PARADOKSY INTUICJI W PODEJMOWANIU DECYZJI

Author(s): Kamila Malewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Decision-making processes are the subject of interest and a field of research for scientists representing various disciplines such as economics, psychology, sociology, political science and neuroscience. Recently a problem of intuition in decision-making process has attracted great attention from practical and theoretical sides of management. The growing popularity of intuition can be explained by the desactualization of some basic assumptions of rational models, which today tend to be difficult or even impossible to apply in practice. Intuitive approach in management is a relatively new concept. Scientific discourse in this area was conducted mainly at the theoretical level. However, since the late nineties of the twentieth century, the number of empirical studies on intuition has increased. This issue has been increasingly explored, which contributed to the emergement of certain theoretical frameworks. In spite of this, some paradoxes can be still identified. All of them arrise from the incoherent views on intuition represented by particular researchers. This article aims to identify and analyze the critical paradoxes encountered in the issue of intuition in management, especially in decision-making. These paradoxes involve many aspects, but above all, the essence of this concept (location within the consciousness or subconscious), its types, its role in decision-making and the importance of feelings and emotions in an intuitive decision-making process. The article uses one of the main varieties of reasoning, namely the method of deductive reasoning based on the analysis of literature and observation management practices.

Нейрофізіологічні механізми формування нехімічної залежності самостимуляцією позитивно-емоціогенних зон мозку у щурів

Author(s): O. G. Berchenko,D. O. Bevzyuk,N. O. Levicheva,S. P. Koladko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2016

The aim of our research was to study the limbic-neocortical mechanisms of addictive behaviour in rats formed through the arousal of intense emotions on the model of self-stimulation reaction of the brain. We carried out investigations by conducting a chronic experiment on 15 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 250 to 320 grams, at the ages of 5 to 6 months. As a model of receiving positive emotions we used the behaviour of animals held in a Skinner box which was formed through self stimulation of the positive emotional zones of the posterior ventrolateral hypothalamus. We registered the frequency of self-stimulation reactions of the ventrolateral hypothalamus daily for 4 days and on the 7th day after its ccessation (state of deprivation). We performed visual and spectral analysis of the electrical activity of the brain using "Neuron-spektr.net" software. We assessed the absolute spectral density of the power of rhythm signals of the following frequency bands: delta (0.5–4.0 Hz), theta (4.0–7.0 Hz), alpha (8.0–12.0 Hz) and low frequency beta (14.0–20.0 Hz). The formation of behaviour dependent on receiving intense emotions as a result of self-stimulation of the positive zones of the ventrolateral hypothalamus is caused by the initial high level of need for positive emotional reinforcement and further growth in the implementation of desire and is associated with activation of emotional memory mechanisms, changes in electrogenes is in the hippocampus and the reticular formation in the form of decrease in the spectral power of rhythms of alpha and beta bands and increased spectral power of biopotentials of the delta range in the hippocampus and theta range in the reticular formation with severe manifestations of seizure and paroxysmal activity components and increased activity of the sympatho-adrenal system. The syndrome of withdrawal from the receiving of positive emotions in some rats with implementation of a programme of a phobic character with an increase in beta rhythms in all the studied structures, and among other rats with implementation of a programme of an aggressive character, which was characterized by increased electrical seizure activity in the hippocampus, is caused by oppression of electrogenesis in the hypothalmus and replacement of slow wave activity in the reticular formation at high frequency rhythms in the alpha-theta range.

OSCILLATORY HERITAGE OF THE GRASTYÁN SCHOOL

Author(s): György Buzsáki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2006

Two major structural designs characterize the cerebral cortex: the scalable, modular neocortex and the single-module hippocampus. Functions attributed to the hippocampal formation have varied over the past several decades and include episodic memory in human lesion studies, spatial mapping in single unit recordings and voluntary exploration of the environment in field recording studies in animals. I suggest that the common thread across these parallel developments is that each captures the essence of episodic coding: items are organized in spatio-temporal context. I suggest that theta oscillations, studied extensively in the Grastyán school in Pécs, is the key temporal metric. Ordered sequences of items are encoded by the strict temporal relations of hippocampal cell assemblies nesting within cycles of theta oscillation. Such a temporal compression mechanism brings neuronal assemblies together in the time window of synaptic plasticity and allows the linking of first order (neighbor) and higher order relations. Seven to nine interleaving assemblies, representing overlapping past, present and future items, can be combined into an episode in a single theta cycle. During recall, the entire hippocampal connection matrix can be searched in the time period of the theta cycle (120–140 msec). I suggest that the hippocampus is an efficient search engine for the reconstruction of complex episodes from fragmentary information.

