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W ostatnim czasie duże zainteresowanie zaczął wzbudzać nastrój, czyli stan o tak małej intensywności, że czasem umyka naszej uwadze. Nie ma on bezpośredniego wpływu na zachowania człowieka, nie stanowi impulsu do działania, nie wybija się na plan pierwszy w naszej świadomości, ale decyduje o tym, jak postrzegamy nasze otoczenie. Nastrój zabarwia wszystkie nasze myśli i dlatego jest w nich cały czas obecny. Dość szczególne miejsce wśród różnych jego rodzajów zajmuje smutek. Właściwie zawsze w myśleniu potocznym był uznawany za uciążliwy i całkowicie niepotrzebny. Książka ujmuje smutek w kontekście najpopularniejszych modeli nastroju i pokazuje, że w wielu sytuacjach jest on o wiele bardziej użyteczny niż nastroje przyjemne. Zawsze pozostaje odczuciem uciążliwym, a czasem nawet bolesnym, ale może przynosić korzyści w postaci usprawnienia niektórych procesów poznawczych czy uodpornienia na błędy postrzegania i ewaluacji.
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Dzieci z rodzin z problemem alkoholowym stanowią grupę wysokiego ryzyka dotyczącego zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego. Ostatnie szacunki wskazują, że w Polsce około 1,5 mln dzieci wychowuje się przy pijącym rodzicu. Dzięki licznym badaniom empirycznym coraz lepiej rozumiemy ich sytuację. Zaburzenia psychiczne rodziców bezpośrednio wynikające z uzależnienia oraz z nim współistniejące mogą negatywnie oddziaływać na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci i młodzieży na różnych etapach życia, jak też prowadzić do wystąpienia objawów eksternalizacyjnych i internalizacyjnych. Najnowsze prace naukowe podkreślają jednak duże zróżnicowanie populacji dzieci alkoholików, a wiedza empiryczna pozwala na coraz lepsze rozumienie mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za to zróżnicowanie. Książka stanowi kontynuację zainteresowań autorki problematyką funkcjonowania dzieci alkoholików. Znaczne rozpowszechnienie problemu alkoholizmu w społeczeństwie skłania do nieustannego poszerzania wiedzy na temat dzieci uzależnionych rodziców oraz poszukiwania empirycznych dowodów na obecność istotnych dla ich rozwoju czynników ryzyka i zasobów. Wyniki tych badań mogą wpłynąć na poprawę skuteczności i efektywności programów profilaktycznych oraz działań interwencyjnych, kierowanych do dzieci i młodzieży szczególnie zagrożonych zbyt wczesnym i nadmiernym spożywaniem alkoholu oraz innych substancji psychoaktywnych.
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Niewątpliwymi atutami książki są z jednej strony rzetelna informacja o zmianach zachodzących w życiu młodych ludzi – podana w sposób logiczny i uporządkowany, z drugiej zaś – spojrzenie poradnikowe: jak dorośli mogą na te zmiany reagować i które reakcje pomagają, a które przeszkadzają w rozwoju i układaniu wzajemnych relacji. Autorka pokazuje trudności, ale przedstawia je jako normalne i rozwojowe, wyjaśnia, obala mity. Pisze w sposób wyważony, nie posługuje się stereotypami, nie straszy, lecz uspokaja, buduje zrozumienie, co nadaje całości konstruktywny, pozytywny wydźwięk. Praca łączy w sobie wysokie walory merytoryczne dobrej książki naukowej z przystępnością formy i lekkością pióra książki popularnej. Co więcej, zawiera jasne i cenne wskazówki dotyczące postępowania. To połączenie wiedzy, mądrości i dobrego stylu czyni z niej pozycję ze wszech miar wartą polecenia. /// Z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Piotra K. Olesia
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The publication is concerned with the topic of infant crying. The research objective of the study was to determine whether the perception of infant crying is influenced by psychological characteristics of the mother. The data on 310 women were collected during their pregnancy and after delivery. Maternal psychological characteristics were obtained from self-report questionnaires during the first data collection (3rd trimester).The data about infant’s crying behaviour were obtained during the second data collection (between 4th and 8th week after delivery).The second data collection also included the original questionnaire Feelings about Infant Crying and Infant Crying Characteristics. The relationships between maternal characteristics and their perception of infant crying were significant.
