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Case Management in Psychiatry

Author(s): Mahire Olcay Çam,Derya Küliğ,Elif Deniz Kaçmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Case management is a process in which all services are provided together and in coordinative to meet individuals’ various needs (treatment, social, accommodation, financial, resting, cultural needs). It is a caring method which takes into consideration the satisfaction of the patient and the caregivers and the cost, and provides management of medical concerns of the individuals in a holistic way. With case management, it is aimed to improve an individual’s problem-solving, professional and social skills, to increase leisure time activities and development of functionality with independence of the individual, and due to its this aspect, it has been reported to be an effective method for individuals with chronic mental diseases. In our country, however, the issue of case management is of vital importance in order to increase quality of care and reduce costs in community health centers where a holistic service model is practiced psychiatric treatment, in which psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation and inter-institutional coordination are conducted. Therefore, in this compilation, representation of definition, objectives, characteristics, types and information concerning its benefits in practice of case management is aimed.

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Executive Function Problems and Treatment in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder

Author(s): Uğur Savcı,Ali Evren Tufan,Yusuf Öztürk,Mehmet Akif Cansız / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may seriously affect youth’s home, school, and social functioning. In recent years, hypotheses have been put forward that the underlying cause of ADHD is related to executive function impairments. As a consequence of these hypotheses, executive dysfunctions seen in ADHD were started to be evaluated through both performance-based measures and scales based on parents and teachers. There are many methods for assessing executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Also, there are several pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches available in treatment of executive function problems among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The aim of this article is to review the impact of executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its treatment.

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An Overlooked Group in the Psychosocial Care in Breast Cancer: Spouses

Author(s): Gülşah Yıldız,Duygu Hiçdurmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Breast cancer directly affects women physically, psychologically and socially in the process of diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment, leads to the deterioration of psychosocial adaptation, and affects the family and social relations negatively. The family, which is an important source of support in the breast cancer process, can face the same psychosocial troubles with women. The results of the research show that the most preferred source of support in families is spouses and their quality of life is lower than the other family members.Psychosocial care which is biasedly solely canalized to women by the healthcare professionals often overlooked their spouses and leads to be received inadequate support by them. In this context with the awaring of the psychosocial problems spouses facing, it is important to include spouses to psychosocial care which healthcare professionals provide to women with breast cancer. In this article, it is aimed to raise awareness about psychosocial problems experienced by the spouses of breast cancer patients as a mostly neglected group and possible interventions.

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A Model Suggestion for the Recovery of Women Exposed to Violence: Tidal Model

Author(s): Mahire Olcay Çam,Emel Öztürk Turgut / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Violence against women is an important healthcare problem. Noncontrollable increasing in violence and, healthcare politics that focus on rehabilitation services lay emphasis on fighting outcomes of violence. Although violent behaviors are similar, each woman's experience is unique so healthcare services must be individualized. Tidal Model is a recovery model in healthcare services that cares individualism. For this reason in this review the suitability of the tidal model was assessed in line with the question “Can violent women be given nursing care based on Tidal Model?”. Partner or domestic violence against to women was examined.

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Catatonia: Clinical Features and Treatment

Author(s): Ömer Asan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Catatonia was first introduced by Karl Kahlbaum in 1874 and it is a syndrome characterized by motor, cognitive, affective and autonomic symptoms. As first, it was linked with just schizophrenia for many years but it is currently known that this disorder may occur with many psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that published in 2013, the subtypes of schizophrenia have been removed and the relationship between catatonia and schizophrenia which lasts over one hundred years ended. In this paper, we reviewed the literature about catatonia and aimed to look over its history, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, prognosis and treatment through current knowledge.

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Mindfulness Therapies for Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Sevcan Aktaş,Müge Gülen,Oya Mortan Sevi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Mindfulness is a new therapeutic approach. Over the last years, it is found to be effective in treating many psychological and somatic symptoms. Somatic symptom disorder was characterized by chronic, recurring and clinically significant somatic symptoms. It is known that these symptoms cannot be fully explained by general medical condition and might significantly interfere with a person's general functioning. It is understood that some somatic symptoms which can not medically explained but thought having a psycho-somatic based are also provided from psychological treatments like somatic symptom disorder. Surprisingly, mindfulness-based intervention studies of somatic symptom disorder are especially focused on these medical conditions including chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia. To systematically review these studies, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES databases were assessed.

