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"Mislim, realno, tko voli školu?": Iskustvo školovanja osnovnoškolskih dječaka s ADHD-om

Author(s): Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood, ADHD research in Croatia, especially studies involving children, are extremely rare. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the personal everyday school life experiences of boys with ADHD who were studying in elementary schools. This study included a purposive sample of 14 boys with ADHD aged 8 to 11 years who attended mainstream elementary schools. Three semi-structured phenomenological interviews were conducted with each boy. Special attention was given to ensure that the methodological approach used in this study was child-centred, child-friendly, and child-safe. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. Data collected on the school experiences of the boys with ADHD are presented via two themes: (1) challenges of schooling with ADHD, and (2) support at school: the importance of recognition, sensitivity, and relationships. This study demonstrates that boys with ADHD can recognize the challenges associated with their schooling and find it very difficult to take part in school activities that require directing and maintaining attention, organization, perseverance, flexible attention, and working memory. Consequently, the boys reported that they experience failure, frustration, and reduced self-confidence in their own abilities. Boys participating in this study were able to recognize the support received at school from their teachers and teaching assistants, as well as the obstacles that occurred due to misunderstandings, lack of sensitivity to their neurodiversity, and failure to apply the Individualised Education Program. The boys also provided clear descriptions of the adjustments necessary to make their school experience easier. The results of this study illustrate that children with ADHD face specific psycho-social risks, followed by recommendation that their experiences should be considered during the development of educational policies, given their participatory rights and their role as equal stakeholders.

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2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: suppl.1/2015

Abstracts of the 2nd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions. March 16–18, 2015; Budapest, Hungary

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A critical review of “Internet addiction” criteria with suggestions for the future

Author(s): Antonius J. Van Rooij,Nicole Prause / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

In the last 5 years a deluge of articles on the topic of Internet addiction (IA) has proposed many candidate symptoms as evidence of this proposed disease. We critically reviewed the current approach to the measurement and identification of this new excessive behavior syndrome. Methods: Three popular models of IA were discussed: Griffith’s components model; Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); and the criteria by Tao et al. (2010). We selected these models because they are widely cited and propose specific criteria for IA disorder. Our approach is not meant to provide an exhaustive review, but to discuss and critique the most salient trends in the field. Results: The models of Internet addiction share some criteria, including feeling a loss of control over Internet use; ensuing psychological, social, or professional conflict or problems; and preoccupation when not using the Internet. Other criteria inconsistently mentioned include: mood management, tolerance, withdrawal, and craving/anticipation. The models studied here share the assumption that the Internet can produce a qualitative shift to a diseased state in humans. Conclusions: We critically discussed the above criteria and concluded that the evidence base is currently not strong enough to provide support for an Internet addiction disorder. Future research areas are suggested: (1) Focusing on common impaired dimensions, (2) exploring neuroimaging as a model building tool, and (3) identifying shifts in the rewarding aspects of Internet use. Given the lack of consensus on the subject of Internet addiction, a focus on problem behaviors appears warranted.

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A NEUROLINGUISTICS EXPERIMENT BASED ON A NOVEL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL

Author(s): Adelina Mirzea,Dumitru Grigore,Nicolae Goga,Ionel Petrescu,Alexandru-Filip Popovici,Ramona Dragomir,Marinel Cornelius DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

The science of neurolinguistics represents the study of brain activity as related to the control, acquisition and production of language. Neurolinguistics looks to the mechanism through which the brain processes language concepts. It is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of linguistics, neuropsychology, communication, computer science, a theory of languages. It is taught in the field of learning foreign languages but it is of interest in other educational disciplines such as psychology, computer science, etc. as well. Neurolinguistics is based both on experimental methods and theoretical models. In this paper we present a novel neurolinguistics experiment done with psychological iOT tool, namely MindMiTM System, that is described in a patent. MindMiTM System is based on the biopotentials measurements (response and levels of skin potentials) taken from the hand's fingers with the help of a finger scanner (for both hands) with monopolar electrodes. All the data needed for a psychological measurement is collected in approximately five minutes. Based on the gathered data, the psychological profile is computed through an innovative method. The system was calibrated on 5000 subjects. The method is based on relevant variables related to personality traits such as for example the level of cortical arousal, the lability and amplitude of electro-dermal response, etc. The algorithm based on those key variables computes a kernel of psychological indicators that reflect cognitive, emotional and social abilities. For the first time in the reported literature, we used the MindMiTM System for a neurolinguistics experiment. The experiment is based on interpreters translating the same text in Romanian, English and German. We present the core technology of the system and the results obtained. The system itself can be used also in educational settings by students in psychology, linguistics computer science, etc.