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The author conceptualises his work as a contribution for clarifying the trustworthiness of virtual environment. The first part describes the theoretical background of the phenomenon of lying, not only in the context of virtual environment. The second part of the monograph takes into account such factors as motivation, influence, age, where lying on the Internet is described as perhaps the most complex. The subsequent part is focused on description of the relationship of individuals towards virtual friends and acquaintances in the context of lying and also making new romantic relationships. The last part is devoted to finding the most suitable predictors of lying on the Internet.
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The publication presents theoretical foundations of continuous improvement and environmental innovation in a company. The interdisciplinary issue is being scrutinized from the perspective of management, organizational psychology and conservation psychology. The neccessary research framework is provided by the theory of planned behaviour. The aim of the conducted research was to find out in what ways employees of a particular business take part in the innovation activities and eco-innovations development. Alongside the theoretical model derived from the theory of planned behaviour has been subject to verification. In this way the appropriateness of employee behavioural intention to make amotion to innovation was examined. It can be summarized that the environmental innovation proposals are not perceived by the employees of the company as a common practice in the process of innovation development. The innovation activities have from a point of view of the foremen and the moderators the aim of productivity increase and making work easier. For the labourers it means above all financial gain as a reward for the innovation proposals. The moderators –according to their opinion – incite the labourers to suggest eco-innovations, however the labourers alone do not perceive their improvement proposals to be environmentally sound.
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Family and the various forms of relationships and communications between the different generations in a family still represent a common object of research in the field of humanities, including ethnology. For most of us, family is a micro-world in which the major part of the human life happens. It offers us the initial information about the functioning of things and, in particular, about relationships between people, and creates the space in which we train communication. Within a family we learn in a non-violent way about how relationships between people –peers and members of different generations – work. We adopt opinions about what is going on around us, accept values and norms that we consequently use, modify and confront with the world outside the family sphere. Socialization in a family is the initial blueprint that forms our identity, the idea about who we are, where we belong to, whose continuation we are. Above all, family is an environment that is supposed to bring together its members through the feeling of mutual trust. It also offers the possibility (almost the obligation) to talk about confidential issues, but it can also create a “circle of silence” about phenomena which are taboo because of being painful and hurting both the speakers and the listeners. Especially in totalitarian regimes, family is endangered by the disclosure of certain facts, while others distort the positive image about its members. Family and society are interrelated as communicating vessels. Any changed conditions in society also change family, its forms, the relationships between generations, as well as the themes and the forms of communication within it. And vice versa – society responds (or should respond) to the needs and problems of family by means of special institutions. Today, the changes in communication in family are due to increased mobility of its members (education, work, personal fulfillment), individualization, as well as the development of new communication technologies. On one hand, there is the actual physical distance between the family members; on the other hand, the overcoming of such distance thanks to technological discoveries. In connection with family issues the developments in the European society of the 2nd half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have made us reflect about Martin Heidegger's statement: “The present times have overcome all distances, but have not created any proximity.” Another characteristic feature of a present-day family is the fact that the increased life expectancy trend allows for longer co-habitation and cultivation of relationships between three or even four generations. This creates a new potential for of inter-generational family relationships and extends the time lived in such relationships as adult individuals. The term generation can be described in several manners: for example, by an appropriately defined time interval related to the period of birth of individuals pertaining to a single generation. It is common to use the interval of 10 to 30 years, but other criteria can also be set for determining who pertains to which generation. Hence, a generation can be defined on the basis of the duration of a certain event (e.g. war generation) or structurally, like childhood (Wintersberger 2000: 6).
