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Volitional Organization of Personality as a Subject of empirical Research

Author(s): Karina Shamlyan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with empirical research of stable characteristics of volitional activity. Volitional organization of personality is considered as a system of volitional qualities that are naturally connected in a particular person. Different classifications of volitional qualities and approaches to empirical research are examined. The survey results of volitional qualities of students are investigated. The possibilities of reflexive methods in the research of volitional organization of personality are analyzed.

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Provjera metrijskih karakteristika upitnika temperamenta i karaktera – TCI

Author(s): Almira Isić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2015

The aim of this study was to verify the metric characteristics of TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) on Bosnian population. TCI questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of empirical verification of psychobiological model of personality by Robert Cloninger et al (Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakić and Wetzel, 1994). It consists of 240 items, grouped within the four Temperament Scales (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) and four Character scales (self-directedness, cooperativness and self-transcendence). Metric characteristics of the TCI questionnaire were tested on a sample of 250 participants, students of the University of Zenica and the University of Tuzla. By verifying metric characteristics of TCI questionnaire results that are obtained are very similar to those of researchers in other countries. The results indicate that the value of Cronbach alpha coefficient for the subscales of temperament varies between 0.48 to 0.88, and for the subscales of character in the range from 0.80 to 0.84, indicating that this questionnaire has a satisfactory internal consistency. The scale of temperament Reward dependence (RD; r = 0.48) has a lower coefficient of internal consistency than allowed, which is the basis for additional operationalization and modification of the subscale. A factor analysis of TCI questionnaire separated factors, which correspond to the original four factor model of temperament and character tri-factor model, which indicates that this was an instrument that has a satisfactory structural validity.

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Osobowość człowieka a skłonność do wprowadzania innowacji

Author(s): Katarzyna Kozioł-Nadolna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/1/2015

This article aims to identify personality traits and personality types of workers tending to innovate. Article is a theoretical, consists of three parts, the first presents the definition of personality, the essence of innovative personality in the second, while the third part provides an overview of the results of research on personality types and traits of personality and willingness to innovate. The article brought closer factors resulting from the individual characteristics of the man, that personality and their relationship with the propensity to innovate. A review of studies is the conclusion that being innovative is also due to hold specific personality traits.

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Podmiotowość z perspektywy wybranych teorii psychologicznych

Author(s): Henryk Gasiul / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The author presents selected dominant contemporary approaches to the interpretation of subjectivity. Subjectivity is essential to understanding individual development. Unfortunately, one has to do with a huge amount of different interpretations. The article presents ways of interpreting subjectivity from the agentive internalistic and agentive externalistic positions, as well as proposes considering them from a personalistic perspective. The personalistic perspective of interpreting subjectivity is but one among other perspectives.

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Velikih pet kao prediktori uspjeha u studiranju psihologije na Univerzitetu u Banjoj Luci

Author(s): Siniša Lakić,Milana Damjenić,Duška Šain / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2017

Several recent meta-analyses demonstrated that academic performance among university students can be predicted by the Big Five personality traits, and particularly by Conscientiousness. The aim of our study was to examine the extent to which the Big Five predicts academic success in undergraduate studies in psychology at the University of Banja Luka. The total sample consisted of 117 students (92% female) coming from four different cohorts who completed their studies before the end of 2014. The Big Five traits were assessed with the self-report BFI (Big Five Inventory; John & Srivastava, 1999) which was administered during the first and second years of the study. In addition, for 55 participants we collected BFI other ratings whereby targets’ personalities were assessed by close friends. We used the final average grade after completion of the three-year bachelor’s program as the criterion of academic success. Surprisingly, Openness to Experience was the only trait that significantly predicted average grade, regardless of the assessment method (self-reports: r = .33, p < .001; friend ratings: r = .30, p < .05). The results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the effect of Openness to Experience stayed stable even when controlled for high school GPA and intelligence assessed at the entrance exams. We compare our results to empirical findings obtained in prior research and suggest reasons that Conscientiousness was not found to be a significant predictor.

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Creative Social Rehabilitation Outline of the concept for developing potential

Author(s): Marek Konopczyński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The assumptions of “new social rehabilitation” presented in the paper are an opportunity to recover the humanist dimension of social rehabilitation activities, dominated by economic-formal-utilitarian thinking. They can certainly become the subject of many discussions in academic environments and among practitioners gathered in penitentiary establishments and institutions. These discussions can produce positive and tangible results in the form of not only deepening social rehabilitation thought and deeper reflection on the occurring crisis of change, not only in Polish social reality, but also abroad, and above all bring a real change to the existing social rehabilitation and educational doctrine, which we are all witnesses of, participants and perpetrators at the same time.