KOLEKTIVNA PODSVIJEST, RACIONALNOST, MODERNIZACIJA

Author(s): Hrvoje Lorković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12+13/1994

As far as possible, Štulhofer's demands ori depth psychology (DI 3, 10-11) are satisfied. The author quotes observations (as made elsewhere) the results of which may be taken to demonstrate the collective unconscious. Štulhofer's demands are excessive when he requires the hypothesis of the collective unconscious to be verified in a way appropriate to a neurophysiological theory. The apo ria of the subconscious (its irrationalitiy vs. its functionality) disappears if the concepts proposed before (DI 3, 9) are applied. Modernization doesn't always result in an equalization of different collectives in the sense of permitting them to attain full rationality, as Štulhofer apparently believes. The USSR may be taken as a case in which the opposite prevailed.

Nasilenie zaburzeń depresyjnych wśród pacjentów onkologicznych

Author(s): Ewa Humeniuk,Olga Dąbska,Aleksandra Krupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Introduction. The article describes assessment of depression occurrence in cancer patients in relation to the received social support and patients’ lifestyle. Material and methods. The research group consisted of 63 oncological patients. A diagnostic poll was used as a survey technique. The occurrence and intensity level of depression symptoms were measured following the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which was accompanied by the author’s questionnaire analyzing the family situation of the surveyed, as well as the received support and their lifestyle. Results. The analysis conducted with the help of the BDI questionnaire presented the following results: more than half of the surveyed (54%) suffered from moderate depression and roughly 1/10 of the respondents suffered from severe depression. Only 1/3 of the surveyed showed no signs of depression and complained only about low mood. Conclusions. The severity of depressive symptoms was associated with the experience of unpleasant emotions, pessimistic vision of the future, difficulties in consultation with relatives on an emotional level. Very few of the respondents consulted psychologists and psychiatrists. Because cancer and depression often coincide, oncological patients should be taken under holistic care which would tend to their emotional situation.

Dogoterapia jako metoda wspomagania procesu rehabilitacji dzieci

Author(s): Sławomir Chrost / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Introduction. The author of the article presents, on the basis of research, the benefits of using dog therapy in supporting the development and rehabilitation of children. Material and methods. In the research conducted in Świętokrzyskie Province, the method of individual cases was applied, the interview technique was employed with interviews given by seven people (two therapists and seven parents), who described cases of seven children participating in dog therapy. Children (Kamila, Karolina, Karol, Bartek, Mateusz, Sylwia, and Miłosz) were in the age group of 6-11 years. Each of them manifested difficulties in normal development or were affected by disability. Results. The research showed that the main benefit of applying dog therapy is a definite improvement in various spheres: the social sphere (interpersonal contacts), self-esteem (development of boldness and courage), the sensorimotor sphere (speaking, reading, walking, controlling emotions), motivation to take action or to develop a sense of responsibility. Conclusions. The collected research material demonstrates that the presence of a dog in the classroom allows the child to relax and calm down. It also lowers the level of anxiety and shapes a lasting bond. It should be noted that patients with open wounds on the body, allergic to dog’s fur, having obsessive fear of animals, aggressive ones, patients having mental disorders or ADHD, cannot be referred for dog therapy activities. For these reasons, choosing dog therapy as a method of rehabilitation should be previously confirmed by appropriate information on the patient’s mental health, the level of their aggression and other undesirable traits.

Uloga kreativnih metoda u radu s oboljelima odAlzheimerove demencije

Author(s): Matea Vidučić,Silvia Rusac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

Alzheimer’s disease is a public health problem, and the number of affected elderly is growing. Since there is no possibility of healing or cure, the significance is on early recognition of disease, delay of the advanced stages of illness, adaptation of everyday life and maintenance of quality of life. Along with important pharmacological therapy, approaches focusing on creative methods also have an important role because they slow down the course of the disease, contribute to symptom control, increase self-confidence, and improve communication and socialisation of elderly people with Alzheimer’s. This paper presents an overview of some approaches from the field of creative therapy (art, music therapy, dance and movement therapy, reminiscence, bibliotherapy) and their effects on people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers, and also an overview of creative methods using assistive technology. Creative methods are suitable for family members and other persons involved in caring for this population. It is necessary to connect theory and practice, and to advocate for moving the person-centred care approach from theoretical settings into the real life of people with Alzheimer’s disease.

IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BY PREVENTING CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

Author(s): Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska,Fimka Tozija,Tamara JORDANOVA,Pavlina Vaskova / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2016

Studies conducted in Macedonia suggest that many children unnecessarily suffer from child maltreatment. As in other countries, most maltreatment occurs in home and community and may not come to the attention of child protection agencies. It is nevertheless a grave public health and societal problem with far-reaching consequences for the mental, physical and reproductive health of children, as well for the societal development. Health systems have a key role to play, not only in providing high-quality services for children who experience violence, but also in detecting and supporting families at risk. The country should implement prevention programmes such as home visitation and parenting support, and hospital-based interventions to support parents, along with programmes against abusive head trauma. Collaborative actions are required between all partners in order to tackle this public health and societal problem and implement sustainable development goals specifically targeting child maltreatment.

THOMAS FUCHS, ECOLOGY OF THE BRAIN: THE PHENOMENOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF THE EMBODIED MIND, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD, 2018.

Author(s): Olga Nikolić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

UČINAK RANOG INTEGRACIJSKOG PROGRAMA NA MOTORIČKI RAZVOJ DJETETA S NEURORAZVOJNIM RIZIKOM

Author(s): Tomislav Ljutić,Ines Joković Oreb,Branko Nikolić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

On the account of unexpected psychomotor development of infant with neurodevelopmental risk, the early diagnostic of neurodevelopmental impairments, time, multidisciplinary follow-up and early habilitation is very importunât. The plasticity of child brain is neurophysiogic base of early habilitation. The plasticity of newborn brain give us opportunity to prevent the permanently psychomotoric impairments in imperilled child via early neurodevelopmental and habilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of early intervention programs on motor development in a child with neurodevelopmental risks. The variables of Denver Developmental Screening IT Test (DDST) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM - 66) are used in order to evaluate psychomotor development. The starting hypothesis assumes that the application of early integration program for the child with neurodevelopment risk will result with improvement in all defined variables. The habilitation program was consist of neurodevelopmental treatment, sensory integration, components of oral-motor stimulation, preverbal skills and speech and stimulation of cognitive developmentfor six subjects (three females and three males) within first year of life. The evaluation was carried out by component analysis of the status changes of a child, which is described over the group of quantitative variables registered through a series of 14-20 equidistant time points.This way of data processing is based on the INDIFF algorithm. The main component of changes in GFMF test was defined as general factor of motor development improvement, and the main component in Denver test was defined as general factor of gross motor improvement. Both components show progress in psychomotor development in child with neurodevelopmental risk The achieved results show that the starting hypothesis can be accepted, since significant positive changes were observed in all subjects.

PRIMIJENJENA ANALIZA PONAŠANJA I AUTIZAM – VODIČ KROZ TERMINOLOGIJU

Author(s): Jasmina Stošić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2009

The only empirically validated interventions for teaching persons with autism spectrum disorders are those based on applied behavior analysis. Behavioral interventions are still widely confused with behavior modification and the most structured behavior intervention – discrete trial instruction. Contemporary applied behavior analysis includes adjusting settings, language, interaction styles and materials, and also teaching strategies and problem behavior interventions. Teaching strategies include structured behavior interventions and naturalistic behavior interventions. Problem behavior interventions include setting event strategies, predictor strategies, teaching and consequence strategies. Evidence based teaching strategies based on the principles of applied behavior analysis and behavior intervention terminology will be presented in this article.

Oštećenje grafemskog spremnika i agrafija - prikaz slučaja

Author(s): Ana Leko Krhen,Behlul Brestovci / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

This study was directed to examinate the handwriting of a person with aphasia caused by meningoencephalitis, and also to show the importance of the appropriate and continued speech and language therapy. It is known that a comprehensive assessment of writing includes examination of spontaneous writing, written naming, writing to dictation, and copying. Some tasks (10) from writing subtest of BDAE were used in the purpose of this research. The subject of the current study was J. K., a 26-year-old, right-handed male with a medical history of meningoencephalitis. Because of the patient’s bad general condition the first speech and language assessment were made in the fourth month of his staying in the hospital. According to BDAE he had Global Aphasia. After this he had speech therapy twice a week for two months and then he continued the therapy every day for the next four months. Diagnostic assessment was repeated after six months and he had Broca’s aphasia. In the second assessment patient achieved significantly better results on every applied variable, except variable Word recognition. In the second assessment, J. K. repeated every word for a few times during the writing and controlled himself in that way. It allowed him to notice his mistakes and try to correct them. These attempts, most often resulted with letter additions, substitutions and omissions. Based on obtained results and according to some earlier research findings from literature we can conclude that J. K. probably has graphemic buffer impairment. As a highly sophisticated skill, effective writing integrates a lot of cognitive, linguistic and perceptual-motoric processes. A good, planed therapy requires individual approach and detailed assessment of writing, which is needed to get, as much as possible, insights in processes and mechanisms of impaired writing, but insights in preserved ones also as well as insights in preserved ones.