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A New Perspective on Safety Measures Imposed on Mentally Retarded Criminal Offenders

Author(s): Iuliana Hunea,Tatiana Iov,Simona Irina Damian,Nona Gîrlescu,Anton Knieling,Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Safety measures are both a way of isolating the person who committed a criminal offence from society, with the purpose of protecting citizens, and at the same time a form of protection for the perpetrator, against whom the most appropriate measures are taken - from from the point of view of the the criminal justice system - in consideration of their particular situation. Among the categories of perpetrators to whom safety measures are addressed, those with mental retardation represent a specific category in that, unlike other psychically ill offenders, their degree of perceiving the consequences of their actions and their own guilt is extremely low, and sometimes it is even impossible for them to understand the significance of their own deeds. The present article aims to highlight the specific elements of safety measures imposed on mentally retarded criminal offenders from a theoretical perspective, analyzing the concepts of deviance and delinquency by correspondence with irresponsibility.

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A note concerning the relationship between the Adelson’s Argyle Illusion and Cornsweet edges

Author(s): Oliver Flynn,Arthur G. Shapiro / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

Adelson’s Argyle illusion and the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion are two noteworthy brightness illusions. In the Argyle illusion two identical gray areas are perceived to have radically different brightness levels when they are surrounded by a pattern similar to an argyle clothing design. The Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet (C-O-C) illusion shows two identical gray areas appear different brightness when they are separated by a “Cornsweet edge.” The C-O-C illusion is remarkable for the large distances over which the effect holds even though the Cornsweet edge is relatively narrow. Here we draw a connection between these two illusions by extending the columns of the Argyle illusion to produce what we refer to as long range Argyles (LoRAs). We show that LoRAs have many similar properties to Cornsweet edges and they are capable of producing brightness effects over a large spatial range. It therefore seems that part of the strength of the Argyle illusion arises from a combination of standard simultaneous brightness effects and edge effects like those produced by the C-O-C illusion. Lastly, we discuss a curious difference between the effects of LoRAs and Cornsweet edges.

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A plea for teaching writing as an integrative process meant to serve a functional purpose

Author(s): Cristina-Silvia Vâlcea,Ecaterina Pavel / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

In the Romanian context, writing is in a paradoxical situation: it is claimed to be important though it is one of the skills that is little invested in and moreover it undergoes strong opposition from the parents who would opt for digitalization as a preventive opportunity for their children in the future. Mistreated by both school and society, writing is given meagre chances of proving its determining role in the intellectual formation of the young generation. In this line of thought this paper aims at mapping writing as a school-taught skill by first outlining the Romanian approach to school writing (as product or process) and secondly by carrying out an analysis of the writing tasks regularly assigned, with a view to emphasizing their ups and downs and to suggesting changes that might improve not only the perception on writing in the Romanian curriculum, but also the quality of the educational output. In order to obtain a good representation of how writing is viewed by the Romanian educational system, it is deemed as appropriate to analyse the school curriculum issued and approved by the Ministry of National Education and to evaluate the implementation of the official guidelines into school textbooks. The justification for the interest of the authors in writing is related to the high rates of functional illiteracy, to the preponderant evaluation type of the pupils (a written one) and to the largely acknowledged inability of pupils to successfully manage their written tasks.

