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University museums in Poland, like most similar institutions throughout Europe, are generally museums of the history of the academic establishments in which they were created. The University Museum in Toruń is different in this respect. It was established in 2005 out of the need to take care of already existing museum collections, first of all the works of art by Polish artists living abroad and of artists of the Vilnius and Toruń schools. It is not that the Museum doesn’t deal with the documentation of the history of science in Vilnius and in Toruń, but its science collection is only marginal.
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The article is an attempt at presenting Professor Karol Estreicher’s idea of a Museum in the Collegium Maius. Recalling the history and successive steps of the museum creation, mainly based on the Professor’s Diaries, the author tries to find out whether Professor Estreicher’s dream about a university museum came true in reality.
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The Natural History Museum of Biology and Earth Sciences Department in the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń was established on the 14th of November, 1973. From the beginning of its existence the Museum has been devoted to the educational programs and promotion of natural sciences, including environmental protection, among students, apprentices and other nature lovers. Research is also conducted in the Museum. Furthermore, the Museum organizes various popular science and cognitive events (photo exhibitions, aquaristic events, photo and film contests, and the like). The exhibits in the display halls were collected from various sources, such as: donations, scientific expeditions by university researchers, purchase and taxidermy works carried out by museum staff. The largest exhibition hall houses a number of displays of animal classification and the Earth’s climate zones.
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The Natural History Museum, Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Łódź, is a continuator of the Municipal Natural History Museum in Łódź which was created in 1930. The present Museum collection contains over 100 000 specimens, encompassing many taxonomic groups of animals from all over the world. Insects are the most numerous, in particular butterflies, estimated at around 45 000, hymenoptera, around 25 000 and coleoptera, around 14 000. Among particularly valued and generally known exhibits there is a complete skeleton of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), found in the Tatras and reconstructed by Edward Potęga, the aurochs’ skull (Bos primigenius), a spider crab preparation (Macrocheira kaempferi), as well as collections of Polish birds representing an almost complete array of species from Central Poland, Polish butterflies collected by Zygmunt Śliwiński and a collection of skeletons prepared by Izydor Siemieniuk. Many exhibits , both vertebrates and invertebrates, are of historical value and come from the early 20th-century collections.
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In 2014, the Nature Education Centre of the Jagiellonian University (CEP) begins its operation. It is a completely new unit, which will house the Zoological Museum, the Geological Museum as well as the University’s anthropological and paleobotanical collections. The construction of CEP is financed largely from EU funds. The two-storey building of CEP has an area of 4700m2. The ground floor houses the hall, part of the geological and astronomical exhibitions, the history cabinet and modern storage space for the geological collections and one of Europe’s largest scientific collections of tropical butterflies, along with staff rooms, laboratories and a lecture hall. The Hall will also contain an aviary in which live insects and other invertebrates will be on display. The first floor will house main zoological and geological exhibitions under the leading theme “Evolution of Life and Earth” and a temporary exhibition room. The main part of the zoological exhibition will be a review of systematics of the animal world and thematic blocks devoted to biogeography, mechanisms of evolution, adaptation to life in various environments, etology and a large anthropology block. The geological part will contain a review of geological eras and a number of thematic exhibitions. CEP will conduct activities connected with education at all levels, including thematic activities on various nature-related themes, science promotion workshops and the knowledge of nature. Campaigns promoting the values of nature and raising environmental awareness of the general public will be organised. CEP is intended to be a modern unit participating in teaching curricula of the Jagiellonian University and schools from Małopolska and all over the country.
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The Władysław Rydzewski Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław (MNHW) is among the oldest museums of its kind in Poland and the largest such museum being part of university in our country. It was established in 1814 as the University’s Zoological Museum on the initiative of J.L.C. Gravenhorst, the first zoology professor in Wrocław. 2014 is the Museum’s 200. anniversary. During almost half of its history it was located in the halls of the University’s Main Building. Since 1904, it occupied its present location at 21 Sienkiewicza street, and additionally, since 2004 it acquired a new Herbarium building where also the entomological collections were transferred. The Museum’s biological collections, which were among the richest in Europe, suffered greatly during World War II; in all, half of the zoological collections and nearly two thirds of the herbarium were lost. Despite the losses, the collection is the second largest in Poland. After the war, under the Polish government, the Museum remained part of the University and its significance increased. In 1974 it became the present-day Museum of Natural History, of a rank of research institute. Two years later, having fused with the Herbarium and the former Botanical Museum, and having taken over the old and valuable plant collections, the Museum acquired its present structure and status. The main spiritus movens of the organisation changes and post-war scientific development was the Museum’s director of 1963–1980, professor W. Rydzewski. In recognition of his merits, since 1985 the Museum bears his name.
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Born in Bologna, educated at Bologna and Padua universities, Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), is generally known as a naturalist and biologist, the author a great work: Natural History, in which he aimed to contain his entire knowledge of nature. Aldrovandi was a man of very receptive mind, thoroughly educated and thus he was appointed to various offices throughout his life. He was the Head of the Chair of Natural Sciences at the Bologna University. He contributed to the opening of the municipal botanical garden of which he was the director for many years. While holding the office of Protomedicus, he compiled the first Bologna’s pharmacopoeia which is still binding in the city. He spent most of his free time and funds on travelling and collecting materials for his Natural History. His steadily growing collection of books, manuscripts, drawings and natural exhibits was displayed in his own house and was available to visitors. In his last will, Aldrovandi bequeathed his natural collection and library to the Senate of Bologna which transferred the collection to the Municipal Palace. The surviving exhibits and prints are now kept at the Palazzo Poggi and the University Library in Bologna.
