From War to War - The adolescence of brothers Ctirad and Josef Mašín in recollections and photographs

Author(s): Petr Blažek,Jaroslav Čvančara / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2013 it was 60 years since the torturous journey of the Mašín brothers and their friends to West Berlin, which had been preceded by armed resistance operations. In this paper we would like to explore that preceding period, when the youths were coming of age. Somewhat overshadowed by those events, it nevertheless formed their values, opinions and attitudes.

Jeden z porazených. Šľachta na Slovensku po roku 1918

Author(s): Roman Holec / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic aristocracy became one of the social classes that lost their political and economic influence. Behaviour of its members in the Slovak circumstances can be described by six model cases: escape and taking part in irredentism, fall between poor, social withdrawal, social openness and adaptation to the new regime, identification and service for the new regime and, finally, return after the initial escape. However, the idea of monarchism had a longer life then aristocracy itself. It was a alternative to the development of state for another 20 years.

Úvod

Author(s): Tünde Lengyelová,Géza Pálffy / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Dejiny ranonovovekých šľachtických rodov nepatrili v druhej polovici 20. storočia na území Strednej Európy – snáď s výnimkou Rakúska – k obľúbeným či podporovaným výskumným témam. V Maďarsku, na Slovensku, v Rakúsku, Chorvátsku či Rumunsku zachované archívy aristokratických rodov, ktoré zohrávali v živote Uhorského kráľovstva v 16.-18. storočí často rozhodujúcu úlohu, tak pred pádom železnej opony ani slovenskí, ani maďarskí historici nepodrobili systematickému výskumu. Zatiaľ čo od druhej polovice 19. storočia v priebehu takmer celého storočia bolo vydaných množstvo základných pramenných edícií a monografi í, vzťahujúcich sa na najdôležitejšie rody a ich predstaviteľov, od konca 40. rokov 20. storočia počas viac než troch desaťročí venovali aristokracii pozornosť takmer výlučne len historici hospodárskych dejín. Od polovice 80. rokov sa ľady pomaly prelomili a vzniklo niekoľko zásadných monografi í, zborníkov, výstavných katalógov či pramenných edícií. O jednotlivých osobnostiach (napríklad Alžbete Báthoryovej, Adamovi I. Batthyányovi, palatínoch Mikulášovi a Pavlovi Esterházyovcoch, Valentínovi Törökovi, Jurajovi a Mikulášovi Zrínyiovcoch, Tomášovi a Františkovi Nádasdyovcoch či Jurajovi Thurzovi) boli napísané obsiahlejšie monografi e v maďarskom, slovenskom, chorvátskom či nemeckom jazyku. Zaoberali sa v prvom rade dvorským životom aristokracie, ich mecénstvom, sobášnymi stratégiami, odievaním, stravovacími zvykmi či kniž- nou kultúrou, resp. peregrináciami.

Zadowolenie z życia a zaufanie do ludzi w Polsce i w różnych regionach Europy

Author(s): Kamil Henne,Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania,Krystyna Skarżyńska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Świadomość ekologiczna polskiego społeczeństwa

Author(s): Michał Szostek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Haiti: repere istorice, sociale și politice

Author(s): Ștefan-Iaroslav Daniel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In most bibliographical references, both Anglophone and Francophone, the “birth of Hispaniola” dates back to its discovery by Cristopher Columbus. The pre-Columbian stage is much less discussed and the documentary material dedicated to it is significantly less substantial. In an attempt organize the disparate and sometimes contradictory information provided by some bibliographic sources, we have consulted several chronologies and various historiographical references that show the socio-political evolution of the whole island of Saint-Domingue. Aside from drawing a historical image of Haiti as close to reality as possible, I have considered that it would only be possible to sketch a substantiated picture of the socio-cultural, political and economic situation of this inscribed state (with a spectacular vocation for failure, on a downward spiral of generalized corruption, social chaos and overturned values and of an inexplicable rejection of any real chance for betterment) by exploring its past and identifying the mechanisms through which the “Haiti phenomenon” took place.

