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Intervention Strategies in Language Development at Preschool Age

Author(s): Silvia Făt,Georgeta Pânișoară,Cristina Sandu,Doru-Vlad Popovici / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2017

The article presents some focus-group results regarding the efficiency of practices in the language development at the preschool age, in order to discover the most advantageous strategies for valorizing them. The language is an essential tool of children's development which provides learning opportunities for communication and interpersonal relationships. In an attempt to describe how teachers usually intervene, the structured discussion has shown the following: the most common difficulties of children in language-centered activity, the specialized support that experts can offer in such situations, the impact of verbal behavior on the socialization in kindergarten, the treatment way of these errors by appropriate teaching methods. The game is highlighted as the most effective method of reducing vulnerable verbal behaviors in its variant as an active group method. The technology integration in language development is a popular trend in the education and language therapy. As it emerges from the discussion, teachers need more resources in addressing speech difficulties, referring in particular to digital resources. Interactive platforms such as TIMLOGORO would be extremely useful tools in the specialist intervention with which the teachers collaborate.

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The method of the exercise used in academic teaching

Author(s): Ramona Răduţ-Taciu,Ioana Magdaş,Nicoleta Marţian / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2009

Das Üben ist eine Lehrmethode. Sie ist Teil der Kategorie der auf praktischer Handlung basierenden Methoden, wo die operative reale Handlung dominiert. Diese Methode impliziert die Automatisierung der didaktischen Handlung durch Festigung und Perfektionierung der Basisoperationen, wodurch die Realisierung einer didaktischen Aufgabe auf vorgeschriebenem und wiederholbarem Niveau erreicht wird. Das Üben ist eine grundlegende Methode in der didaktischen Handlung, da sie zur Festigung der Kenntnisse, zur Bildung von Fertigkeiten, zur Entwicklung der Gedankengänge, bestimmter intelektueller und physischer Fähigkeiten und Leistungen, bestimmter moralischer Qualitäten, zur Entwicklung kreativer Fähigkeiten und auch zur Vermeidung von Vergesslichkeit beiträgt.

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Developing pre-adolescent students’ potential by stimulating their motivation and positive attitude towards school

Author(s): Liana Crisan-Tàusan / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2009

Für das Lehrkraft sollte der Ansporn der Schüler für die Motivierung zum lernen einer der Haupt- sowie ständige Begründung sein, umso mehr, als die Motivierung als zweiter in die Hierarchie der Wichtigkeit der Faktoren beigemessen wurde. Die Qualität der Egebnisse in die Tätigkeit des lernens, sowie die Anpassung der Schüler an diese Tätigkeit sind abhängig auch von der Art und Abstufung der Motivierung des lernens. Um die Aufnerksamkeit füe die lern Tätigkeit der Jugendlichen Schüler anzuspornen, wir haben eine Reihe von Aktivitäten entworfen und implementiert.

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Important aspects regarding the newly emerging needs of children in Romania

Author(s): Adriana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2011

The newly emerging needs is a concept used to describe the needs of children and young adults not using a classic label, which includes a loosely connected group of challenges, opportunities, events, problems and threats that are relevant to the overall development of children and young adults. This situational group can cause a succession of effects that might have serious consequences upon their lives. These needs are out of ordinary since they have not been found in any other period and generation, and even if they have been found, there is a dramatic increase in their incidence.

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Razlike u odstupajućim navikama hranjenja prema obrascima privrženosti roditeljima

Author(s): Melisa Husarić,Erna Emić,Ljubica Tomić Selimović,Alija Selimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2019

