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MODERN METHODS TO INCREASE RESILIENCE IN SECURITY

Author(s): Răzvan Grigoraş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Some new world-wide events of the last few years demonstrated us that the ability to anticipate and to respond to security changes is a compulsory asset for a state. The Syrian problem, the Brexit, the Crimean problem, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) negotiations – are only few examples of applied lack of anticipation in the field of security. Clearly, the so-called "security resilience nexus" became a milestone in achieving maturity in security planning. The frailty of the systems and the impact of the unpredictable emergence of security certified the importance one should pay to "resilience awareness". Cultivating awareness appears to be a tailored solution for some common positions in defence. Therefore, increasing applied resilience in security with the help of future studies represents a real alternative for the security planners when keeping in mind the nowadays state of art. In the array of the anticipative methods – scenario planning, future wheel method and the cross-impact analysis achieve notable results. Those methods flourish, in our opinion, on the foundation of the "wild cards" detection and of the "weak signs" discovery. Hence, the article builds up a nexus between security planning, resilience and future studies. One concludes that resilience awareness plays a key role for a state in preparing and responding to sudden disrupts and changes.

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TRANSFERENCE OF MEANING FROM ANALYST TO POLICY MAKER IN INTELLIGENCE

Author(s): Antonio Marius Rebegea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This paper focuses on the significance of negotiating the meaning in the communication between analyst and decision maker. In other words, although the analyst and the decision maker use the same language, we need to make sure that the output of the communication process actually returns to the input provided, by mediating the effective conveyance of meaning. Whereas words and conventions are universal, in the sense that they are shared by the members of the same linguistic community, meaning is a product of individual neuro-psychophysiology. The meaning of the message we convey is reflected by the answer we get, which reveals the interlocutor’s understanding of our words, and that may have everything or nothing to do with our intentions. If we do not negotiate the meaning of the input we supply, we cannot control the output thereof, and therefore the message could be valid for the disclosing party alone. In order to communicate efficiently, we need to adhere to a set of concepts and values governing our interlocutor’s outlook, and to be able to adapt the substance of our message by reference to the output we expect. In intelligence analysis, information is directly related to the recipient and his representations. The recipient’s singularity entails the unique and contextual nature of the information.

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CYBERSECURITY. RISKS, THREATS, AND TRENDS OF MANIFESTATION IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Ileana-Cinziana Surdu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Over the past three decades, the internet has become a vital engine of contemporary life. In addition, a nation’s electronic systems are seen as being part of its critical infrastructure, firstly because its malfunction implies a series of dangers in all societal aspects, and secondly because modern life is impossible if it’s not “connected”. While the need for cyber-security has emerged with the development of the first military computer networks during the later part of the Cold War, the implications of security incidents in cyber-infrastructure have multiplied exponentially since. Thus, the security of individuals and of cyber networks gained political significance in relation to the state, to the society, to the nation and to the economy. Given that the cybernetic infrastructure intersects with the financial, transportation, energy and national security infrastructures, Romania has been increasingly confronting cyber-threats, the citizens, the nation as a whole, and also the business and the governmental environments being affected. The paper analyses the reflection of the concept of “cybersecurity” in strategic documents and in the European legislation, as well as the trends of causes of cyber-insecurity at the level of the state and the individual, focusing on the situation in Romania. The analysis aims to track and describe the threats, the risks, the vulnerabilities, as well as their manifestation and the policies developed and implemented in order to ensure cybersecurity in Romania.

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CULTURAL LENS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

Author(s): Ella Magdalena Ciupercă,Victor Adrian VEVERA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The modern diversification of nowadays risks and threats has led to an expansion of the significance of the concept of national security which is including today elements from the economic, social, technological fields. The importance of critical infrastructure issues was originally discussed by the United States that included it among national security issues as early as the ‘90s. This good practice was soon generalized worldwide, with each state being concerned about developing its own strategy to protect critical national infrastructures and about participating in the optimal operation of transnational ones. However, the mere reading of the legislative texts devoted to critical infrastructures reveals some significant differences between states in the way of approaching this issue. In this study, we propose to conduct a comparative analysis of the critical infrastructure protection strategies of the United States, Germany, Australia, Japan and Romania, having as a filter the model of cultural dimensions proposed by Geert Hofstede (1981). From this perspective, we will try to highlight how the dimensions of cultural software has shaped the way this issue is addressed. We will also analyze the extent to which these differences are elements that facilitate or endanger the protection of critical infrastructure at national and international level.