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Psychosocial Interventions in the Treatment of Child and Adolescent Conduct Disorder

Author(s): Ayşegül Tonyalı,Zeynep Göker,Ozden Sukran Uneri / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Since conduct disorder is a mental disturbance deteriorating not only children or adolescents’ functioning but both their close environment and even the whole society they live in, it is crucially important to be treated with effective interventions. There is mainly child, family and school-oriented interventions for childhood-onset conduct disorder and treatments of adolescent-onset conduct disorder include community and institutional practices in addition to adolescent, family and school-oriented interventions. Approaches to childhood-onset conduct disorder based on social learning theory, and interventions of adolescent-onset conduct disorder built on “needs, responsivity and risk principles” seem to be effective treatment modalities. Family-oriented approaches using concurrently either adolescent school-oriented interventions or society-oriented programs appear to be the most effective treatments for short-term and long-term outcomes. Adolescents with high risk and advanced age seem to have better progress with interventions whereas sexual offenders are less likely to benefit from treatment than the other conduct pathologies.

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Use of Social Networking Sites and Subjective Well-Being

Author(s): Leman Pınar Tosun / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this article is to review the empirical studies on the relationship between the social networking sites use and subjective well-being of its users. Firstly, it has been pointed out that the outcomes of social networking sites use depend on the type of usage (active or passive). Next, the studies attempting to explain why passive social networking sites use is related to reduced subjective well-being have been compiled, and specifically, the studies in which social comparisons and feeling of envy has been offered as an explanatory mechanism have been summarized. A need for researching about which emotions other than envy may potentially be triggered by the passive social networking sites use and how subjective well-being changes depending on those emotions has been brought forward. In addition, answers given to the questions of whether the relationships between the passive social networking sites use and the users’ emotions and subjective well-being depended on who have been contacted through social networking sites were sought.

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Treatment and Probation Practices in Combating Drug Addiction: Turkey, United States, Germany and Ireland Samples

Author(s): Sunay Fırat,Mehmet Aykut Erk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Probation in Turkey and in the world is different in giving a decision, determining the convict’s suitability to the process, content, and elements in the process, components in the content of the process and problems in the implementations. Due to these differences, treatment and probation measures in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Ireland, which has a central administration system, and the probation system in our country have been compared. In order to contribute to the fields of education, improvement and supervision for individuals who have been treated for probation and probation measures for crimes such as drug use and possession in our country, the similarities, and differences of the practices of the countries have been examined.

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Group Psychotherapies in Eating Disorders

Author(s): F. Elif Ergüney Okumuş,Ezgi Deveci / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Eating disorders are one of the major psychiatric disorders that cause serious health problems. Although treatment methods are highly developed, the desired treatment level has not been reached yet. So, a full remission can only be achieved in half of the patients who applied for treatment. For a full recovery, a long-term treatment model which has been applied by a multidisciplinary team is recommended, but these treatments can be very costly. As in all psychological problems, it is very important to handle relational factors in the treatment of eating disorders and it is considered that if relational factors are the focus of interventions, it will enhance the effectiveness of treatment. This study examines how group psychotherapies are applied in different types of eating disorders, their theoretical origins, the focuses of practice and their effectiveness. In the light of the findings, it is understood that group psychotherapies are promising therapeutic options in terms of therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness, which can be preferred for appropriate cases.

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Psychological First Aid: Objectives, Practicing, Vulnerable Groups and Ethical Rules to Follow

Author(s): Melis Demircioğlu,Zeynep Şeker,Ahmet Tamer Aker / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Psychological first aid is an early psychosocial intervention approach which is applied during or after traumatic life events as disasters, accidents, terrorist attacks causing negative effects on individual and/or society. It focuses on determining basic physical and mental needs of individuals in major events. The main objectives of psychological first aid are giving psychoeducation about acute stress symptoms, supporting normalization of the process and stabilization, easing going back to normal life before the event, and protecting individuals from long term consequences of the traumatic event. In this review, the main objectives of psychological first aid, application process and research outcomes in different cultures are presented.