The aim of this study is to examine differences in disordered eating patterns of adolescent regarding to the type of attachment to parents. The survey is conducted on a sample of 898 high school students from the Tuzla Canton (488 female and 410 male). The average age of adolescents is 17.5 years. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is used to measure disordered eating patterns, and modified version of Brenan’s Experiences in close Relations Inventory (ECR) is used to measure attachment patterns to parents. About two-thirds of the students are allocated in a type of secure attachment to their parents, and the rest of students are classified along the three categories: fearful, avoidant and preoccupied attachment. A total of about 10% of adolescents are classified as individuals with disordered eating patterns. According to the modalities in the set of disordered eating habits, the most frequent is the dieting, and the least manifested is bulimia. The results of the study show that family attachment has an effect on disordered eating patterns as a whole (EAT scale): F (3, 892) = 7.79, p <.001, ω2 = .02), and the same is detected for all the dimensions: dieting F (3, 892) = 4.60, p <.005, ω2 = .01), bulimia F (3,892) = 5.93, p <.001,ω2 = .01) and oral control F (3, 892) = 4.02, p <.01, ω2 = .01). Adolescents with secure attachment have significantly less symptomatology of disordered eating patterns, dieting and bulimia, than adolescents with insecure attachment styles.

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Uticaj vannastavnih aktivnosti na poboljšanje motoričkih sposobnosti kod djece mlađe školske dobi

Author(s): Kanita Granov / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4-5/2015

The research has been carried out on 40 examinees (20 extracurricular activities students and 20 primary school students), born in 1997. and 1998. The differences in motorical abilities were set out in almost all variables in favour of the extracurricular activities students. The aim is to determine the level of transformational impact of extra-curricular activities to improve some motor characteristics of students (primary), as well as some characteristics of physical development (secondary).

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Uticaj tjelesnog vježbanja na motoričke sposobnosti učenika u razrednoj nastavi

Author(s): Milica Bešović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2011

The aim of this study was to determine whether, how, why and how physical exercise affects the motor skills of students in classrooms. The sample (40) students applied for the five tests assessment coordination, explosive strength, repetitive strength arm and shoulder area, repetitive forces troops and flexibility. t-test determined the existence of significant differences between the results of students who, along with regular physical education classes, involved in extracurricular activities and outcomes Specifically students who are not involved in such activities. Although the small number of samples, it could be concluded that extracurricular activities Specifically positive effect on motor researched anthropological dimensions of space subjects from a population of students in classrooms.

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Путеви трансформације традиционалних дечијих игара Срба у Товаришеву

Author(s): Aleksandar Krel / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2004

The topic o f this paper is change and transformation in traditional children’s games among Serbs in Tovariševo. These games used to be played for a long time in almost intact form, until the second half of the 20th century. All traditional children’s games from Tovariševo are classified into three basic groups: competitive games, competitive-drama games and imitation-drama games. This paper emphasizes competitive traditional children’s games; that is, various playful activities exhibit by boys only. The games in question could serve as an example of connection between children’s play and socio-economic and cultural systems where games originated in the first place. Moreover, these games represented a significant mode of socialization: they helped children to acquire socially desirable and expected characteristics. This particular type of game had tremendous educational, cognitive and developmental functions. In decades following World War II, under the pressure of global socio-economic and cultural changes that encompassed the former Yugoslavia, these traditional children’s games started to change gradually, following the changes in a rural, traditional way of life. The changes in socio-political settings, economy, innovations brought by technical culture and changes in family structure in general, led to a formal transformation in the structure of games. A number of traditional games were reduced, some disappeared all together, or underwent modification and modernization. Traditional games that once corresponded to rural socio-economic and cultural settings are gradually disappearing, surrendering to the ones that match up to the needs of “modem” villages.