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CIMIC TASKS DURING THE ROMANIAN AIR POLICING MISSION IN THE BALTIC STATES. “BALTICA 07”

Author(s): Cosmina-Oana Roman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This paper is aimed at analyzing the concrete aspects of the human interactions generated by the presence of the Romanian military in the Air Force in missions outside the national territory. Thus, the intention is to investigate empirically the real CIMIC-related problems, faced by the Romanian Air Force in carrying out missions outside the national territory. I have chosen for this short study one of the Air Force missions carried out by the Romanian Air Force troops in 2007 on the territory of the Baltic States, namely “Baltica 07”. Therefore, I investigated problems and the way they were solved by the Romanian military personnel. The research allowed and led to pertinent conclusions regarding the importance of CIMIC operations in support of Air Force missions accomplishment that were performed outside the national territory.

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THE (DIS-/)INTEGRATION OF THE EU’S RAPID RESPONSE CAPABILITIES: THE CASE OF THE EU BATTLEGROUPS

Author(s): Adrian-Vasile POPA,Teodoru ŞTEFAN / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The post-Cold War circumstances challenged Europe in terms of security and defence. The European states realised that they had to share the responsibility for global security in order to ensure their own integrity. In other words, a common strategic culture was sought to be developed as an expression of an articulated intercultural communication aimed to act as a binding element between the EU member states formerly belonging to the Eastern and Western Blocs. The EU’s rapid response capabilities in general and the EU battlegroups in particular were chosen as the best answer to this strategic demand. Despite the EU battlegroups being considered the cornerstone of European ‘expertise’ in terms of crises management operations, this rapid response capability proved to be a disillusion. For a better understanding of the current status of the EU battlegroups concept, this paper is going to assess its feasibility. Special considerations will be offered regarding its itinerary, the strategic and operational challenges that this concept is facing and, not ultimately, regarding its prospects.

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THE STRATEGIC PLACE AND ROLE OF INTEGRITY AMONG GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Author(s): Aura Codreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

One of the capstone concepts within NATO nowadays is integrity. Along with accountability and transparency it plays a major role in driving reform in the defense sector. However, these principles characteristic of (good) governance are not the only ones employed in reviewing and transforming public administration in democratic countries. Consequently, the goal of this article is to overview the governance framework as described by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the European Union, the World Bank (WB) and NATO in order to identify the place and role of integrity among the key principles and values that drive the development and strengthening of democracy in the public realm in developing countries. Based on the findings, the article proposes a framework that allows building integrity initiatives to be approached from a strategic perspective.

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STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. A MILESTONE FOR INTEGRITY BUILDING IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Author(s): Aura Codreanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Public administration is more often than not a much coveted haven that provides safe and secure jobs along with long life employment especially in countries where reform in the field has not been yet undertaken or where it has failed to produce envisaged outcomes. In such cases, bureaucracy and underfunding are the most common malaises impacting the field and generating integrity issues such as nepotism, cronyism, and misappropriation of funds, to mention just few. Additionally, even in countries where reforms have been undertaken and reported successful such as UK and USA, the business oriented approach to public administration in its turn was found to be afflicted by undesirable effects such as difficulties with internal effort coordination and cohesion, as well as “a weakened public ethos within government” (Gerhard Hammerschmid et.al: 2016, 2). The premise underlying this article is that streamlining public bureaucracy and building integrity based frameworks require a strategic management approach at organization level. Consequently, among other initiatives in this respect, strategic human resource management approached from the perspective of governance principles and values may contribute to the transformation of public administration transformation, and hence to allowing efforts in this field to truly become means to ends and not just an end in itself.

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CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN RISK PERCEPTION AND RISK COMMUNICATION. A CASE STUDY ON THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Author(s): Delia Pop-Flanja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse cultural differences in attitudes towards perceived risk, during public health emergencies. In order for risk communication to be effective and to properly address people’s expectations and fears, political, social and economic factors should be taken into consideration. Moreover, since we consider cultural backgrounds to highly influence communication strategies, the main research questions of this paper are: to what extent cultural dimensions, such as high and low uncertainty avoidance or power distance, are visible in risk communication, and how the message is conveyed in cases of public health emergencies. The focus is on the discourse of state representatives or public institutions, such as ministries of health, in the context of the recent COVID-19 outbreak.

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NEW DIMENSIONS TO SECURITY INSIDE THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT GLOBAL CHALLENGES

Author(s): Vlad Dumitrache,Brîndușa Maria Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The European Union concept has evolved over the years from an economical platform for European countries, to that of a social and political structure. With new borders in the Western Balkans and with evolving challenges and threats in the form of inter-dependency, illegal immigration or pandemic outbreaks the EU has adopted unprecedented security policies. It is the aim of this paper to present current and future solution that the EU has to implement in terms of security in order to maintain its current status as a multidimensional structure that integrates 27 European Countries while playing a global role in major fields like economy, security and geo-politics. For this paper we have opted to use the descriptive method, trying to analyze data from European documentation (treaties, policies) and by doing so understanding what are the ways ahead, that the EU wants to follow in terms of security and defense.