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Osnaživanje obitelji kroz poticanje pozitivnih odnosa i obiteljske kohezije

Author(s): Jasminka Zloković,Andrea Lukajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 25/2016

The results of multidisciplinary studies show that mutual connection, support, a positive family atmosphere, and the manner and level of communication within the family and wider social environment could encourage, but also challenge and constrain the development of personality. The paper starts from the standpoint of the questions about family communication and cohesion in order to encourage further opportunities to strengthen the family, thus finding the conceptual models in raising the level of positive family relationships and healthy development of children. Results of the research, which was conducted in 2010 and 2016 as a part of the scientific-research project “Pedagogical Aspects of Family Relationships” (Zloković, 2012) show unbalanced family relationships by using the longitudinal application of Olson ‘s model as a conceptual model for measuring the family system. There is extremely high and extremely low connectivity on the scale of family cohesiveness. High scores on emotional connection may indicate a hampered development of future individual independence, while a low correlation indicates chaotic family relationships. The scale for testing a parent - child communication also shows that there are two extreme groups of respondents. On one side there are respondents whose answers indicate inadequate, ambiguous, ambivalent communication in the family. On the other side, there are respondents who communicate with their parents at a high level, which is one of the assumptions that contributes to high scores on the scale of cohesiveness. The obtained results contribute to pedagogical science, especially to the family pedagogy and practice in determining preventive and intervention activities aimed at optimal functioning and empowerment of families.

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Sosyal Kötücül Kişilikler: Karanlık Üçlü

Author(s): Zeynep Set / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2020

The dark sides of personality that are encountered in negative and unwanted ways in daily life are defined by the term Dark Triad, consisting of narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Subclinical narcissism is described as high status indul-gence, desire to be a leader, exaggerating its own qualities and underestimating others. In Machiavellianism, manipulating other people by hiding one's own negative characteristic and unethical behaviors in order to achieve their aims are important. Psychopathy is a negative subclinical personality trait characterized with high impulsivity and lack of empathy, tendency to be insensitive, not paying attention to human relations and not having remorse. Research shows that these conceptually different but empirically overlapping personality variables have an impact on different areas of a person's life. The aim of the article is to update and evaluate literature discussed the Dark Triad. In addition, it was thought that reviewing the scales which are aimed to measure the dark triad and adapted to Turkish might be useful for future studies. In this review article, the personality structures that make up the dark triad, the areas of influence and psychological measurement tools developed for are emphasized.

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The Role of Attention, Memory and Cognition in the Decision-Making Process of Adolescent Students

Author(s): Mirela Spiţă / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2020

The adolescent goes through a period of psychological, psychophysical and cognitive transformations that allow him to become consciously involved in the decision-making process. This article aims to review three constructs in these categories (attention, memory and cognition) and to analyze how they are involved in decision-making. The study offers openness to research in order to achieve the profile of the decision-making student, which includes psychological, psychophysical and cognitive constructs.

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Gratitude and Quality of Life in a Personalist and Existential Approach

Author(s): Agata Wolanin,Jan Rybak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In the article there is measured and discussed the relationship between dispositional gratitude and the holistic concept of quality of life in the personalist-existential approach, with a psychophysical, psychosocial, subjective, metaphysical and global dimension of the quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between gratitude, measured with the GQ-6 Gratitude Questionnaire by McCullough, Emmon and Tsang in Polish adaptation of Kossakowska and Kwiatek, and quality of life, measured with the Sense of Quality of Life Questionnaire. The research questions was “Is gratitude related to the psychophysical, psychosocial, subjective, metaphysical and global dimensions of the quality of life in the personalist and existential concept?”. The study involved 148 students, aged 17–59 (M = 30.21; SD = 10.09). The results show the presence of low and moderate positive relationships between gratitude and quality of life in all dimensions. Moreover, the research discovered some gender differences in the correlations between gratitude and some dimensions of quality of life. Gratitude correlates with better quality of life in all spheres of human functioning – biological, social, subjective and metaphysical.

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How Emotions Influence the Psychophysical Well-being of Children

Author(s): Manuela Valentini,Roberta Giontarelli / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Introduction: The current work, through a strict review of the literature, is aimed at highlighting how emotions, physical activity and a healthy diet can affect psychophysical well-being in childhood, particularly between the ages of 3–12.Research Aim: An analysis of research and texts on the relationship between emotions, nutrition, physical activity in pre-school- and school-aged children was performed. The article focuses on an in-depth bibliographic research through the most important search engines by analyzing scientific protocols/articles published from 2010 to 2022 in international journals of the sector.Evidence-based facts: Research is presented on the extent to which emotions can influencepsychophysical wellbeing in developmental age including the relationship between emotionsand physical activity activity, emotions and nutrition, physical activity and nutrition.Summary: The ability to regulate emotions is of particular importance as it affects the child’s educational process, the school context and physical, emotional, cognitive and social well-being. To this end, further investigations are needed to investigate this issue, given the great value it has in the interaction with nutrition and physical activity.