Еволюция на организационно-структурните модели в управлението

Author(s): Kristian Hadjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report's objects of analysis is the traditional (classical or hybrid) organizational structures.The report’s objects of analysis is the traditional (classical and hybrid) organizational structures. The focus is on the evolution and transformation of organizational models in a high uncertainty environment.The functional, the divisional, the design-matrix structures and the new network organizational forms has been explored. The conclusion is that in a turbulent VUCA environment andconstant pressure for change it is impossible to achieve a competitive advantage in a static organizational structure. The main characteristics, respectively the strengths and weaknesses of the functional, the divisional, the matrix and the network structure, are analyzed based on seven key criteria – the efficiency, adaptability, timeliness, reliability, accountability, adequate external environment and strategy. The research models synthesize different solutions applied in social practice. The organizational form does not guarantee high results at any cost, but it is a necessary means to ensure the realization of strategic corporate goals, to shape cultural attitudes, the motivation process, the rational use of resources, and the adequacy of change. The main thesis of the author is that in terms of specific research and applications of the organizational structure, there are processes of evolution of concepts and a reassessment of common accepted truths and accumulated knowledge.

Промени в използването на властта и следствия за съвременните управленски практики

Author(s): Alexander Pozharliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the resolving of power issues in organizations through the prism of dilemma regarding hierarchy or empowerment. The empowerment is discussed in the context of managing increasingly sophisticated social systems, oriented towards innovation and creativity. Organizations with significant changes in the role of management or even without management are discussed as well as modern management practices for „agile“ management with multiple sources of power and work in self-organizing teams. Power issues are also addressed in the context of natural forms of inequality in teams. A conclusion is made that since the 1980s, there has been talk of decreasing and even the disappearance of management hierarchies, but thirty years later, there is no reason to conclude that this has occurred. Rather, questions are asked about how traditional management hierarchies can be transformed into accountable management leadership based on principles that are suited to the dynamics of modern society.

Внедряване на пилотен модел за младежка трудова интеграция

Author(s): Tatyana Daskalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The integration of young people into the labor market is oneof the most serious problems of the modern society. Their inclusion insocial and economic life is essential for a number of strategies and programmesat European and national level. A transition from pan-Europeanto regional priorities is the creation, for the first time in our state,of specialized regional plans for prevention and reduction of youth unemploymentthrough cooperation and joint actions of the stakeholders.

Причини и възможности за преодоляване на проблема с младежката безработица в България

Author(s): Tatyana Kicheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Against the backdrop of the aging population of working age in Bulgaria and Europe, the problem of youth unemployment is becoming more and more serious. More and more young people find it difficult to make the transition from education to work. Job requirements and attitudes among youngsters up to 29 years of age prevent them from finding a job. The report will analyze data on youth unemployment in Bulgaria between 2014–2016 and the reasons for the low employment rates among young people. The prospects for tackling the problem will also be outlined.

Екзогенни фактори, детерминиращи рисковете пред системата за социална защита

Author(s): Ivanka Daneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The main exogenous factors that underlie the systematic risks to the systems of social protection of the population in modern countries are discussed. The coverage of these objective factors in the social security mechanisms predetermines the trends in their revision.

Annual Report: Serbia 2008 - Human Rights, Democracy and – Violence

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The trend of institutional disintegration continued in 2008 in parallel with economic standstill, all of which negatively affected citizens’ mood. The pro-European coalition that won the spring 2008 election failed to meet their expectations as it was not politically courageous enough to make a breakthrough in fundamental reforms. In the meantime Serbia, like all other countries in the region, entered recession. The global economic crisis will only aggravate Serbia’s recession caused by domestic crisis. Eight years after Milošević’s ouster it turned out that Serbia had failed to get transformed – for, its elites have basically remained the same and it has not distanced itself from Milošević’s program. The national program has not been defeated yet: its ideology still enjoys strong support from a part of the Serb elite. This is about the elite that had inspired the Memorandum of the Serb Academy of Arts and Sciences and created the program itself. The ICTY has never examined the part academicians, the Serb Orthodox Church, the Writers’ Association, journalists and cultural elite from this circle played in the Greater Serbia project. Their role has not been morally condemned either in Serbia or beyond it. So their activity in the post-Milošević era remained the same. They are still dictating a cultural matrix and “moral” values for the society as a whole. And this is what mainly obstructs establishment of a moral vertical without which the Serbian society can hardly recuperate. In addition, territorial aspirations are still present, which is best mirrored in the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina, i.e. Republika Srpska.

