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Proces tranzicije rodno nenormativnih, transrodnih i transpolnih osoba – perspektiva kliničke psihologije

Author(s): Iva Žegura / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

U proteklih dvadesetak godina društvene i političke promjene dovele su do poboljšanja položaja seksualnih manjina te rodno nekonformnih, transrodnih i transpolnih osoba u zemljama Evropske unije pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, ali i u široj regiji (Žegura, 2015; Žegura i Arbanas, 2016; Žegura i Vrbat, 2016). Ministarstvo zdravlja je 2014. g. donijelo Pravilnik o načinu prikupljanja medicinske dokumentacije te utvrđivanju uvjeta i pretpostavki za promjenu spola ili o životu u drugom rodnom identitetu (NN, 132/2014). Također, Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova donijelo je Zakon o državnim maticama koji omogućuje pravnu izmjenu činjenične oznake spola u osobnim dokumentima (NN, 76/2013).

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4.50 €

NORMAL AGING

Author(s): Tatjana Bačun,Ivan Lekić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Aging is a physiological process that, affected by genetic factors, different lifestyles, and environmental exposures, leads to senescence and death. With increasing age, changes in organs and organ systems occur, leading to progressive deterioration and damage to their function, as well as chronic diseases and functional disability. Older age is defined as a chronological age of 65 years. The average life expectancy in Western Europe and the United States is 74 for men and 80 for women. It is expected that by 2025, there will be as many as 82% of people over 60. The elderly often suffer from presbyopia and hearing loss, their muscle mass decreases with an increase in fatty tissue and diminishing bone mineral density, their skeleton becomes more fragile and their body height decreases. Movement and mental reactions become slower. Cardiac minute volume, the vital capacity of the lungs and kidney filtration capacity decrease, while the function of the digestive system generally remains preserved. Special characteristics of organ systems of the elderly are an indispensable subject when it comes to the development of medicine and the development of civilization in general.

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DACĂ TINEREȚEA AR ȘTI ȘI BĂTRÂNEȚEA AR PUTEA SAU DESPRE CONSULTANȚA PSIHOLOGICĂ A TINERILOR ȘI BĂTRÂNILOR. Studiu de caz/Din povestea de viați și activitate a subsemnatului

Author(s): Petru Jelescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article reflects the case study of the undersigned regarding life and activity at the age of seventy-two, when he tested positive for colon cancer, following radiotherapeutic treatments (44 Gy), surgical with the installation of the stoma and chemotherapeutic with the administration of Capecitabin pills -BP 500 mg, attesting to a normal physical, physiological and psychological state, thus continuing life and professional activity as usual and being a good example for both older people and young generations.

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The Traumatic Life Experiences and Ontological Well-Being: Insights from Narrative Psychology and Self-Memory Theory

Author(s): Seçil Bülbül,Serin Işiaçik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ontological well-being adopts a holistic perspective on well-being similar to the narrative psychology when analyzing life histories by referring to past, present, and future aspects of one's life. Relatedly, the self-memory view proposes that life events are self-evaluated. Based on the narrative psychology and self-memory approach, affective life events and emotions are processed in the memory and play a role in structuring self-perceptions and psychological well-being. Therefore, turbulent external conditions such as the pandemic, uncertain environments and socio-economic challenges may lead to traumatic experiences for individuals. Being exposed to traumatic events and experiencing post-traumatic stress harms mental health, well-being, and work performance. This study aims to examine the relationship between traumatic life experiences and ontological well-being within the period of COVID 19 pandemic. It is intended to reveal the impact of traumatic experiences on ontological well-being of individuals in work life. A cross-sectional study was utilized throughout an online survey with the participation of 270 employees working in various private organizations. Following the statistical analyses, the findings were evaluated and both conceptual and practical discussions were provided.

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Depressive Symptoms among Self-Harming Adolescents

Author(s): Slavka Demuthova,Zuzana Rojková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Self-harm is a common form of high-risk behaviour in adolescents. It is often linked to depression; however, the correlation between these two variables has scarcely been studied. The presented study on a sample of 1,117 adolescents aged from 11 to 19 (mean age 15.56) compares the occurrence of depressive symptoms (measured by the CDI questionnaire) in individuals who self-harm versus those who do not self-harm, it investigates whether there is a correlation between the intensity of self-harm (measured by a modified SHI questionnaire) and depressive symptoms on a sample of self-harming adolescents, as well as explores the specificities of the correlation in terms of the age and sex of the subjects. The results showed that the occurrence of depressive symptoms: 1/ is statistically significantly higher (p = 0.000) among self-harming individuals compared to non-self-harmers, particularly in female subjects, 2/ significantly correlates with the intensity of self-harming behaviour in the group of self-harmers (p = 0.000), and 3/ it decreases with age among self-harming female subjects. The conclusions point to a need for the clarification of the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-harming behaviour (presence and direction of causality) and to the consequences in clinical practice.