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Charakter w perspektywie psychocybernetycznej – teoria Mazura i nowe badania empiryczne

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Biernacka,Michał Obidziński,Krzysztof Zaborek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

According to Marian Mazur’s concept, man is an autonomous system capable of self-control. One of the basic characteristics of this system – character dynamism – is expressible by the natural logarithm of the aging factor to the expansion factor of the autonomous system. This article presents the Character Dynamism Questionnaire. This tool was created to empirically test the assumptions of Mazur’s theory and to capture the potential relationships of character dynamism with other constructs embedded in psychological traditions: for example, the Regulatory Theory of Temperament. The Character Dynamism Questionnaire measures character dynamism on a qualitative and quantitative scale. The article presents Mazur’s theory, its relationship to Strelau’s theory of temperament, the research tool developed by the authors and the results of preliminary analyses – conducted on a group of 54 people. The observations made in the pilot study present a promising picture. They suggest the compatibility of Mazur’s theory with empirical data and the possibility of extending the theory in question, thanks to observations of effects not directly expressed in Mazur’s work.

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Characteristics of Students’ Burnout and Perfectionism in China and Russia

Author(s): Olga Mikhailova,Elizaveta S. Farennikova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The problems of studying the relationship between manifestations of perfectionism and emotional burnout are of considerable interest to modern psychology. Prospective participants in such a study are representatives of various professional communities and students as future specialists. The purpose of this work is to consider the manifestations and relationships of emotional burnout, self-esteem, mental states and perfectionism among Russian and Chinese students. A total of 80 people took part in the study (40 Russian and 40 Chinese students). Research Methods applied: 1) multidimensional scale of perfectionism by P. Hewitt and G. Flett, adapted by I.I. Grachev; 2) the burnout questionnaire by K. Maslach adapted by N.E. Vodopyanov; 3) a technique for diagnosing self-assessment of mental states by G. Eysenck. As a result of the use of comparative and correlation types of analysis, intercultural differences and interrelations between the characteristics of perfectionism, self-assessment of the emotional state and characteristics of emotional burnout were found. Respondents from China showed lower results on the “aggressiveness” scale compared to Russian respondents. Russian students showed higher scores on the “anxiety” scale than Chinese students. Meanwhile, Chinese students, compared to Russian respondents, showed higher results in self-confidence and their future. In the course of the study, both groups showed average indicators of rigidity, but the level of rigidity in Russian students was higher than in Chinese students. In conclusion of this scientific study, the main recommendations for the correction of emotional burnout and self-regulation of perfectionism and mental states among students are proposed.

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Karol Wojtyła’s “Thomistic Personalism”: Philosophical Foundations for a Psychology of the Person

Author(s): Keith A. Houde / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Karol Wojtyła’s seminal essay, “Thomistic Personalism,” presents an integral theory of the human person that may serve as the foundation for an authentically personalist psychology. Relevant to the contemporary field of psychology, which appears fragmented and in search of a unifying paradigm, Wojtyła considered theory (anthropology), research (epistemology), and practice (ethics). In terms of research, he identified four complementary methods of understanding the human person: revelation (theology), reason (philosophy), observation (empiricism), and introspection (experience). In terms of theory, Wojtyła addressed the rudiments of Rychlak’s four dimensions of a personality theory: structure, motivation, development, and personality. In terms of practice, he described four guiding ethical principles: freedom for morality, freedom for love, personal good and common good, and transtemporal values. Wojtyła thus offered an outline for the project of a comprehensive psychology of persons with significant implications for the theory, research, and practice of psychology.

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Jestem INFP, a Ty? Wpływ internetowego testu osobowości Myers-Briggs na tożsamość człowieka w kulturze płynnej nowoczesności

Author(s): Edyta Kus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of the study presented in the article is the popular Myers-Briggs personality test, and the goal is to demonstrate the potential that this test has as tool for the reproduction of power and further influence on human identity in postmodern times of uncertainty. Its main conclusions are embedded in the theoretical framework of the culture of algorithms created on the basis of the need to simplify various elements of the world. They draw attention to the social dimension of identity and the process of quantification to which it is subjected. The reduction of personality to numbers is carried out not only at the level of dividing socjety into 16 types, but also, among other things, through the use of an answer scale in a test, the presentation of character traits by percentages or letter abbreviations describing individual types. Critical discourse analysis was used as a research method.