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A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals with and without Pathological Gambling

Author(s): Bao-Zhu Yang,Iris M. Balodis,Cheryl M. Lacadie,Jiansong Xu,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Corticostriatal-limbic neurocircuitry, emotional and motivational processing, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and genetic factors have all been implicated in pathological gambling (PG). However, allelic variants of genes influencing dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters have not been investigated with respect to the neural correlates of emotional and motivational states in PG. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine; the T allele of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1611115 (C-1021T) in the DBH gene is associated with less DBH activity and has been linked to emotional processes and addiction. Here, we investigate the influence of rs1611115 on the neural correlates of emotional and motivational processing in PG and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Methods: While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 PG and 25 HC participants, all European Americans, viewed gambling-, sad-, and cocaine-related videotapes. Analyses focused on brain activation differences related to DBH genotype (CC/T-carrier [i.e., CT and TT]) and condition (sad/gambling/cocaine). Results: CC participants demonstrated greater recruitment of corticostriatal-limbic regions, relative to T-carriers. DBH variants were also associated with altered corticostriatal-limbic activations across the different videotape conditions, and this association appeared to be driven by greater activation in CC participants relative to T-carriers during the sad condition. CC relative to T-carrier subjects also reported greater subjective sadness to the sad videotapes. Conclusions: Individual differences in genetic composition linked to aminergic function contribute significantly to emotional regulation across diagnostic groups and warrant further investigation in PG.

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A Unitary Account of Conceptual Representations of Animate/Inanimate Categories

Author(s): Vanja Ković,Kim Plunkett,Gert Westermann / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

In this paper we present an ERP study examining the underlying nature of semantic representation of animate and inanimate objects. Time-locking ERP signatures to the onset of auditory stimuli we found topological similarities in animate and inanimate object processing. Moreover, we found no difference between animates and inanimates in the N400 amplitude, when mapping more specific to more general representation (visual to auditory stimuli). These studies provide further evidence for the theory of unitary semantic organization, but no support for the feature-based prediction of segregated conceptual organization. Further comparisons of animate vs. inanimate matches and within– vs. between-category mismatches revealed following results: processing of animate matches elicited more positivity than processing of inanimates within the N400 time-window; also, inanimate mismatches elicited a stronger N400 than did animate mismatches. Based on these findings we argue that one of the possible explanations for finding different and sometimes contradictory results in the literature regarding processing and representations of animates and inanimates in the brain could lie in the variability of selected items within each of the categories, that is, homogeneity of the categories.

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Aberantno ponašanje i kognitivna sposobnost predškolske dece

Author(s): Gustav Bala,Ankica Hošek-Momirović,Špela Golubović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2007

The sample included 712 preschool boys and girls at the age of 4 to 7 years (mean 5.96 decimal years and standard deviation .96) from preschool institutions in Novi Sad, Sombor, Sremska Mitrovica and Bačka Palanka. Information concerning 36 indicators of aberrant behavior of the children were supplied by their parents, whereas their cognitive ability was tested by Raven’s progressive colored matrices. Based on factor analysis (promax method), four factors i.e. generators of aberrant behavior in children were singled out: aggression, anxiousness, dissociation, and hysteria, whose relations with cognitive functioning and age were also analyzed by factor analysis. Aberrant behavior and cognitive abilities show significant interrelatedness. Owing to orderly developed cognitive abilities, a child understands essence and reality of problems, realizes possibilities and manners of solving them, and succeeds in realizing successful psycho-social functioning. Developed cognitive abilities enable a child to recognize and understand her/his own reactions in different situations and develop manners of reacting, which leads to strengthening psycho-social safety and adapting behavior in accordance with her/his age and abilities.

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Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: suppl.1/2013

Abstracts of the 1st International Conference on Behavioral Addictions; March 11–12, 2013, Budapest, Hungary

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Abstracts of the 3rd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: suppl.1/2016

3rd International Conference on Behavioral Addictions March 14–16, 2016 Geneva, Switzerland

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Adaptation to Information Technology and the Risks of Excessive Use of Smartphone

Author(s): Marcela Šarvajcová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The rapid development of information and communication technologies and the need to carry a smartphone constantly are almost an irreplaceable part of our society and our lives. The paper deals with adaptation to information and communication technologies and digital literacy. It reflects the most serious problems arising from the increasing time spent with a smartphone. It points to a new kind of addiction phobia and the influence of parents in the process of working with technology. In connection with the expansion of social networks and the need to be always online, processes such as digital detox or the trend to be offline are already coming to the fore.