Industry 4.0. Germany’s New Industrial Policy

Author(s): Konrad Popławski,Rafał Bajczuk / Language(s): English

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterised by the extensive use of the internet and the computerisation & roboticisation of all spheres of the economy. Its symbols today are smartphones and electric cars, but in the near future we will witness the creation and use of smart cities, smart electrical grids and smart factories. Today’s industry is changing at an unprecedented rate. The earlier industrial revolutions, i.e. periods of fundamental changes in the modes of production and communication, proceeded at a much slower pace than those we are observing today. The first industrial revolution utilised coal and steam to mechanise production and transport. The second disseminated the means of mass production by the use of electricity and the internal combustion engine. The third, digital revolution, which began in the middle of the last century, automated industrial production and globalised communication. The German economy, which reached a very high level of sophistication in the industries of the first and second industrial revolutions – in heavy industry, electronics and the automotive branch – did not benefit so greatly from the digital revolution.

Narracje o miastach podzielonych w Europie Środkowej: Słubice i Frankfurt nad Odrą oraz Cieszyn i Czeski Cieszyn

Author(s): Elżbieta Opiłowska,Kamila Dolińska,Justyna Kajta,Julita Makaro,Natalia Niedźwiecka-Iwańczak / Language(s): Polish

Zarówno jakość danych, jak i rzetelność analityczna przyczyniają się do tego, że publikacja niniejsza ukazuje zniuansowany obraz życia miast podzielonych. Rodzą się w nich obrazy tożsamościowe budowane w oparciu o różnorodne reguły bliskości i odległości społecznej oraz terytorialnej, podobieństwa i różnice warunków życiowych oraz kulturowych, doświadczanych w bezpośrednim terytorialnym sąsiedztwie.dr hab. Dariusz Wojakowski, prof. AGH Książka ma w założeniach charakter interdyscyplinarny, jak zresztą cała tradycja współczesnych badań nad granicami i pograniczami. Jej głównym celem jest zaprezentowanie „bitwy narracyjnej" toczącej się w ramach dwumiast, a więc różnego rodzaju narracji i imaginacji, za pośrednictwem których konstruowana jest tożsamość tych miast w świadomości ich mieszkanek i mieszkańców. Istotnym elementem jest zwrócenie uwagi na niespójność między spotykanymi w badanych lokalizacjach deklaracjami ideowymi a życiem codziennym. dr Łukasz Rogowski, UAM

Geografie bariér: Příklady dobrých bezbariérových realizací

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of texts that are interested in making space, services, and information accessible. Thus, the collection is primarily about barriers, their nature, localization, and possible effects. Under barriers, most people imagine material barriers for wheelchair users in the form of steps or sidewalk curbs. Only a few would think that barriers can be represented by loosely placed rugs, unfit lighting, large glass surface, a doorbell without visual output, unwanted attention, frequent asking and offering help, lack of language knowledge, pity, etc. Thus, the book broadens awareness of what can be considered a barrier. The texts are divided into three parts – theoretical, methodic, and empirical – and their arrangement follows the logic of thematic focusing from the most general to the most concrete types of barriers. While the theoretical part places the policies of accessibility into the wider context of scientific disciplines and their development – such as disability studies, disability geography or service design, the methodic part discusses the introduction of accessibility policies in the city of Brno, describing how it tried to make its space, services, and information more accessible. Finally, the empirical part offers 18 examples of relatively good barrier-free implementations that have been recently realized in Brno. This division reflects an effort to target several groups of readers. The first part thus addresses mainly students interested in accessibility issues, the second, methodic part is intended for politicians and municipalities searching for inspiration to implement their own accessibility measures and policies. The last part stating concrete examples of good barrier-free implementations is aimed at general public, at people who like to think about a whole range of topics related to accessibility of space, services, and information.