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The article is a continuation of the subject connected with the work of Ulissess Aldrovandi focusing on Polish scholars’ contribution to enrich his collection. Some specimens and prints he could not find personally, he received thanks to his friendship and correspondence with fellow scientists, former students and travellers interested in his work and in visiting his museum. Thanks to his Polish contacts, Aldrovandi could also extend his collection by specimens from Poland. The Professor of the Kraków Academy, Marcin Fox, who met the naturalist during his studies in Bologna, was particularly instrumental in acquiring exhibits. The exchange of letters and nature exhibits between the scientists continued from 1579 to 1588.
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The article presents the history of the collection created by the Dzieduszycki family in Lviv. The collection contains various ethnographic, numismatic and library exhibits, but first and foremost natural exhibits. In the 19th century Count Włodzimierz Dzieduszycki set up the Natural and Ethnographic Museum in Lviv, based on his collection. The paper also contains a description of the museum building and the history of the collection during the 1st and the 2nd World Wars, and in the aftermath of the take over of the museum by the USSR authorities after the shifting of borders in 1945. The activities of people professionally involved in the operation of the Natural Museum in Lviv and their scientific relations are also briefly covered. After 1945 the collection was dispersed – some exhibits are to be found in other museums, while other exhibits are still in their former building. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to access them.
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The article is discussing the incunabular and old printed items in the holdings of Elenka and Cyrill Avramov’s chitalishte in which hundreds of books from the school and private library of Emauel Vaskidovich are preserved, including his unpublished works.
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This paper treats the Ethnological Museum in Pristina, including its history, since its establishment until now, the installation and presentation of museum exhibition, the contribution of scholars on the concept of the exhibition, the buildings where is raised the exhibition, the treatment of specimens and their classification, the activities orga-nized by the employees of the Ethnological Museum, an opinion on the state of Muse-ology in Kosova, and its development.
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The 95th anniversary of the Public Libraries Act provides a good opportunity to consider the lives and works of the people who deserve credit for that legislation and of people who, with their enthusiasm, education, professional qualifications, and the daily carrying-out of their duties, made that legislation a reality. Since the Prague Public Library (est. 1891; today called the Municipal Library of Prague) was the main initiator and guarantor of this law, just as its employees and associates were the key specialists for the development of Czech library sciences, this edition of correspondence focuses on central figures of the library. The correspondence, selected after extensive research in the holdings of the Museum of Czech Literature, focuses on Jan Thon (1886–1973), František Hrubín (1910–1971), Miroslav Heřman (1903–1971), and Jan Grmela (1895–1957). The selection from the great quantity of correspondence deposited here was guided by the criteria of time and content. Mutual correspondence was given priority. We are publishing here both a complete set of the preserved correspondence of some individuals and parts of the correspondence of others. The edition provides a concise picture of the period just before the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, as well as the period when the library was being built up in the 1920s, followed by its efflorescence in the 1930s, the difficult years under German occupation during the Second World War (15March 1939 to 9 May 1945), the three years of the ‘phoney democracy’ immediately after the Liberation, and the difficulties and tragedies experienced by some people in the early years of Communist totalitarianism. The choice of period is also ultimately based on the criterion of arrangement. We see that the special nature of personal correspondence, by its immediacy of experience and expressiveness, helps to illustrate events and the atmosphere of the period better than any official documents. The selected correspondence manifests a wide variety of subject matter and points of view: the work, specialist problems, education, relations amongst colleagues and friends, social standing and social problems, everyday private joys, interests, worries, and hardships, and coping with the pressures of dramatic political events. The edition contains correspondence from fourteen people sent to four recipients. It comprises a selection of 97 picture postcards, postcards, letters both of private and of official provenance, and manuscripts with personal dedications as well as printed poems. These were divided into five sections: (a) Thon’s Earliest Colleagues, (b) Poet-Friend (František Hrubín), (c) Hardships during the Protectorate and the War Economy, (d) Post-war Freedom, and (e)After ‘Victorious February’ (the Communist take-over), 1948. The aim of this edition is not, nor can it be, to provide a complete picture of the activity of the Municipal Library of Prague and the people who worked there or were associated with it. Instead, its more modest aim is to provide other scholars with source material and inspiration to conduct further research in this area. The story of the Municipal Library of Prague and ‘its’ people, told by means of their correspondence, was discovered and recorded in honour of one of the most important Czech scholars of book culture – Jan Thon.
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The study examines the change of curatorial models in the manner of organising museum expositions. It discusses the familiar architectural structures: Wunderkammer, Kunsthalle, Oberlichtsaal, white cube, archive (Christoph Lichtin, 2007), as well as the inclusion of new models, using the metaphor of the snowball and the cloud (Martin Heller, 2007). With the new display practices, the emphasis shits from the pure field of the object to the act of presentation: it is not only that works of art are shown but projects are also being carried out in accordance with a given specific place. What is presented are examples, in which the space and the display are both the theme of and the reason for the exhibition, such as the “Space-public” project in Sofia Arsenal Museum of Contemporary Art. The participating artists interpret space in terms of structure and content, a dialogue, a network and contradictions.
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The author discussed the selected examples of book bindings from the missionary library in Kraków displayed during two exhibitions in the Historical-Missionary Museum of Congregation of the Mission of St. Vincent de Paul in Kraków in 2014. The first one focuses on the diversity of Polish bookbinding from 15th to 18th century, stylistic modifications and changes in technical solutions. Sixteenth century book bindings from Kraków with the characteristic ferrules and rollstamps, made of parchment or paper were presented. The second display was devoted to notes of ownership with a particular attention to super ex libris and provenance notes. Undoubtedly, the most remarkable super ex libris came from King Zygmunt August book collection.
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