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From the 2014 invasion of Ukraine to more recent attempts to interfere in democratic elections, antagonists seeking to influence their adversaries have turned to social media manipulation. At the heart of this practice is a flourishing market dominated by Manipulation Service Providers (MSPs) based in Russia. Buyers range from individuals to companies to state-level actors. Typically, these service providers sell social media engagement in the form of comments, clicks, likes, and shares. Since its foundation, the NATO Strategic Communication Centre of Excellence in Riga has studied social media manipulation as an important and integral part of the influence campaigns malicious state and non-state actors direct against the Alliance and its partners.
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Antagonists, from foreign governments to terror groups, anti-democratic groups, and commercial companies, continually seek to manipulate public debate through the use of coordinated social media manipulation campaigns. These groups rely on fake accounts and inauthentic behaviour to undermine online conversations, causing online and offline harm to both society and individuals. As a testament to the continued interest of antagonists and opportunists alike to manipulate social media, a string of social media companies, researchers, intelligence services, and interest groups have detailed attempts to manipulate social media conversations during the past year. Therefore, it continues to be essential to evaluate whether the social media companies are living up to their commitments to counter misuse of their platforms. In an attempt to contribute to the evaluation of social media platforms, we re-ran our ground-breaking experiment to assess their ability to counter the malicious use of their services. This year we spent significant effort to improve our methodology further, and we also added a fifth social media platform, Tik-Tok, to our experiment.
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The last thirty years have been a time of extremely rapid changes, both social and technological. The very dynamic development and popularization of the Internet significantly changed the way modern organizations function. Nowadays Internet is used in every area of business operations, also in the field of human resource management and employee development. Most of the online tools can be successfully used to improve the knowledge and skills of employees. Tools such as online encyclopedias, blogs, sharepoints, social networking sites, FAQ databases, online courses, forums and mailing lists, virtual worlds and e-books are successfully used by organizations for human resource development purposes. The aim of the book is to show that the Internet is a tool for human resources development, but in the practice of organizations, the possibilities of Internet in employee development is not fully used.
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The book summarizes the results of the project “Diversification of Preschool Education in the Czech Republic: Inclusion, Exclusion and Social Inequalities”. The research is based on group and individual interviews, mapping the context of preschool education and direct observations in preschools. It explores the links between social inequalities and the diversifying supply of preschool education, especially in connection to parental choices and strategies related to preschool selection. The book focuses on microprocesses of (re)constructing social differences that are grounded in the ethos of the facility, as well as in parents' perceptions of their children's temperaments and their understanding of childhood and children's needs in preschool age.
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The influence of social media in society continues to grow. Facebook, the largest online social media in the world today, has over 1.65 billion users from all over the world. From a marketing perspective, Facebook offers a unique opportunity for addressing enormous numbers of potential customers. This has created a growing need to research Facebook and evaluate its suitability for marketing purposes. One of the main tasks of marketers and academics is to determine whether money invested in communication on Facebook generates the anticipated profits. It is widely known that a firm’s greatest revenue comes from a maximum of 20 % of customers who have developed a positive relationship with the company. A long-term positive relationship is most often built between a customer and a brand. A consumer with a positive relationship with a brand speaks more about the brand, repeatedly purchases its products and is willing to pay more for them, in this way becoming a loyal customer. The subject of this work is brands in the fashion segment, specifically common clothing brands. The name ‘common fashion brands’ was introduced on the basis of a qualitative study that forms part of this work. The aim of the study was to divide the Czech fashion market by price level and quality from the perspective of Czech customers and to name these categories. The main objective of the dissertation was to determine whether it is possible to build loyalty to the company Facebook pages of common fashion brands, followed by loyalty to brands. The results of a survey conducted for this purpose were divided into five main chapters. Chapter 1 provides an analysis of the attributes of common clothing brands and describes the common fashion brands that are bought most often on the Czech market. Chapter 2 identifies the customers of common clothing brands and their shopping habits, and Chapter 3 investigates Facebook and its users. Chapter 4 addresses the company Facebook pages of common fashion brands and their fans. In the final chapter of the work, loyalty to company Facebook pages and to common clothing brands is tested using the statistical model of structural equation modelling (SEM). This model showed that it is possible to build fan loyalty to Facebook company pages and subsequently to clothing brands.