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The Association between Social Integration, Coping Mechanisms and Anxiety in Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases

Author(s): Rezarta Lalo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recently, mental health issue and chronic physical condition are substantially linked and this comorbidity is likely to increase. Patient focusing in the self-care activities is an important component in the mechanism of coping with chronic disease with a significant impact on clinical and psychological outcomes. In this context, the current study is conducted to assess the impact of self-care and social integration mechanisms on anxiety levels among patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. This observational study of cross-sectional design was performed in the pathology service of Fier city hospital, in Albania during August-September 2020. To assess the level of anxiety, we used the scale of 7 items of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) with a score of ≥10 indicating GAD. Subscales of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) were used in order to evaluate social integration and self-care mechanism. The data were entered into the statistical program SPSS, version 23. The regression analysis is performed to examine the relationship between variables. The findings revealed that 56% of participants had GAD, 47% of participants were unable to self-monitor the disease, while 89% of them did not perform any type of physical activity. The scale of anxiety was significantly associated with variables of Self–monitoring (p=0.000<0.05; OR=0.10) and Social integration (p=0.000<0.05; OR=21.4). These findings address the need to support people who struggle with chronic non-communicable diseases developing adaptive ways to deal with their chronic condition and improve their lifestyle for better overall health.

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DJEČIJA I ADOLESCENTNA PSIHIJATRIJA KAO SAMOSTALNA USTANOVA ILI U SKLOPU ODRASLE PSIHIJATRIJE

Author(s): Sabina Kučukalić,Nermina Čurčić-Hadžagić,Alma Mehmedbašić-Bravo,Abdulah Kučukalić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Objectives: To describe the current organisational model and to analyze future perspectives of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division at the Psychiatric hospital University clinical centre Sarajevo. Background: The Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Psychiatric hospital exists over fifty years. It is the only Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Patients aged between 3-18 years are treated through inpatient, ambulant care and a day hospital. A counselling centre for children and parents is a part as well. For economical reasons and professional exchanges it is better for the Division to exist as a part of the Psychiatric hospital. The main disadvantages are the delayed start of treatment onset because of stigma. Methods: Compare the functioning model of our division with other hospitals for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Discussion: In most countries the treatment is organized through independent clinics. If we compare the organization of the Division UKC Sarajevo with the DivisionKC BC Zagreb we can conclude that they have similar work concepts. The most prominent and basic difference is seen in the number of the available workforce although UKC Sarajevo treat almost the same numbers of children and adolescents with a range of disorders. An even greater difference is seen if we compare the Division for child and adolescent psychiatry Sarajevo with an independent clinic, for example, the Psychiatric hospital for children and adolescents in Zagreb has 78 employees with different educational profiles. The Division in Sarajevo has only ten employees, although we treat the same number of patients. Conclusion: We can conclude that in future we should try to establish an independent hospital for children and adolescents. For this concept it is necessary to provide financial resources, a multidisciplinary professional team, equipment and space which depends on the competent government institutions.

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CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Slobodan Loga,Nirvana Pištoljević,Emira Švraka,Vera Daneš,Bojan Šošić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The goal of this research was to determine the current state of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and based on the findings, point out some possible future prospects in these fields. For this purpose, a questionnaire regarding the existing state of services provided in the child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in the county was designed and disseminated across the country. The representatives of 18 different governmental institutions (Psychiatric Clinics, Mental Health Centers, Health Clinics and Centers for Early Childhood Development) across Bosnia and Herzegovina completed the questionnaire. The data were collected from a total of 143 professionals and focused on minors, children ranging in age from birth through 18 years old. Professionals reported that 47.47% of their applied work with patients was with typically developing children, compared to working with children with special needs, where the average percentage across the institutions was 52.53%. A total of 143 experts who worked with the preschool children and minors reported that 35 of them (24.47%) worked directly with the children over 50% of their work-time, and 34 of them (23.77%) worked exclusively with children and minors. Based on the data collected and a descriptive analysis conducted, some recommendations were made for the future.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES IN CENTRAL EUROPE: HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE SITUATION IN SWITZERLAND, GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS

