wzajemnych relacji. Autorka pokazuje trudności, ale przedstawia je jako normalne i rozwojowe, wyjaśnia, obala mity. Pisze w sposób wyważony, nie posługuje się stereotypami, nie straszy, lecz uspokaja, buduje zrozumienie, co nadaje całości konstruktywny, pozytywny wydźwięk. Praca łączy w sobie wysokie walory merytoryczne dobrej książki naukowej z przystępnością formy i lekkością pióra książki popularnej. Co więcej, zawiera jasne i cenne wskazówki dotyczące postępowania. To połączenie wiedzy, mądrości i dobrego stylu czyni z niej pozycję ze wszech miar wartą polecenia. /// Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Piotra K. Olesia

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Czy neurotycy boją się skakać? Osobowościowe predyktory uprawiania sportu

Author(s): Jacek Skorupski-Cymbaluk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Teza. Celem artykułu jest zebranie i omówienie wiedzy z zakresu psychologii osobowości w sporcie oraz propozycja nowego wykorzystania dotychczasowych osiągnięć nauki w praktycznym treningu sportowym. Autor powołuje się na badania z zakresu osobowości, nawiązując szczególnie do teorii cech osobowości, postulując, że pomiędzy osobami, które uprawiają sport amatorsko i profesjonalnie, istnieją większe niż przeciętne, różnice indywidualne w natężeniu cech osobowości.Omówione koncepcje. Autor odwołał się do modeli osobowości PEN Eysencka, NEOAC Costy i McCrae, 16FP Cattella, koncepcji biologicznej Greya oraz do artykułów opisujących badania relacji osobowości z predyspozycjami i osiągnięciami sportowymi. Przedstawiono argumenty przemawiające za znaczeniem natężenia cech osobowości, takich jak neurotyczność czy ekstrawersja, w doborze metod treningowych (dobór rodzaju bodźców wzmacniających lub ćwiczeń).Wnioski. Współczesna literatura z zakresu psychologii sportu czerpie niewystarczająco z wiedzy z pozostałych gałęzi tej nauki, takich jak psychologia osobowości. Brakuje badań, które pozwoliłby skontrolować wpływ cech osobowości na sposób uprawiania sportu, szczególnie przez sportowców amatorskich.Ze względu na specyficzną konfigurację cech osobowości ludzie w specyficzny sposób reagują na bodźce: neurotycy silnie reagują na zagrożenie karą i ich zachowanie skupia się na unikaniu jej, podczas gdy ekstrawertycy kierują się potrzebą osiągnięć i nagród. Neurotycy charakteryzują się podwyższonym poziom lęku oraz mniejsza tolerancją bólu. Autor postuluje wykorzystanie tej wiedzy w praktyce trenerów sportu.

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DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Author(s): Vanesa Negoiță,Adriana Băban / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to analyze the current literature on the impact of infertility on women’s psychological health through systematic methods. A systematic review of the literature for the research of the psychological effects on infertile women was performed. Depression, anxiety and self-esteem were analyzed in the context of women with reproductive problems. Our results indicate that infertile women had higher levels of anxiety and depression, but also a lower self-esteem, compared to women without fertility problems. Almost half of the infertile women, presented in the literature included in this study, reported the presence of psychological problems. The risk factors identified as having important influences on the experience of infertility were age, level of education, employment, duration of infertility, type of infertility, known or unknown cause of infertility, intentionality, perceived social support and treatment for infertility. Of course, these experiences differ from woman to woman, but most of the times, the lifestyle and physical and mental health of infertile women are negatively affected.

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Distinguishing between gaming and gambling activities in addiction research

Author(s): Daniel L. King,Sally M. Gainsbury,Paul H. Delfabbro,Nerilee Hing,Brett Abarbanel / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Gambling and gaming activities have become increasingly recognised as sharing many common features at a structural and aesthetic level. Both have also been implicated as contributing to harm through excessive involvement. Despite this, relatively little attention has been given to the fundamental characteristics that differentiate these two classes of activity, especially in situations where the boundaries between them may be particularly hard to distinguish. This is evident, for example, in digital games that incorporate free and paid virtual currencies or items, as well as the capacity for wagering. Such overlaps create problems for regulatory classifications, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Is the problem related to the gambling or gaming content? Methods: In this paper, we review the principal sources of overlap between the activity classes in terms of several dimensions: interactivity, monetisation, betting and wagering, types of outcomes, structural fidelity, context and centrality of content, and advertising. Results: We argue that gaming is principally defined by its interactivity, skill-based play, and contextual indicators of progression and success. In contrast, gambling is defined by betting and wagering mechanics, predominantly chance-determined outcomes, and monetisation features that involve risk and payout to the player. A checklist measure is provided, with practical examples, to examine activities according to features of design and function, which may inform guidelines for policy makers, researchers and treatment providers. Discussion and conclusions: We suggest that, in some instances, using category-based nomenclature (e.g., “gambling-like game”) may be too vague or cumbersome to adequately organise our understanding of new gaming/gambling hybrid activities.

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DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder: Underlying structure and applicability to specific groups of gamblers

Author(s): Pawel Sleczka,Barbara Braun,Daniela Piontek,Gerhard Bühringer,Ludwig Kraus / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

DSM-5 provides nine diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. All criteria have a pre-assumed equal diagnostic impact and are applied to all individuals and groups in an equal manner. The aims of the study are to analyse the structure underlying the diagnosis and to assess whether DSM-5 is equally applicable to different groups of gamblers. Methods: Data from the 2009 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse and from a study on slot machine gamblers were used. Item Response Theory analysis was applied to estimate discrimination and severity parameters of the criteria. With the use of Differential Item Functioning analysis, potential criterion biases were analysed.We analysed data from 107 participants from the general population sample and 376 participants from the slot machine gamblers’ sample who answered a 19-item diagnostic questionnaire based on the DSM criteria for gambling disorder. Results: A single underlying factor, the severity of gambling disorder, was identified in both samples. In the general population sample the criteria of preoccupation and chasing were least severe and showed low discriminatory power. Bailout, withdrawal and jeopardized matters criteria had highest severity and discriminatory power. The comparison of the two samples revealed two criterion biases in the preoccupation and tolerance criteria. Conclusions: The structure underlying the criteria is unidimensional but the disorder is manifested differently depending on disorder severity. The assumed equal impact of each criterion lacks support in the findings. The DSM-5 criteria measure a partially different construct in slot machine gamblers than in gamblers in the general population.

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Efekat boje pozadine i osvetljenja na opaženu svetlinu

Author(s): Sunčica Zdravković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2007

Four experiments attempted to establish an effect of context on lightness. Lightness is one of the dimensions of color and it varies from black to white. Most of our stimuli were inspired by simultaneous lightness contrast illusion. First two experiments contrast the size of an effect produced by the change of background color vs. the change in illumination. The third experiment deals with different type of illusions, where the effect is obtained through the appearance of multiple illumination levels. The last experiment takes into account the ratio of the target and the background. The results reveal the size of effects produced separately by the background color and illumination level and suggest the prime importance of background. Also there are other factors such as reflectance range in the scene, incremental and decremental targets, and 2D vs. 3D representation.

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