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UTJECAJ PODUČAVANJA U MALIM KOOPERATIVNIM SKUPINAMA NA USVAJANJE ZNANJA I ZADOVOLJSTVO STUDENATA

Author(s): Mira Klarin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 36+37/1998

The aim of this research was to compare the effects of classic teaching and the effects of cooperative teaching of students. These effects were observed on the cognitive level (assessment of stereotype knowledge) and motivational level (subjective assessment of satisfaction with the teaching realized). The students (N=71) were separated into two groups (N1=41, N2=30), and they attended lectures in developmental psychology, which were presented to them in two defined ways (the classic method and cooperative method in small groups). The second, smaller group of students was divided into two yet smaller groups (15 students in each). Before and after the teaching process (two months elapsed comprising 8 lectures and 8 workshops) the measuring instruments previously mentioned were used to carry out the examinations. The results of the variance analysis indicate that there is a difference in the quantity of stereotypes, which were considerably higher with traditional education. Significantly greater satisfaction with the way the teaching was carried out was expressed by students in the cooperative teaching method group. The different effects of teaching could be explained by intrinsic motivation, which developed during cooperative teaching.

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ZNAČAJ IGRE U RAZVOJU PREDŠKOLSKOG DJETETA

Author(s): Adela Karišik Nikulić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2015

The game is the basis of human activity in childhood and great fun for the whole life. Its influence on children's development is invaluable. The game will engage the child as a whole provided they meet djecija interests, emotional preferences, volitional processes, revealing behavior, symbolic function, motor and perceptual skills and already gained experience in the game. In addition, throughout the game the kids have fun and enjoy the company of their peers. Her child is the most natural and freest meet their needs for exercise and activity. It is also one of the first ways of learning. The game has great significance for the overall development of the child and his personality and because it is the main form and means of education

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The Effect of Joy and Anxiety on Egocentric Decisions among Young Adults

Author(s): Karina Kravčenko,Laura Šeibokaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2018

Adult egocentrism is described as a tendency to assess a situation or object based on personal experience, opinion or attitude, regardless of a different another person’s perspective. Scientists argue that this phenomenon is one of the major sources of interpersonal conflicts and disagreements. Knowing that the daily functioning of young adults is based on social interactions accompanied by various emotions, it is important to understand how this may influence their egocentrism. The aim of the study is to investigate how egocentric decisions of young adults are influenced by the emotions of joy and anxiety. Methods. The experiment was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania. The sample consisted of 35 students from the department of Social Sciences (27 females, 8 males; average age 21.4). In order to cause emotions of joy and anxiety, an autobiographic memory task was used (Todd, Forstmann, Burgmer, Brooks, & Galinsky, 2015). In order to measure egocentric decisions, a perspective-taking task was created which consisted of 10 descriptions of the stories and the same number of voice messages belonging to each story. Results. All the subjects inside the different groups displayed a higher number of egocentric decisions when compared to non-egocentric ones. The results also showed that emotions of joy and anxiety did not increase the occurrence of the egocentric decisions. Conclusions. Our findings underline that emotions of joy and anxiety may not influence egocentric decisions of young adults (aged 18 to 29). The results also suggest that young adults may be essentially egocentric, regardless of such internal factors as emotions.

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Adolescents’ Social Emotional Health and Empathy in Lithuanian Sample

Author(s): Ala Petrulytė,Virginija Guogienė / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2018

Non-decreasing extent of bullying, increasing rates of various dependencies and suicides, high level of adolescents’ behavioural and emotional problems are observed in Lithuanian schools at present. Academic literature sources have revealed that adolescents’ mental health is mainly researched from the deficitoriented perspective, i.e. factors under research are related to various impairments, encountered difficulties or their risk. It is particularly important to conduct research on the positive adolescent development, its strengths, emotional and social areas of health that can be developed. The present research emphasizes a positive development of youth and social emotional aspects of such development. Aim. To investigate differences in adolescents’ social and emotional health and empathy by age and gender in the Lithuanian sample. Method. Social and Emotional Health Survey (Furlong et al., 2014) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980). The sample: 600 adolescents (12–18 year olds) from various Lithuanian schools. Research results and conclusions. The scores of SEHS–S scales of belief-in-self and engaged living are statistically significantly higher in the group of junior adolescents (12–15 year olds) and those of empathy (IRI) are higher among senior adolescents (16–18 year olds); significantly higher scores of empathy scales are observed in the group of girls compared to boys. The results of the conducted research contribute to the development of expression of school learners’ social and emotional health and empathy.