Author(s): Klaus Schmeck,Susanne Schlüter-Müller / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Child and adolescent psychiatry is a young medical specialty that is in charge of mentally disturbed children and adolescents and their families. The discipline is in close contact with pediatrics and general psychiatry as well as with psychology, educational sciences and social work. In the core of child and adolescent psychiatry are the developmental perspective and the social psychiatric approach that integrates the family system and other relevant psychosocial systems like school or peer-groups. Developmental psychopathology approaches are the basis of all etiological explanations of child psychiatric disorders. In central Europe, child and adolescent psychiatry has evolved in different ways. Switzerland has the highest concentration of child and adolescent psychiatrists worldwide and, as a consequence, is focused mainly on individual psychotherapeutic approaches. In Germany, the number of child and adolescent psychiatrists has been insufficient for a long period of time so that the approach is more focused on social psychiatry where a child and adolescent psychiatrist leads a team of psychologists, social pedagogues and social workers. In the Netherlands child and adolescent psychiatry is clearly focused on evidenced based medicine, but has been taken out of the medical system in 2015 and has become part of community care together with social work and therapeutic pedagogy. In many Balkan countries child and adolescent psychiatry has a long tradition but the number of child and adolescent psychiatrists is low in comparison to western and central European countries. Currently there are many threats that endanger child and adolescent psychiatry as an independent and powerful medical specialty that is of high relevance to compete the various challenges for children and adolescents in modern societies and especially in societies in transition.

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CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES CLINICAL ACADEMIC GROUP AT THE MAUDSLEY HOSPITAL IN LONDON

Author(s): Gordana Milavić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Objective: This article is based on the lecture delivered at the scientific meeting of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Department of Medical Sciences and UNICEF meeting on ‘Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology in Bosnia and Hercegovina – current status and perspectives’ held in Sarajevo from 5 - 7th April 2014. Materials and methods: The focus is on the need to prioritise the provision of mental health services for children and young people. Results: A brief history and description of the development of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the UK, and specifically in England is provided. National Policy and clinical Guidelines are highlighted. A model of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust is described as an example of good practice. Conclusions: Evidence based interventions and proven service models should inform all planning. Collaborative decision making in clinical practice, an emphasis on quality standards and outcomes are at the core of well run services. The views of children, young people and their families are crucial in establishing new services. Transition to adult mental health services will require clear pathways and protocols.

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MENTAL HEALTH CARE IN SERBIA – CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH (CAMH)

Author(s): Milica Pejović Milovančević,Vladimir Miletić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Child and adolescent psychiatry (developmental psychiatry) is a relatively young branch of psychiatry and a very young discipline in Serbia. With the advancement of clinical knowledge, research, education and professional activities, new challenges are constantly arising in the field. It had been developing in Serbia for the past fifty years and now represents a separate professional discipline which encompasses specific diagnostic procedures, treatment, prevention, rehabilitation and research of disorders of emotional, social and cognitive development of children and adolescents. In this article we discuss historical perspectives of child psychiatry in Serbia, its current states, challenges and we outline further possibilities of development.

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DEPRESSION OF CHILDREN WITH DIABETES

Author(s): Nada Vaselić,Gordana Bukara-Radujković,Mira Spremo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Diabetes is chronic condition of children with increase of incidence in our area. The aim of this paper is to examine depression of children with diabetes in relation to their healthy peers. The sample includes 104 participants, from 10 to 15 years of age. Clinical sample includes 52 children with diabetes type 1, and comparative sample of 52 children without diabetes. Data was collected using general information questionnaire and CDI (Children’s Depression Inventory) (1). Data analysis was performed by means of descriptive statistics, parametric and non-paramatric statistical techniques. Results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the degrees of depression in clinical and control group (Factorial Analysis of Variance, F=2.78, p=.10). Within the clinical sample, no difference was found neither between depression and metabolic regulation of glycaemia through the value of hemoglobin HbA1c (Mann-Whitney U test, Mdn=291, p=.56), nor between depression and the period of duration of diabetes (Kruskal-Wallis test, c2=1.97, p=.37). Conclusion: children with diabetes do not differ in degree of depression from their peers in general population. Especially vulnerable period for occurrence of depression is time interval between 3 and 5 years from the diabetes diagnosis, thus this period should be in focus of targeted and more intensive psychological intervention aimed at prevention of depression and other mental disorders.