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ETHICS AND MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL SECURITY

Author(s): Claudia GOGOAȘĂ LASCATEU,Cristian Barna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Intelligence activities are a necessary and valuable tool for all nations, and it is important to succeed in achieving a comprehensive and coherent understanding of ethics role in the state interest and how leadership supports this role. The core of the debate on the ethics of the intelligence activity is in maintaining the balance between the good of the citizens - guaranteed through national security – and the protection of individual free will - ensuring individual safety and human rights. That is because, in times of national crisis, citizens are required to give up some of their rights and freedoms in exchange of personal safety or of the community they are part of. That is why the connection between ethics and intelligence is important, especially in the national security system. The devotion of intelligence officers to the country and their leaders have an undeniable role in preserving security of a nation. The intelligence community plays an important role in establishing the values that will govern the way the organization will be perceived, guaranteeing legitimacy in front of citizens. Therefore, the aim of the study is to address the importance of placing ethics in intelligence activities where the role of leadership in national security sector is a determinant of organizational ethics. From the decision-making level, the focus is on respecting the principles of the rule of law while prioritizing the implementation of sustainable action plans in fulfilling the mission of national security but respecting the universal values of human rights.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUST AND SHARING THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN MULTINATIONAL MILITARY COALITIONS

Author(s): Rita Palaghia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The trust” has multiple links and is relatively easier to be built in peacetime, among soldiers belonging to different nationalities, through the polyvalent knowledge and extended common use. The conclusions of my research, conducted in the theatre of operation from Afghanistan, regarding of this subject are double. First conclusion is that the xeno-cultural images are very resistant to change and seems to be cultural constant values. The values and the images that are part of the cultural nucleus of a nation are remaining stable, with changes happening gradually. The second conclusion is that attitudes towards other different cultures are exposed to changing. In wartime, in extended stress conditions, the trust is eroding or strengthens depending on the common values, the forming process to become soldiers, a common history, organizational policies, etc. The distrust is generating frictions, separation; share the area of responsibilities and lowering the level of interoperability in a coalition.

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TRANSLATE CULTURAL HARMONIZATION AND KNOWLEDGE MODELS USED IN MILITARY TRAINING AND OPERATIONS

Author(s): Rita Palaghia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The concern of the advanced armies related to the development of the cultural and linguistic capabilities that are allowing the soldiers to operate into multicultural context, is active and adapted to the realities of the theatre of operations and of the hybrid warfare. The development of the capabilities is imposing testing, training, education and opportunities to for those to be put into practice. Thus, there have been created evaluation instruments of the cultural abilities, in order to see the progress into the learning, education and cultural harmonization process. Each model is offering a path of socio-cultural knowledge. The new model „The linear knowledge and harmonization model of the cultural interaction” developed in the theatre of operation is helping to determine the cultural differences in the specific multinational military environment and can be used into the education process during both peacetime and wartime.

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VARIABLES OF STEM CAREER OF WOMEN IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Ella Magdalena Ciupercă,Alexandru Stanciu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Participation in the multicultural conference of TECIS 2019 in Sozopol, Bulgaria, brought to the forefront of the participants' discussions a topic at the same time important and paradoxical for the 21st century: the marginalization of women in the fields of STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). To discuss the topic, an ad hoc TECIS Inclusion and Diversity Working Group was set up, with 23 researchers from over 10 countries. The details provided by the participants regarding the situation in the country of origin have entrusted the researchers that this phenomenon is a versatile and extremely complex one. And yet, the difficulties encountered by women represented a common denominator; that is why the identification of the causes that led to the perpetuation of such traditionalist conditions in fields of accelerated modernization of society became a priority. In order to achieve the main objective of the Working Group, which is to work on building community and peer support, the first necessary and important step is to understand the current status of STEM in each country. To complete this stage, in this paper, we will perform a secondary analysis of the available statistical data for Romania to identify Romanian cultural specific in the field of participation of women in STEM education and STEM labor force. Further, we will develop a series of hypotheses that will underpin future studies.

