CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Policy Tracker: Key Challenges for Energy Efficiency Policies in the Domestic Sector

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Bulgarian economy is by far the most energy intensive in Europe and it is highly dependent on other countries for its energy and therefore the economy - and in turn individual households are vulnerable to price changes. A quarter of energy consumed in Bulgaria is used in the residential sector. Actively reducing the energy consumed by end users will be the fastest and most cost-effective method of making further energy savings, and also has related benefits such as lowered reliance on energy imports and lower fuel bills for consumers and businesses.

More...

The Level of Transparency of Oil and Gas Transit Operations through Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey and Ukrainе

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report assesses the level of transparency in the transit of hydrocarbons and the outstanding issues with the access to information related to the transit of oil and gas in Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Ukraine. The report is a result of a regional joint initiative for “Promoting Transparency in the Transit of Hydrocarbons through Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, and Ukraine” by the Center for the Study of Democracy and the Revenue Watch Institute (New York), which started in 2011. It enables the first of its kind assessment of the hydrocarbon transit environment in these countries and exposes the serious information gaps related to the processes of transiting oil and gas in the region.

More...

The Energy Sector in Bulgaria: Major Governance Issues

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report analyses the major governance issues of the energy sector in Bulgaria, as well as the common energy crimes. It makes an overview of the 2020 Strategy and presents a recommended governance approach. The Bulgarian energy sector is key for the future development of the country’s economy. For the past decade energy exports and imports formed on average 12% (16% in 2008) and 21% (22% in 2008) of the value of the country’s outgoing and incoming trade flows respectively. Every fourth public procurement contract is concluded in the energy sector, making it one of the biggest taxpayers’ money spenders in the country. In 2008, in a single year, the Bulgarian government committed to energy projects, requiring budgetary investments equal in value to the whole EU funds support for the country for the current European seven year budget period 2007 – 2013.

More...

Corruption Trends and Anti-Corruption in Bulgaria 1998 – 2006

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This publication is devoted to the trends in corruption and anti-corruption policy during the period 1998-2006. Corruption in the forms it appears in present day Bulgarian society is a new phenomenon closely associated with the specific forms of transition in the period after 1990. The Bulgarian public identifies corruption as a negative phenomenon. However, Bulgarian society has been largely unprepared to properly identify corruption risks appearing in different social sectors. More importantly, it has not been prepared to effectively deal with corruption as a problem of governance at all levels. Governments have, in the period after 1990, constantly lagged behind the shifting balance between the public and the private spheres. The increased corruption risk associated with this shifting balance has found all governments of the country in shortage of proper mechanisms, rules, legislation and institutions to cope with existing and emerging forms of corruption and bad governance.

More...

Nature and Main Trends in the Development of New Agricultural Cooperatives in Bulgaria

Author(s): Ivan Angelov / Language(s): English

The cooperative forms of business and social activity are deeply rooted in the traditions of the economic development of Bulgaria. The Bulgarian cooperatives were established as a form of management more than one hundred years ago, shortly after the liberation from the Turks. The first cooperative was formed in 1890 in the village of Mirnovo, Pirdop region. Its name, "Plough", reflects the primitive technical level of agriculture at that time when the wooden plough was the predominant agricultural tool. The number and the types of cooperatives (credit, consumer, agricultural, production, tobacco, silk-worm, forest, dairy, etc.) increased rapidly. In 1909 the number of the cooperatives and associations totaled 492, in 1927 they were 2 852, while in 1941 they went up to 4 476, 1 116 of which were production cooperatives. In 1907 the First General Union of the agricultural cooperatives was founded. During this period the growing number of cooperatives followed the downward trend of the average farm area: 63 dca in 1910, 57 dca in 1926, 49 dca in 1934, 42 dca in 1946. Even at that time the cooperative aimed at more efficient use of the cultivated land through its amalgamation.

More...