Razlike između majki i očeva djece s cerebralnom paralizom u rizičnim i zaštitnim faktorima te prilagodbi

Author(s): Tamara Martinac Dorčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

The aim of this study was to explore differences between mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy in factors which are pronounced in model of adjustment to chronic disorders (Wallander and Varni, 1998): risk factors (sources and intensity of parental stress), resistance factors (personality traits, coping with stress, marital quality) and adjustment (psychical symptoms and subjective health complaints, pleasant and unpleasant mood). The results were obtained on sample of 58 married couples, parents of children with cerebral palsy who attend regular kindergartens and schools, and in some instances special institutions, from eight Croatian cities. Participants completed a range of questionnaires which are intended to measure relevant risk and resistance factors and various aspects of parental adjustment. Mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy do not differ from each other in intensity of parental stress in total (risk factor), but they do differ in particular sources of stress. Mothers experience greater stress from lack of social support and parental role strains. Fathers experience greater stress from other role strains. In respect to resistance factors, mothers of children with cerebral palsy score higher on agreeableness and are more prone to use emotion focused coping. Mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy differ only in unpleasant mood (mothers have higher unpleasant mood), but they do not differ in pleasant mood, in psychical symptoms and subjective health complaints. Equality between mothers and fathers of children with cerebral palsy in most adjustment aspects implies conclusion that mothers and fathers are nearly in the same risk of problems in adjustment to chronic childhood disorder.

Volja, snaga mišića i patofiziološki procesi u osoba s neuromišićnim bolestima

Author(s): Ruža Sabol,Damir Miholić,Renata Hojanić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

This study deals with an interrelation of will, voluntary motor activity and pathophysiological substrate in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The study has included an available sample of 78 patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases. According to the stage of functional abilities in the range from V to VII, out of that sample 35 chronic patients have been extracted. Maximum static forces of muscular segments or functions of the hand have been evaluated on the basis of ergometric measurements. Research methods have been presented, and the correlations of maximum static forces of muscular segments and motility of the correspondent segments of the hand in three groups of patients have been received. The content of clinical research has been discussed in the light of contemporary approaches to education, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders and chronic diseases. Within clinical assessment methods, the dimension of will in coping mechanisms and elements of self-assessment in subjects has been observed, as well as the quality of life of patients with neuromuscular diseases. Special consideration has been shown with regard to possibilities of the application of rehabilitation / assistive technology, as well as regarding the need to educate expert rehabilitators in this specific field. With the results of clinical research, some aspects of personal experience of the patients with neuromuscular diseases have been presented. For that purpose, quotes from Branko Bizjak’s book “Oboreni pesimizam” (“Suppressed Pessimism”) have been added.

Analiza adaptacijskog ponašanja djece sa cerebralnom paralizom

Author(s): Ines Joković-Turalija,Blanka Pranjić,Mira Oberman Babić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2004

Emphasis of research was to examine characteristics of behavior of children with cerebral palsy who have important improvement to succeed in the process of learning. Fundamental goal of a research is to investigate latent structure and level of adaptive behavior of children with cerebral palsy. Research was realized in the Center for education Goljak in Zagreb on the simple off 64 pupils with cerebral palsy. Functioning in activity of daily living was examined with application of AAMD scale part I (Nihira et al ,1975 .) To determine latent space of adaptive behavior, factor analysis was applied. Research and obtained results confirm initial hypotesis and open possibility that the transfer of result will be in function of practical educational and rehabilitative form of treatment. Success of programed educational and rehabilitational work is undoubdtly reflected to adaptive behavior of children of and after all it depends on reached intellectual level, sex, chronological age and treatment.

UTJELOVLJENA KOGNICIJA: OKRUŽENJE JE DIO KOGNITIVNOG SISTEMA

Author(s): Aida Muheljić,Nermin Đapo,Maida Koso-Drljević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2019

In the last years there have been a significant redefining of the nature of cognition and breaking new ground of our understanding about what is behind the complex processes such as thinking, remembering and attention. The researchers of different theoretical approaches have started to reexamine some fundamental assumptions of the classic cognitivism, which resulted in abandoning of the idea that the mind is an abstract information processor whose connections with the outside world have little significance. There is an increasingly higher number of the researchers who support the embodiment thesis by emphasizing that scientific explanation of cognitive processes cannot exclude human body, brain and experience.