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Psihičko nasilje i posljedice nasilja u porodici

Author(s): Dželila Mulić-Čorbo / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Prije nego što detaljno uđemo u temu psihičkog nasilja, važno je osvrnuti se na posljednje, ključne rezultate iz istraživanja “Dobrobit i sigurnost žena u BiH“ koje je proveo OSCE 2019. godine, a u kojem se može vidjeti trenutno stanje svijesti žena o nasilju u porodici, ali i stavovi i uvjerenja o nasilju, prevenciji i zaštiti, te doživljeni oblici nasilja u Bosni i Hercegovini.

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Izolacija žrtve i ekstremna dominacija: strana državljanka i psihološko nasilje

Author(s): Katica Jozak-Mađar / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kazneno djelo "nasilje u obitelji" je novo kazneno djelo u kaznenom zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine. Ujedno, "nasilje u obitelji" je težak, prilično rasprostranjen društveni problem, koji je prepoznat kao oblik rodno zasnovanog nasilja kojim se krše temeljna ljudskih prava i slobode i koje šteti svima, društvu u cjelini sa najtežim posljedicama po žrtvu/oštećenu, koja ima pravo na život, dostojanstvo, slobodu, zaštitu i satisfakciju.

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Psihološka trauma silovanja

Author(s): Heather Huhtanen / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Silovanje spada u kategoriju visoko intenzivnih traumatskih događaja, odnosno događaja koji su izvan granica uobičajenog ljudskog iskustva i koji su izrazito neugodni svim ljudima, a posebno djeci. Prema petom izdanju Dijagnostičkog i statističkog priručnika za duševne poremećaje – DSM-5, traumatski događaji uključuju izravnu i neizravnu izloženost stvarnoj ili prijetećoj smrti, ozbiljnom ozljeđivanju ili seksualnom nasilju. Ovakvi događaji tako jako čovjeka izbacuju iz njegove „životne ravnoteže“ da mu je iznimno teško ponovno je uspostaviti. Traumatski događaji mogu biti jednokratni, ali i ponavljajući. To su događaji koji su izrazito teški i koji kod svake izložene osobe neminovno dovode do psihičkog stanja koje se naziva psihološka trauma. Intenzitet i trajnost psihološke traume nije isti za svaku osobu. Naime, jačina i intenzitet traumatske reakcije, kao i dužina njenog trajanja određeni su individualnom kognitivnom procjenom takvih događaja. Prema tome, kod nekih osoba traumatska reakcija može biti teža i dalekosežnija, dok kod drugih može biti manjeg intenziteta i trajnosti. Silovanje, kao jedno od najtraumatičnijih iskustava, rezultira dugoročnijim i dalekosežnijim posljedicama u odnosu na druge oblike traumatskih iskustava. Naime, pored fizičkog napada koji za sobom vuče mogućnost zdravstvenih rizika vezanih uz zarazu HIV-om te spolno prenosive bolesti i neželjenu trudnoću, silovanje narušava intimne i psihološke granice žrtve. Dakle, psihosocijalne posljedice silovanja često su teže i dalekosežnije od trenutnih fizičkih efekata ove vrste nasilja.

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The Psychological Trauma of Rape

Author(s): Heather Huhtanen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rape is in a category of highly intense traumatic events that so exceed the limits of common human experience as to be exceptionally horrific for all people, especially children. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), traumatic events include those involving direct and indirect exposure to death or threats of death, serious injury, or sexual violence. These events are extremely difficult and imminently result in the psychological condition called psychological trauma. These events may be isolated or recurring, and can so severely disturb the “life balance” of an individual that they have difficulty ever finding it again.

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Поступак за изрицање мјера безбједности обавезног психијатријског лијечења у кривичном поступку Републике Српске

Author(s): Mladenka Govedarica / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The Criminal Code of the Republika Srpska from 2017 prescribes nine security measures as criminal sanctions that can be imposed after the conducted criminal procedure. Among them, security measures of obligatory psychiatric care and treatment in a health institution or at large have an extremely important place. Criminal sanctions are imposed after it has been established in the evidentiary procedure at the main trial that the person committed an illegal act in a state of insanity. Although there is a lack of a subjective component which, in addition to the objective one, requires that an action be characterized as a criminal offense, it is quite clear that it is necessary for society to react through the courts to persons who have entered the field of criminal law disorders. The criminal procedure legislation of BiH differently prescribes the type of court decision which imposes the said security measures. In the legislation of the Republika Srpska, these measures are imposed in the form of a decision when it is proven that the person was insane at the time of the crime (without time limit, with justification being examined every nine months), while in the rest of the BiH legislation in case of proven insanity a verdict is pronounced establishing that the accused has committed an illegal act in a state of insanity, and than the special decision is issued ordering temporary involuntary placement in a health institution for a period of six months. In addition to differences in the type of decision, all persons in BiH who were sentenced to security measures are placed in the Institute for Forensic Psychiatry - Sokolac and it is the only institution of this type in the territory of BiH. The institution of this type provides adequate psychiatric treatment for these persons in BiH, which is in line with European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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Diferenciálně-diagnostické využití kresby postavy