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Adaptive changes in human memory: a literature review

Author(s): Piotr Sorokowski,Agnieszka Sabiniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The paper contains a review of the literature concerning memory abilities and human senses performance under different environmental circumstances. A number of studies indicated that environment has a significant impact on human senses functioning. It can affect it in a mechanical way, by a chronic exposure to potentially harmful substances or processes in different work environments. Also, some cognitive abilities that have evolved to perform evolutionary essential functions lost their importance because of the change of environment impact. Moreover, training can be a source of improvement of both human senses and cognitive abilities, as well. That might suggest that, while using, under different environmental circumstances different cognitive abilities develop. We take into a particular consideration human memory and its role, show current studies in this field and suggest new research directions.

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Addiction in Extreme Sports: An Exploration of Withdrawal States in Rock Climbers

Author(s): Robert M. Heirene,David Shearer,Gareth Roderique-Davies,Stephen D. Mellalieu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Extreme sports athletes are often labeled “adrenaline junkies” by the media, implying they are addicted to their sport. Research suggests during abstinence these athletes may experience withdrawal states characteristic of individuals with an addiction (Celsi, Rose, & Leigh, 1993; Franken, Zijlstra, & Muris, 2006; Willig, 2008). Despite this notion, no research has directly explored withdrawal experiences of extreme sports athletes. Methods: Using semi-structured interviews, we explored withdrawal experiences of high (n = 4) and average-ability (n = 4) male rock climbers during periods of abstinence. We investigated the psychological and behavioral aspects of withdrawal, including craving, anhedonia, and negative affect; and differences in the frequency and intensity of these states between groups. Results: Deductive content analysis indicated support for each of the three categories of anhedonia, craving, and negative affect. Consistent with existing substance addiction literature, high-ability climbers recalled more frequent and intense craving states and negative affect during abstinence compared with average-ability climbers. No differences in anhedonic symptoms between high and average-ability participants were found. Conclusions: Rock climbing athletes appear to experience withdrawal symptoms when abstinent from their sport comparable to individuals with substance and behavioral addictions. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Admitere recurs în interesul legii. Interpretarea şi aplicarea unitară a dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din O.U.G. nr. 9/2017, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din O.U.G. nr. 99/2016 şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din O.U.G. nr. 83/2014. Sporul pentru...

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Admitere recurs în interesul legii. Interpretarea şi aplicarea unitară a dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din O.U.G. nr. 9/2017, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din O.U.G. nr. 99/2016 şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din O.U.G. nr. 83/2014. Sporul pentru...

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

ÎNALTA CURTE, deliberând asupra recursului în interesul legii, constată următoarele: I. Sesizarea Înaltei Curţi de Casaţie şi Justiţie şi obiectul recursului în interesul legii 10. Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie a fost învestită prin sesizarea formulată de procurorul general al Parchetului de pe lângă Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie cu soluţionarea recursului în interesul legii ce vizează următoarea problemă de drept: Interpretarea şi aplicarea dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 9/2017 privind unele măsuri bugetare în anul 2017, prorogarea unor termene, precum şi modificarea şi completarea unor acte normative, aprobată cu modificări şi completări prin Legea nr. 115/2017, cu modificările ulterioare, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 99/2016 privind unele măsuri pentru salarizarea personalului plătit din fonduri publice, prorogarea unor termene, precum şi unele măsuri fiscal‑bugetare, aprobată prin Legea nr. 152/2017, şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 83/2014 privind salarizarea personalului plătit din fonduri publice în anul 2015, precum şi alte măsuri în domeniul cheltuielilor publice...

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ADVERTISING EMAILS OPTIMISATION BY EYTRACKING TECHNOLOGY

Author(s): Radovan Madleňák,Eva Kianičková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2016

Today’s marketing image is more dynamic and many times more interesting design-wise than it was in the past. Internet and new information-communication technologies have radically changed the original marketing image. We encounter implementation of marketing activities on a daily basis in various forms, e.g. when browsing webpages and opening own email inbox. Scientific studies in the field of neuromarketing show that the consumer doesn’t perceive exactly the same values the vendors are offering them and they sell using marketing activities. The human brain evaluates how the offer and communication corresponds with their existing expectations. Neuroscience offers an ever improving idea on how the human brain works during the buying process. By mapping active areas of the brain it is possible to discover what will convince the buyer to buy. This article deals with using the neuromarketing method of eye tracking for optimization of ad e-mails. Based on experimental testing the article characterizes the drives of the recipients for opening ad emails and subsequently identifies partial segments of the ad email as well as proposals for their optimisation.