THE DIACHRONIC IMPACT OF LEARNING A REHABILITATION PROGRAM AND ITS VALENCES IN STROKE PATIENTS

Author(s): Ovidiu Teofil Roman / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Not infrequently, stroke is a medical event with major consequences on a person's functionality. After the stroke, the losses can be registered in a multilevel mode, as follows: at the cognitive level, at the behavioral level, at the subjective-affective level and at the level of the adaptive mechanisms. The functionality of a person who has experienced a stroke can be significantly impaired, bringing with it the accentuation of some affective and/or behavioral disorders and the burdening of the family. The present study aims to investigate comparatively, the way in which the functional capacities of some people who have suffered a stroke can be damaged if the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. The fastest consequences of a stroke can be seen in the functionality of an individual, therefore, we want to study how these capacities can be recovered. We propose a longitudinal approach to the issue studied by us, respectively, we follow the evolution of post-stroke patients at 3 months and 6 months after stroke. The data indicate that the first half year of a stroke is particularly beneficial for recovery, with significant improvements in patients undergoing a rehabilitation program during this period.

NEUROMARKETING - A SCIENTIFIC TOOL TO HANDLE CONSUMER BRAIN INFORMATION

Author(s): Catalin Dumitrescu,Matei DUMITRESCU / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article addresses a relatively new topic on the Romanian market, namely Neuromarketing as a field of scientific research that has a wide applicability in business. Neuromarketing is an emerging field, being located on the border between psychology, neuroscience, marketing and neuroeconomics. It is of great interest to marketers, as it can bring considerable information about the mechanisms underlying the consumer behavior and the decision-making process. This paper first outlines a brief overview comprising definitions of the concepts which will also be later used in the article like neuroeconomics and neuromarketing. It also documents the evolution of the market over the last century until today and explains how the use of neuromarketing techniques can help the further development of the domain. The second section of the paper explains and reviews the findings of a primary neuromarketing case study which was conducted in partnership with a multidisciplinary research group. The data were collected with the use of an EEG headset and were used as the basis of real business decision making.

THE INFLUENCE OF COORDINATION ABILITIES ON THE PRECISION OF FOREARM PASSING IN VOLLEYBALL

Author(s): Nikola Stojanović,Toplica Stojanović,Darko Stojanović,Katarina Herodek,Damir Jurko / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2014

Scoring points in volleyball is possible if the plays are performed precisely, and in accordance with the characteristics of the set goals and tasks, which could be performed on all three planes. That is why volleyball precision is characterized as a very delicate feature, for which one needs to possess a good kinesthetic sense, a good evaluation of the parameters of the goal, movement control and coordination. Therein lies the subject matter of this paper, which refers to the evaluation of the influence of coordination on the precision of forearm passing in volleyball, as a significant factor of effectiveness in the game of volleyball. It was determined that there is a statistically significant influence of coordination skills on the precision of passing the ball with the bump, where the common variance of coordination and precision of forearm passing is moderately high. The hypotheses in this research were confirmed, and the motor skill of precision can be isolated as a special phenomenon and interpreted as a factor of success in the technical tactical structures of volleyball.

UTICAJ KOORDINACIONIH SPOSOBNOSTI NA PRECIZNOST DODAVANJA LOPTE „ČEKIĆEM” U ODBOJCI

Author(s): Nikola Stojanović,Toplica Stojanović,Darko Stojanović,Katarina Herodek,Damir Jurko / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 35/2014

Osvajanje poena u odbojci moguće je ako se akcije izvode tačno (precizno) prema karakteristikama zadatih ciljeva i zadataka, koji mogu da budu izvedeni u sve tri ravni. Zbog toga je odbojkaška preciznost okarakterisana kao vrlo osetljiva osobina, za koju je potrebno imati dobar kinestetički osećaj, zatim dobru procenu parametara cilja i kontrolu i koordinaciju pokreta. Iz toga proističe i problem ovog rada, koji se odnosi na procenu uticaja koordinacije na preciznost dodavanja lopte čekićem u odbojci, kao značajnom faktoru efikasnosti odbojkaške igre. Utvrđeno je da postoji statistički značajan uticaj koordinacionih sposobnosti na preciznost dodavanja lopte čekićem u odbojci, gde je zajednička varijansa koordinacije i preciznosti dodavanja lopte čekićem srednje visoka. Pretpostavke ovog istraživanja su potvrđene, a motorička sposobnost preciznost se može izdvojiti kao poseban fenomen i tumačiti kao faktor uspešnosti u tehničko-taktičkim strukturama odbojke.