Author(s): Terézia Dlhošová,Katarína Šafárová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The figure drawing test is a projective method widely used in the psychological diagnostics. There is a question raised from everyday clinical praxis asking wheter the method can be used to distinguish different groups within the pathological population. We wanted to find out whether it is possibile to identify schizophrenic patients by detecting schizophrenic signs in the drawings. We created a handbook for scoring the signs marked by previous researchers as bring characsteristic for schizophrenia diseases. We analysed the drawings of patients from psychiatric hospital in Opava with various diagnosis (24 schizophrenia patients and 11 with other diagnosis) and various number of hospitalization (m= 19,57). The poster presents our preliminary results.

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IZAZOVI SOCIJALNOG RADNIKA U ULOGAMA SAVJETOVATELJA I PSIHOTERAPEUTA U HRVATSKOM ZDRAVSTVU

Author(s): Ivana Mošić Pražetina / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

U današnjem vremenu u kojem znamo koliko je mentalno zdravlje važno, savjetovanje ili psihoterapija nisu više strani pojmovi kao nekada, pa tako često možemo čuti da je netko nekome predložio da porazgovara s nekim stručnim ili je išao na razgovore kako bi si pomogao. Savjetovanju / psihoterapiji37 kao obliku podrške zasigurno je pridonijela i pandemija uzrokovana virusom Covid–19, koja nas je suočila s nizom novih izazova u ponašanju i razumijevanju svijeta u kojem živimo. Pandemija je učinila vidljivijima poteškoće s kojima su se pojedinci i/ili obitelji dotad suočavali, na sebi svojstven način, i kao da ih je izoštrila, imenovala i ukazala na ono što bi bilo korisno mijenjati. Pokušavajući razumjeti globalnu pandemiju, mogli smo naučiti puno toga o sebi kao i koliko je važno psihičko zdravlje. Tako u posljednje vrijeme bilježimo porast zanimanja za savjetovanje ili psihoterapiju u privatnim psihoterapijskim praksama i u javnom zdravstvenom sustavu. Iako je hrvatski zdravstveni sustav dostupan svima, u praksi bilježimo da takvu uslugu u zdravstvu ipak koriste osobe slabijeg imovinskog stanja i češće oni koje se na takav korak ne bi odlučili sami, već na primjer nakon poticaja liječnika. Pripremajući ovaj tekst razmišljala sam kako opisati rad socijalnog radnika u ulozi savjetovatelja i psihoterapeuta u zdravstvu u sadašnjim životnim i društvenim okolnostima i zaključila sam da se moj posao odvija u kontekstu puno različitih izazova, kojih ni sama ponekad nisam svjesna.

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Post-partum Dönemdeki Kadınlarda Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumun Depresyonla Olan İlişkisi

Author(s): Tuğba Makbule Çuvadar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Mental health plays a critical role in the pregnancy process of women. Pregnancy is a period of great change in a woman's body as her baby develops. During this period, women often experience anxiety symptoms. Although the literature has suggested that socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the severity of pregnant women experiencing anxiety and depression, it has shown that women with low socioeconomic status may be more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that low ses will be associated with an increased experience of anxiety and depressive symptoms.woman's health before, during and after pregnancy. The results of this study shows that low socioeconomic status may increase the risk of anxiety and depression in pregnant women; therefore, practitioners should consider the socioeconomic status of patients assessing the risk of anxiety and depression during their pregnancy. The implementation of this type of screening for pregnant women is vital for ensuring both a healthy mother and a healthy baby. Post-partum depression is a serious psychiatric problem with a fairly high incidence, which can be the cause of morbidity and mortality for mother and baby. There are many factors that affect the development of depression in the post-partum period in women. The main factors among these are; the economic situation, the mother's family / own history of depression, not wanting pregnancy / child, the number of pregnancies and the excess number of children. Knowing these factors will guide on which issues the mother needs follow-up and support after childbirth. In addition, health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk with new families through the transition to parenthood.

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