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The Big Five Personality Traits and School Achievements of Children: The Role of Gender

Author(s): Łukasz Nikel / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The goal of the current study was to explore the relations between the Big Five personality traits and school achievements of children in the fourth grade of primary school. Participants were (n = 157) children (aged 9–11 years) attending public primary school in Poland. Children completed a self-description inventory for the Big Five and teachers evaluated current school achievements of children for mathematics and Polish language. The obtained results indicated that neuroticism and openness to experiences were significantly associated with school achievements. Moreover, the relationship between the Big Five and school achievements was moderated by gender in that a) agreeableness as well as the Big Five sub-scales of inferiority and helping behaviour were negatively associated with school achievements only among girls, and b) the openness to experience sub-scale of problem solver was positively associated with school achievements only among boys. The results suggest that the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and school achievements may depend on gender.

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Obrazkowy pomiar cech osobowości dzieci – prezentacja metody

Author(s): Marta Rogoza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Currently, it is assumed that the personality structure, including the period of the childhood, could be described through the means of the Big Five traits. A big challenge, however, is to select such a measure, which would take into account the development of reading, concentration, and other cognitive aspects, which are still developing in younger children. Therefore, the aim of the current study if to demonstrate that the Pictorial Personality Traits Questionnaire for Children (PPTQ-C), which is a questionnaire designed to capture five basic personality traits, that is: extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness during the late childhood period. The PPTQ-C could be deemed as a valid and reliable tool, which covers the existing lack in such tools, especially for children aged between 7 and 10 years. The PPTQ-C combines the best features of questionnaire and non-questionnaire methods of assessment and is adjusted to the cognitive development of children.

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Osobowościowe uwarunkowania ryzyka wypadków drogowych u kierowców – przegląd wybranych badań I propozycja ich interpretacji w ramach kołowego modelu metacech osobowości

Author(s): Henryk Gasiul,Włodzimierz Strus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The purpose of this article is a review of studies on the personality factors in risky behaviors, susceptibility to fatigue and the rate of accidents in motor vehicle traffic. We are also attempting to frame these factors within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM) model. A large number of studies and a variety of models and measures used made the integration of the gathered empirical data difficult. While it initially appeared that the Five Factor Model of personality (also known as the Big Five model) could be used as the synthetizing function, most recent studies and analyses indicate that its potential in that respect is limited, especially when compared to models taking into account higher order factors (metatraits) of personality. One of such models is CPM and the authors propose its use as an integrating model for the existing variety of studies on the personality factors in risky behaviors, fatigue and traffic accidents. The analyses presented in the article have shown that 3 metatraits are important in this context: Delta-minus/Sensation Seeking, Alpha-minus/Disinhibition and Gamma-minus/Disharmony. We also show that a predictive model based on these broad personality variables is both parsimonious and relevant.

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Relationship beliefs and compatibility preferences in romantic partners

Author(s): ALESSIA MARCHI,Peter JONASON / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Recently, we identified 24 factors (e.g., appearance, conformity, leisure) that may capture whether people want to be similar or different from their sexual and romantic partners on different qualities in 274 (nWomen = 225) Italians (Marchi et al., 2023; Personality and Individual Differences). In this brief report, we reanalyzed that data, but now turn our attention to content we did not report previously about relationship beliefs. Participants believed similarity was more important than complementary in relationships but beliefs that physical attractiveness is important may trump them both. However, belief that physical attractiveness is important was unrelated to any of the compatibility factors and complementarity beliefs were only related to three of them, while nearly two-thirds of the correlations with similarity beliefs were significant (e.g., residence, speech, intellect). We discussed our results in terms of how different generalized relationship beliefs may manifest themselves in how similar or different people want their romantic and sexual partners to be.

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Helping Children Build Inner-Driven Self-Esteem by Turning Praise into Encouragement

Author(s): Mina Dordevic / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2014

In order to test the efficacy of praise for boosting self-esteem and strengthening motivation for mastering difficult task, scientists have looked into various types of positive feedback given to children and analysed their effects and possible developmental outcomes they may produce. Praise given for personality-traits is conducive to fear of future performance and valuing oneself according to the achievements attained. Praise focused on the effort is felt as a support to the child to stay in the activity and work hard to achieve their best. On the contrary, a feedback provided in a form of encouragement helps the child meeting their relational needs and supports their autonomy, which raises internally driven self-esteem.

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