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Aesthetic Experience and the Emotional Content of Paintings

Author(s): Slobodan Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

In this study we investigated the relationship between aesthetic experience and other emotional qualities judged in paintings. Aesthetic experience was defined as an exceptional state of mind in which a person is focused on a particular object, transcending its everyday uses and meanings and losing the awareness of surroundings and even of himself/herself. In this state a person has an exceptional emotional experience, that is a feeling of unity with the object. Our basic idea is that aesthetic experience is not reducible to pleasure or a positive hedonic tone, but a person can equally be fascinated with both pleasant and unpleasant objects. In preliminary studies we specified the stimulus set of figural and semi-figural paintings, and a set of descriptors of emotions, feelings and aesthetic experience. Participants judged the paintings on descriptors (seven-point scales). Factor analysis revealed two large factors: the bipolar factor Affective Tone (descriptors on the positive pole: lovely, charming, cheerful, etc; descriptors on the negative pole: scary, disgusting, hateful etc.) and Aesthetic Experience (descriptors: exceptional, profound, unique, etc.). Additional analyses have shown no significant correlation between the two factors. These findings confirmed our idea that aesthetic experience is independent of pleasure or affective attraction, and that it can be induced by both pleasant and unpleasant paintings.

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Aesthetic Experience of Dance Performances

Author(s): Maja S. Vukadinović,Slobodan Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

In this study the aesthetic experience of dance performances is investigated. The study includes construction of an instrument for measuring the aesthetic experience of dance performances and an investigation of the structure of both dancers’ and spectators’ aesthetic experience. The experiments are carried out during eight different performances of various dance forms, including classical ballet, contemporary dance, flamenco and folklore. Three factors of aesthetic experience of dance performances are identified: Dynamism, Exceptionality and Affective Evaluation. The results show that dancers’ aesthetic experience has a somewhat different factorial structure from that of the spectators’. Unlike spectators’ aesthetic experience, dancers’ aesthetic experience singles out the Excitement factor. The results are discussed within the context of dancers’ proprioception and spectators’ exteroception since these findings confirm the idea of a significant role of proprioception in dancers’ aesthetic experience.

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Agresivnost i upotreba antidepresiva u adolescenciji

Author(s): Zihnet Selimbašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2015

Fenomen ljudske agresivnosti predstavlja interakciju bioloških, psiholoških i socijalnih varijabli koji obuhvaća multiformne osobenosti - od negativne emocionalnosti, depresije do antisocijalnih ponašanja. Utvrđena je veza između agresivnog ponašanja i pojedinih regija mozga. Limbički sistem, hipotalamus, regije moždanog stabla, moduliraju agresivno ponašanje. Agresivno ponašanje je modulirano od više neuroanatomskih pozicija i pomoću mnogih neurotransmiterskih sistema uključujući: serotoninski, noradrenalinski, dopaminski, acetilholinski, GABA i opoidni sistem. Uprkos složenosti neurohemije agresivnog ponašanja, animalna proučavanja jasno pokazuju da se agresivno ponašanje značajno može mijenjati modifikacijom specifičnih transmiterskih sistema. U moždanom stablu, najprimitivnijem dijelu mozga, serotonin je odgovoran za kontolu fundamentalnih fizioloških aspekata u tijelu. Serotonin je involviran u mnoge ponašajne aspekte, emocionalna i psihička stanja, prehranu, agresivnost, raspoloženje i na taj način serotoninska aktivnost u širokom spektru „serotoniskih poremećaja“ kao što su depresija, shizofrenija, Parkinsonova bolest (Jacobs, 1994). Amfetaminski preparati dovode do pojačane aktivnosti noradrenalina, dopamina i serotonina i da pojačana transmisija u dopaminergičnom i noradrenergičnom sistemu dovodi do izražavanja agresivnog ponašanja (Man, 2000). Konzumiranje alkohola izaziva pojačanu aktivnost serotonina, prolazno ekscesivno povećanje serotonina i noradrenalina dovode do agresivnosti koju porast serotonina ne može modulirati.

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