Changes in social awareness on both sides of the border. Poland – the Czech Republic. Sociological reflections

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Poles and Czechs have been neighbours for centuries. We both speak Western Slavic languages and shave similar Slavic origins. Moreover, history often condemned us to a common fate, such as the submission of Bohemia, Moravia, and also a part of Silesia, to the Habsburg Monarchy. e both nation states have much in common as well as differ in many respects. ey underwent modernization, nationalization, experienced the period of socialism, and finally found themselves in a whirlwind of globalization and a new social reality. Common membership in the Communist Bloc, and then the systemic transformation, maintained the analogous fates of the both nations, which are imprinted on the consciousness of their societies. At the same time, historical differences also occurred, such as between the accomplishments of Jan Hus and the Counter-Reformation in Poland. e result is different approaches of Poles and Czechs to religion. e period of systemic transformation, opening to the outside world and the processes of globalization have caused an influx of new trends, styles and the Western values. It concerns the inhabitants of the both countries, especially the younger generation. e period in qestion allowed them to explore their identity, particularly in terms of ethnicity and religion. Such processes occurred in both the Polish and the Czech communities.

Траектории на социалното развитие

Author(s): Evgenia Penkova,Ralitsa Veleva,Ivaylo Iliev,Violeta Toncheva-Zlatkova,Kalin Boyanov,Daniela Petkova Krasteva,Zlatina Shotarova,Denitsa Gorchilova,Evgeniya Delcheva,Krasimira S. Valcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The idea of writing this book is spurred by the discernible lacunae within the scholarly and pedagogical Bulgarian literature concerning the domain of social development. The intricate and multifaceted essence of social activities warrants examination from varied perspectives. Studies concurrently addressing the overarching essential characteristics, economic and societal significance, while delineating their specificities and corresponding managerial mechanisms and instruments, are scarce. It is precisely such an approach that is embraced in the present inquiry, wherein the unifying thread among indisputably heterogeneous activities (commodities and services) in healthcare, social services, and education is sought in the direction of their ultimate function – the enhancement of individual and collective welfare. The delineated issues are structured into two parts. The first part, at a theoretical level, delves into the general managerial challenges pertinent to social development, intertwined with their specific peculiarities: managerial approaches and instruments, mechanisms and instruments of financial management, and human resource management. It amalgamates the possibilities for the implementation of innovations for social development. The second part of the book applies a sectoral approach to the examined issues, focusing on spaces for social development. Emphasis is placed on the services provided by the sectors of social protection, healthcare, and education. The logic of exposition in this section is against the backdrop of sector-specific managerial approaches aiming to delineate the parameters of applied models and trends in the development of the respective sector. Questions of exceptional relevance to social practice, not only within Bulgaria but also on an international scale, are examined, such as: social networks and public value management; civic engagement, policies for retaining specialists, and others.

Lucrările conferinţei de cercetare în construcţii, economia construcţiilor, urbanism şi amenajarea teritoriului

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian

Includes full papers presented in the research conference on constructions, economy of constructions, architecture, urbanism and territorial development.