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Tidal Model in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Practices

Author(s): Beyhan Bag / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The tidal model is an explanation for the care services offered in mental health and psychiatric nursing to the paradigm shift in illness-health axis. Using the Recovery approach in model construction, the attitude towards a mentally challenged individual is redefined independently of the diagnosis and treatment processes. The purpose of this article is to introduce the model and discuss its portability to the field of mental health and psychiatric nursing practice.

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Turkish Adaptation of Criminal Thinking Scales: Validity and Reliability Study

Author(s): Ulviye Duyguner,Zeynep Belma Gölge / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The objective of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Criminal Thinking Scales. The sample of study consisted of 627 persons, aged 18 years and over, 295 women and 332 men who declared not received psychiatric diagnosis and/or treatment at the time of the study or in the past. The reliability of the scale was analyzed using Cronbach alpha coefficient. The validity of the scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity methods. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a factor structure that close to the original form, 23 items and 6 factors: entitlement, criminal rationalization, power orientation, cold heartedness, justifica-tion/blaming others and personal irresponsibility. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that fit values of the model were satisfactory. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale was .79 and ranged from .50 to .74 for the dimensions. In conclusion, the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Criminal Thought Scales was acceptable.

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Hope and Hopelessness in Infertile Women: A Phenomenological Study

Author(s): Sezer Er Güneri,Oya Kavlak,Ege Nazan Tavmergen Göker / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The aim of this study was to investigate hope and hopelessness in infertile women by using Seligman’s theory of “learned helplessness”. The study was conducted using a phenomenological research design. Fifteen infertile women whose treatment had failed were purposively selected. Data were collected via a semi-structured interview technique. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The main themes relating to hope were individual and social/environmental factors; the main themes relating to hopelessness were individual and social/environmental factors, and the treatment processes. The infertile women made more statements expressing their sense of hopelessness than hope. Women experienced fluctuating feelings during treatment and that unsuccessful treatment resulted in a sense of hopelessness and helplessness. Hopelessness experienced as a result of negative unsuccessful experiences of treatment leads to feelings of helplessness by suggesting to infertile women that their treatment will fail and that they will not be able to live a successful life. These feelings cause women to cease treatment. Health professionals need to take infertile women’s psychological needs into account and consider their personal feelings and values.

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The Relationship Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Mental Health Variables in Adolescents

Author(s): Gülgün Uzunoğlu,Zekeriya Deniz Aktan / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

Premenstrual syndrome is a frequently encountered psychological and physiological disorder in adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of premenstrual syndrome with quality of life, level of anger and depression. One hundred fifty-six female high school students were recruited for the study. All completed sociodemographic form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Life Scale for Children (Adolescent Form) and The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Results indicated that whilst the severity of premenstrual syndrome increases, depression and level of anger significantly increase, however, quality of life decreases. The partial mediation effect of depression and anger on the relationship between quality of life and premenstrual syndrome were found to be significant when examined separately. Moreover, anger had a significant partial mediation effect on the relationship between depression and premenstrual syndrome. In conclusion, in the treatment of individuals with premenstrual syndrome, the dimensions of depression, anger and quality of life should be controlled first and the relationships between these variables should not be ignored.

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Alexithymia Levels and Facial Emotion Recognition Skills in Psoriasis Patients

Author(s): Onur Yılmaz,Didem Dizman,Tezer Kılıçarslan,Özgür Bölükbaşı,Nahide Onsun / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The purpose of this study was to examine alexithymia levels and abilities to recognize facial emotions among psoriasis patients and compare with healthy controls. Sixty psoriasis patients diagnosed in dermatology clinics, and 65 age, sex and educationally matched healthy controls were assessed for this randomized controlled trial. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was applied to patients in dermatology clinics, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-1 Disorders, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) were applied to patients and controls in psychiatry clinics. Patients’ mean TAS-20 total scores were higher, while their ability to recognize negative facial emotions were lower than the control group Patients might have underestimated especially negative emotions over time, for a possible defense mechanism against depression and anxiety. Alexithymia levels were significantly related with psoriasis disease severity. Thus, alexithymia might be a predictor for severity of psoriasis.