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Classroom management is one of the decisive factors in the case of beginning teachers regarding whether they remain in the profession and in the case of experienced teachers regarding their satisfaction in the profession. For beginning teachers, it is an area that they seldom learnt at their faculties and that they learn first in their teaching practice. Yet when teachers are not able to manage their class, they are not able to teach their pupils something either. The monograph presents findings about student teachers in their teaching practice and their mentor teachers at lower secondary schools. Our research is based on classroom observation, interviews, and questionnaires. We study behavioral and instructional management and describe their relation to need for closure.
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The publication describes the research on the attitudes of the teachers of health education or an equivalent course in lower secondary schools. In the theoretical part the issue is explained in a broader context. The types of eating disorders and the factors that contribute to the development of these disorders in childhood and adolescence are described. The following section explains the prevention of risk behaviour with a focus on the role of the school and teachers in the primary prevention of eating disorders. The publication describes how teachers can identify eating disorders and suggests their appropriate behaviour towards children with a suspected eating disorder. The book also focuses on the issue of attitudes. The text refers to relevant domestic and international research studies that illustrate the current state of the issue. The theoretical part of the publication defines the research problem, which is to identify the teachers' attitudes to eating disorders. The main research method is the semantic differential applied on a sample of 166 elementary school teachers from various regions of the Czech Republic. The additional method is the semi-structured interview conducted with some teachers from the research sample. The core focus of the publication is the new knowledge concerning the attitudes of elementary school teachers to eating disorders. The results are analysed in terms of the teachers' qualification, gender, age, and length of teaching experience. The final part of the paper summarizes the most important findings and recommendations for the prevention of eating disorders in educational practice. The new findings can also be applied in foreign educational systems.
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The text offers information on visual impairment and its impact on the educational process and school work. The text provides background information for ordinary school teachers not only about the special educational needs of a pupil with visual impairment, but also about how to support the inclusive climate of the classroom in accepting diversity, cooperating pupils and communicating with each other in the classroom. The text also offers information on the role of drama in inclusive education.
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Autor przeprowadził badania dotyczące zachowań nabywców w przestrzeni wewnątrzsklepowej. Miały one charakter pomiarów fizjologicznych, których przydatność w wyjaśnianiu oddziaływania różnych elementów przestrzeni wewnątrzsklepowej na zachowania nabywców miała zostać określona. Walorem pracy prezentującej wyniki i wnioski z tych badań jest nowatorskie łączenie dorobku ekonomii behawioralnej, psychologii oraz fizjologii. Książka zainteresuje każdego badacza problemu i każdego bywalca przestrzeni wewnątrzsklepowych.
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Ülke genelinde diyabet, çölyak ve obezite hastalıkları artış mevcuttur. Bu hastalıkların 0-18 yaş arasındaki çocuklarda da daha sık görülmektedir. Türkiye'de her yıl yeni tanı alanlarla birlikte 20 bin civarında diyabet hastası çocuk vardır. Diğer taraftan ömür boyu glütensiz diyet gerektiren çölyak hastalığı, ülkemizde 110/1 çocukta görülmektedir. Ülkemizdeki 3 milyon obez hastasından %60'ı çocuktur ve her sene tanı sayısı %8 artmaktadır.
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This publication presents the proceedings of the 30th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at American University, in Washington DC, USA, on October23-24, 2022.
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Self-regulation, is one of the key human abilities. At its core are beliefs about whether people perceive themselves as autonomous and competent beings, whether they take responsibility for their behavior, what goals they choose, how they achieve them, how they plan and organize their activities, how they make decisions, and what emotions they experience in doing so. This book provides a perspective on self-regulation as a protective factor for risk behaviors in adolescence. The issue of risk behavior in adolescents is still an open and lively topic in terms of the changing dominance of its forms, which reflect the evolution of society. Our research aims to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of selected phenomena. We believe that the book will bring a closer understanding of the issue and valuable information not only for practitioners, prevention methodologists, psychologists, but also for teachers and parents who are in daily contact with adolescents.
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