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Relația dintre tulburările de tip ADHD și tulburările de limbaj la vârsta preșcolară

Author(s): Claudia Lupuleac- Denes / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

This comparative research has its focus on investigating the presence of ADHD behavior disturbance disorders among the preschoolers who have speech disabilities.The design of the study that has been used is a comparative one. The research participants were represented by 64 preschoolers, age 3-6, divided into two independent test samples: preschoolers who have speech disabilities and preschoolers who do not have speech disabilities. The ADHD symptoms were assessed with the two questionnaires for the early childhood inventory ECI-4.Participant’s language level was established by using specific tests that are frequently used in the Romanian speech therapy field.The highlights of the study referred to the fact that the preschoolers who were identified with a speech disability showed more serious symptoms of ADHD behavior than the preschoolers who do not have any kind of speech disability.

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Metode interactive în cadrul lecțiilor de limba română la elevii cu dizabilități intelectuale

Author(s): Roxana Beltag / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The present paper captures the effectiveness of programs based on interactive methods in Romanian language lessons for students with intellectual disabilities.Through verbal communication, a child with intellectual disabilities transmits what he perceives, feels, wishes, intends, thinks, conveys the entire content of his psychic life. It will become socially integrated to the extent that it can serve verbal language and communicate. The development of abilities and skills of oral expression remains a permanent school objective of the special school, stemming from the need to prepare pupils for social insertion. Whatever the profession they are doing, they can not be realized in society if they do not have the ability to communicate with their fellows to share their experience and to receive from the experience of others.In this context, verbal communication is for students with intellectual disabilities, one of the most important ways of knowing the surrounding world and integrating into social life.Intervention programs centered on interactive methods at Romanian language classes lead to the development of language skills and improvement of the school results of pupils with intellectual disabilities.

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Particularități ale dezvoltării abilităților morfo – semantice în contextul protezării auditive cu implant cohlear și aparat auditiv

Author(s): Katinka Metea / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Language disorders are one of the most common childhood disorders. Problems with oral communication are the most common signs of language disorders. Expressive language issues can be easier to identify in the early years.The main objectives of the longitudinal study were: (1) to show a significant increase in the frequency of language and communication disorders in primary school children, (2) to underline the importance of high quality language therapy services focused on prevention and early intervention.The study began in 2007 and ended in 2017. Children diagnosed with language and communication disorders at the beginning of each school year were included in the study.It was hypothesized that there was a significant increase in the frequency of the language and communication disorders during the eleven years of the study, especially in expressive language disorders like dyslalia. The participants in the study were evaluated, diagnosed and received specialized speech therapy.The main findings of the study suggest an increase in the number of the cases identified with language disorders during 2007 and 2012. Between 2012 and 2017 the number of cases started decreasing due to the language therapy services provided in preschool children focused on prevention programs. It also showed a high percentage of children diagnosed with dyslalia as compared to other language disorders like rhinolalia, dyslexia and fluency disorders.Considering the findings of the study, language and speech therapy services must provide a focus on specialized therapy programs including prevention and early intervention involving parents and also preschool and primary school teachers

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Dezvoltarea abilităților de comunicare pragmatică prin folosirea povestirilor sociale în contextul sindromului down

Author(s): Nona Bădescu-Fetche / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

This paper focuses on presenting a case study regarding Down Syndrome and the use of social stories in targeting pragmatic communication development, screening the results with Webster Scale and The Pragmatic Communication Abilities Profile in the day to day life of pupils.It is considered that using social stories as a mediator to learning and enhancing communicational skills in pupils with Down Syndrome improves their chance of quickly seeing results while also reducing the levels of distress, frustration or inadequacy that the pupils might feel when noticing that they are not easily understood, not fluent or coherent in what they wish to communicate, greatly increasing the comprehensibility of language as a whole.The case study presents situations in which a young boy with Down Syndrome finds himself in the posture of both receiver and broadcaster of messages composed of singular words, short phrases or even complex communicational scenarios in which he both listens and responds, actively interacting with his tuturor.