Проактивни публични политики за намаляване на бедността

Author(s): Ralitsa Veleva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The scope of research in this work is at the intersection of proactive public policies and poverty. These two phenomena co-exist in a mutually defining contradiction and active development. This challenge sparked my interest in exploring the ways through which states can deliberately improve the conditions of their citizens in both the short and long term. "Poverty" is a category commonly used in daily life as a synonym for hidden deprivation. Perceived primarily as a personal problem, it remains a constant focus of inevitable public interest. In colloquial language, linking existence with "poverty" naturally evokes associations with destitution, scarcity, indigence, and so on, almost always unconsciously connected to its antonym, well-being. This monograph is an attempt to investigate poverty as a social phenomenon within the context of a set of effective tools for its potential gradual reduction, examining it as past experience, present challenges, and future prognosis. Its "eradication" remains but a faint hope. This book results from years of efforts to decipher the mechanism of understanding the functioning of public policies within the context of the factor-determined nature of poverty. We have invested faith in these policies, emphasizing their recognition and role in the development of education (the bidirectional relationship between the two phenomena) to enhance human capital as an anti-poverty factor. Later, our analyses extended to the complex "poverty-health" relationship, including the link between public health expenditures and life expectancy, framed through the concept of "health poverty." At that stage, the state of poverty in the EU member states was fragmentarily addressed, with a focus primarily on Bulgarian theory and practice. These aspectual studies form the emotional foundation of the present work, placing at its core the examination of state interventions in the EU and their potential to ensure a better life for the population in each member state. Having established the strong correlation between the level of completed education (or the lack thereof) and poverty, and how people's health follows the trajectory of their economic and social status, we proceeded to a thorough theoretical analysis of this complex phenomenon in the context of public administration development in the current century. All these inquiries directed our attention to public policies as an instrument for societal governance in modern democracies, including the development of a mechanism to measure the bidirectional relationship "proactive policies-poverty" (based on extensive and in-depth circumstantial evidence), which forms the basis for generating contemporary measures to regulate levels of deprivation in EU countries. In this process, the key characteristic of these policies emerged: their forward-looking perspective, which provoked the use of proactivity as a protagonist in the study. The title of the book contains two focal points: "proactive public policies" (means) and "poverty reduction" (end). These two centers are mutually determined. The increase in poverty requires the formation of proactive policies, whose implementation reduces the intensity of the observed scarcity. The driving forces of poverty management relationships are the integrated potential of state, business and civil organisations, along with the regulatory significance of community bodies. The study is organized into three chapters. The first chapter argues the necessity and possibilities for effective public administration through the application of proactive public policies. The second chapter presents the essential characteristics of poverty, its integration into international analyses, and the attempt to propose a comprehensive indicator framework by understanding the picture that illustrates the state and problems of poverty in EU countries. The third chapter views poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon that affects the choice of socioeconomic action alternatives. Measures for its possible reduction are proposed within the context of feasible political interventions. The conclusion of the study does not contain direct primary findings from the exposition, but through dialogical summaries, it models the diverse palette of the connection between poverty and key proactive factors and expected results. The aim of the research is to present and interpret the necessary "requisites" for the development and implementation of a comprehensive proactive policy for poverty reduction based on the accumulated achievements in this direction by EU countries. The adopted logic of presentation and analysis techniques, though addressing the specific problem of poverty/proactive policies, is applicable to solving other socioeconomic challenges faced by contemporary societies. The methodology of the study is based on the combination of a system approach with positive and normative analysis. The theoretical views on "proactive public policies" and the conceptual coherence between inequality and poverty are based on the analysis of literary sources and document research (desk analysis). In the second and third chapters, a comparative empirical approach is used in combination with the analysis and synthesis of existing best practices. The study contains current empirical material, distinguished by the structured presentation of arguments and tools for the formation and impact of public policies. Evidence is supported by correlation analysis, which evaluates the strength and direction of poverty dependence and its influence on long-term interventions. The study's limitations concern the period from 2011 to 2021/2022, and the observed countries are EU member states. Without bias towards any of them, Bulgaria and Romania are often subject of additional analyses due to their unfavourable position concerning public management of poverty.

Náročné, krizové a mimořádné situace v kontextu rezidenčních služeb. Umírání, doprovázení a smrt uživatelů se zdravotním postižením

Author(s): Jan Chrastina,Naděžda Špatenková,Bianka Hudcová / Language(s): Czech

The publication has been produced primarily to ""open up selected topics"" related to the management of challenging, crisis and emergency situations by residential service workers, as they should be competent to respond and act effectively. In these situations, workers may face a sense of their own unpreparedness, which may stem not only from their personality, but also from their previous experience, knowledge and practical skills. Through the results and findings, the publication offers insights into what workers in residential service settings consider to be a challenging, crisis and/or emergency situation and event. The authors of the publication highlight (in the context of staff preparedness) situations related to dying and death of one or more residential service users.