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Prediction of the Level of Alexithymia through Machine Learning Methods Applied to Automatic Thoughts

Author(s): Mustafa Kemal Yöntem,Kemal Adem / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

This study aims to investigate the relationship among alexithymia levels and automatic thoughts from cognitive behavioral therapy concepts. For this aim, Fisher Score analysis was applied to determine the most effective attributes of the automatic thoughts scale. In addition, the level of alexithymia was predicted by the introduction of the data set into the machine learning methods of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). It is aimed to develop a roadmap of what automatic thoughts should be given priorities in studies. The research, from 10 different provinces of Turkey, was performed with a total of 714 participants, of which 386 (54%) male and 328 (46%) female. Personal information form, Automatic Thoughts Scale and Toronto Alexithymia scale were applied to the participants. The data set obtained from the scale of automatic thoughts was applied to the feature selection by using the Fisher Score method and a data set containing 5 attributes was obtained. As a result of the implementation of the SVM method to this data set, the alexithymia level was predicted with 4.01 RMSE error. The results show that the features of the automatic thoughts are related to the alexithymia level.

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The Effect of Neurofeedback Training on Variables of Attention in Healthy Adults

Author(s): Hande Kaynak,Burak Erdeniz / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The aim of present study is to examine the effect of neurofeedback training on attentional processes in two groups of healthy adult participants. During the experiment, participants in the experimental group were required to complete two puzzles displayed on the computer screen while having neu-rofeedback training. During this procedure, performance on the puzzles was based on participants’ brain activity that was recorded from the Cz area. Moreover, before and after completion of seven neurofeedback sessions, Stroop task was used to measure selective attention performance. Results for the Stroop task showed that although there was a significant reaction time difference before and after the neurofeedback training, there was no significant main effect of group (experimental vs. control group). Furthermore, the reaction time to complete the puzzles across the sessions did not differ significantly between the experimental and the control group. Improving the training program by increasing the number of training sessions and employing a more attention-demanding task in the training sessions might have resulted in an expected effect of neurofeedback.

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Art Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis

Author(s): Aslı Sarandöl,Birgül Aydın,Hayriye Sarıcaoğlu,Arife Öz,Emel Bülbül Başkan,Selçuk Kırlı / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

This study aimed at investigating the themes that emerged after an art therapy and assessing the effectiveness of art therapy using psychological scales and dermatological evaluation indices before and after the therapy in individuals with psoriasis. The study included patients aged 18-65 with moderate psoriasis who had the disease for 5 or more years and were in need of systemic treatment. Those who had a concomitant physical disorder including another skin disease, an active joint disorder or a psychiatric diagnosis other than adjustment disorder were excluded from the study. A total of 15 sessions each lasting 150 minutes were held once a week. Various art techniques including music, painting, and ceramics were practiced to evaluate within the group patients’ understanding of the illness and their self-awareness. The outcomes of the study were presented over three patients who attended the sessions regularly. The dermatological evaluations, patient feedback, and observations of the psychotherapists have shown that art therapy can be an effective method in attenuating the symptoms of psoriasis and evoking awareness of repressed experiences or feelings.

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An Investigation of Developmental Goals and Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

Author(s): Deniz Kurt,Zehra Uçanok / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The main purpose of this study is to investigate emerging adulthood from a goal-setting perspective in the frame of a developmental regulation model. The sample consisted of 396 participants aged between 18 and 30 years. The participants were administered a battery that consisted of Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Loneliness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and questions to determine their life goals and appraisals of these goals. Both future and pasts goals were assessed. Qualitative data analysis indicated that emerging adults’ future goals were mostly related to occupation, education and family and their previous goals were frequently related to education and occupation. Furthermore, older or engaged/married participants stated goals related to family, while single participants most frequently stated goals related with occupation. The study revealed that life satisfaction of the goal engagement participants was significantly higher than those of the goal striving participants. The results showed that young adults set goals appropriate to properties of their developmental period. Furthermore, the results were emphasized the importance of goal appraisals and goal engagement for emerging adults’ well-being.

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