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Specificul demersului logopedic în corectarea tulburărilor de pronunție la vârsta școlară mică

Author(s): Afrodita Sandor / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Language is a means of communication and knowledge for the child. The impossibility of communicating through verbal language attracts delays in the childʹs development. Any deviation from standard speech is a language disorder and requires the specific intervetion of a specialist. The speech therapist intervenes in language and communication disorders fallowing a specific therapeutic program, an intervention not only on speech, rhythm and fluency disorders, but also addresses emotional and behavioral disorders, intellectual disabilities, auditive, speech disorders or specific learning disabilities. This article describes the therapeutic program applied for speech sound disorders within The”Iosif Vulcan” National College and ”Nicolae Bălcescu” School from Oradea, Romania. This therapeutic program and the obtained results emphasize the specificity of the speech therapists work in Romania at tle level of the interschools’ logopedic offices. This article can also reflect the types of speech sound disorders our speech and language therapists face.

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EMZİKLER YETİŞKİNLER VE BEBEKLER ARASINDAKİ DUYGUSAL İLETİŞİME ZARAR VERİYOR

Author(s): Emine Z. Kasap / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

Research shows that pacifiers disrupt infants’ mimicry of facial expressions. This experiment examines whether pacifiers interfere with caretakers’ ability to mimic infants’ emotions. Adults saw photographs of infants with or without a pacifier. When infants had pacifiers, perceivers showed reduced EMG activity to infants’ smiles. Smiles of infants using a pacifier were also rated as less happy than smiles depicted without a pacifier. The same pattern was observed for expressions of distress: adults rated infants presented with pacifiers as less sad than infants without pacifiers. We discuss deleterious effects of pacifier use for the perceiver’s resonance with a child’s emotions.

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Self-reported aggressive and antisocial behaviors in Moroccan high school students

Author(s): Btissame Zouini,Meftaha Senhaji,Nóra Kerekes / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The aims of the present study were to map the level and distribution of aggressive andantisocial behaviors in a sample of Moroccan high school students and to define the levelof these behaviors in adolescents who reported parental alcohol use problems and/orexperienced abuse. In total, 375 high school students completed the “Mental and SomaticHealth without borders (MeSHe)” survey that includes the Life History of Aggression scale.Male students had significantly higher scores for aggression and antisocial behaviors thanfemale. The students who reported experience of abuse or parental alcohol use problemsscored significantly higher for aggression, self-directed aggression, and antisocial behaviorscompared to students not reporting these negative psychosocial factors. Previously showngender-specific patterns in aggressive and antisocial behaviors, but not in self-harmbehaviors were confirmed in these Moroccan high school students. Reported experienceof abuse and/or parental alcohol use problems were associated with increased frequency ofaggressive and antisocial behaviors.

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The prediction of criminal recidivism in male juvenile delinquents

Author(s): Miloš Stanković,Nikola Simonović,Jelena Bulatović,Jelena Stojiljković,Marina Hadži Pešić,Milkica Nešić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association of criminal behavior of juveniledelinquents with delinquents’ personality traits and family interactions. However, little isknown about the extent to which family interactions and personality traits are associated withcriminal recidivism. The present study aimed to examine these relationships, using the Velikihpet plus dva (Big Five Plus Two) – short version (assessing Neuroticism, Extraversion,Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Aggressiveness, Positive Valence, NegativeValence), The Quality of Family Interaction Scale (Satisfaction with family, Mother andFather Acceptance/Rejection), and official data from criminal records. The study included61 institutionalized delinquents and 64 non-delinquents, 15 to 18 years of age. Neuroticism,Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Negative valence, acceptance by father andrejection by mother are statistically significant predictors of criminal recidivism in juveniledelinquents. Delinquents showed higher Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness and acceptanceby mother compared to non-delinquents.

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