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A REVIEW OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR THE CYBERSECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES

Author(s): Alexandru Stanciu,Vladimir FLORIAN,Ella Magdalena Ciupercă,Carmen Elena Cîrnu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

An essential component of the National security consists of the protection of its critical infrastructures (CIs), whether they are physical or virtual, as any disruption of their services could have a serious impact on economic well-being, public health or safety, or any combination of these. Any shutdown or delay may determine financial losses and major risks to people and the environment. All modern CIs are controlled by Industrial Control Systems (ICS) being dependent on their correct and continuous undisturbed functioning. Modern ICSs are inherently much less secure and exposed to the majority of cyber-attacks that are becoming more advanced and sophisticated. Consequently, efficient tools for the protection of hardware and software components of ICSs are required. One such class consists of intrusion prevention and detection systems (IPDS). Contemporary IPDSs use machine learning algorithms to detect threats manifested as anomalous behavior of a particular system. To provide robust detection systems with sufficient layers of protection, these must be combined with other methods and extensively tested with good datasets and using appropriate testbeds. Recent research suggests that conventional intrusion detection approaches are unable to cope with the complexity and ever-changing nature of industrial intrusion attacks. Moreover, deep learning methods are achieving state-of-the-art results across a range of difficult problem domains. The objective of our paper is to identify and discuss machine learning-based intrusion detection and protection methods and their implementation in industrial control intrusion detection systems, able to contribute to ensuring national security.

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The role of procurement procedures in environmental management: A case study of classified hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya

Author(s): Jane Akinyi Odeny,Shem Maingi,Joseph Kurauka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper sought to examine the role of procurement procedures on environmental management. It adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design that involved collecting and analyzing data of observations about the role of procurement practices on environmental management from a representative sample of managerial staff of classified hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya. The data collected was primary data. It was collected from staff in 69 hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya. The research used stratified random sampling technique where the employees were categorised into seven strata of general/assistant managers, food and beverage managers, executive chef, procurement officers, maintenance managers, receiving managers and housekeepers. From each of the stratum, a random sample was identified. The study employed Yamane’s formula to determine the sample size. The study determined that procurement procedures influenced environmental management. The study also determined that some of the procurement procedures were perceived to have a greater influence than others. The most influential procurement procedure on environmental management is tendering adverts that attract suppliers offering environmentally friendly products, while the least influential is assessing the impact of suppliers on the environment prior to purchasing.

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Continuity or Change? Leaders’ Values in the Baltic Countries over Time

Author(s): Aurelija Stelmokienė,Karina Kravčenko / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2020

Both scientists and practitioners acknowledge leadership as a key predictor of success in organizations. Leaders’ values could be a significant criterion for the analysis of changes in leadership recently. This study aims to investigate changes in leaders’ values over time among Baltic countries. The results of the European Social Survey (ESS) showed that leaders’ values did not significantly change over time (from 2008 to 2016). However, the expression of values significantly differed between leaders of different countries.

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE - DRIVERS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Oana Matilda Sabie,Armenia Androniceanu,Simona Alexandra Apostol (Voicu) / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of this paper is to present how different elements, like: leadership, emotional intelligence and organizational culture influence the performance of people and organizations, and, also, to answer the question “Can these factors be defined as drivers of employee performance?”. The main objective is to bring more clarity to the process of measure employee performance through a better understanding of emotional intelligence and organizational culture, along with the added value of these two concepts. A brief review of literature studies presenting results on this theme is caried out within the paper, in order to demonstrate the utility of the future research directions in the field. The paper reveals specific elements that should be part of the performance measurement at organizational level, in order to improve the actual approach.

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Pentru o mai bună comunicare profesională

Author(s): Elena Predescu,Andra Seceleanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2010

Professional communication represents the interaction process between communication acts with intentionally-pragmatical features within some structures including professional activities. Professional activities involve competences concerning the expression and understanding the information in specifically and professionally used assertions. The volunteering feature of professional communication is the most important feature of this step. Cultural differences, fear of competition and outrage, resistance to changes, lack of professional competence, a passive attitude and other such features can prevent good communication with other members from the professional team and can determine an undesirable result. This means that the way the individuals communicate while performing their job is extremely important and involves accepting a „modus vivendi” also involving a share of discontents considered as part of life.

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Teroarea psihică la locul de muncă

Author(s): Victoria Chiriloiu,Romelia Elena Flueraru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2010

Workplace bullying find a proper way into the crisis society, the victim mostly cannot avoid the perpetrator changing his/her job, and the aggressor mainly sustain that his/her behavior is just a strong management. Bullying is a sustained form of psychological abuse and often emanates from a senior person taking what they feel as a strong line with employees. There is, however, a fine line between strong management and bullying. That line is crossed when the target of bullying is persistently downgraded with the result that they begin to show signs of being distressed, becoming physically, mentally or psychologically hurt. It can be distinguished from other work related problems, in that it is not the intention of the perpetrator, but the deed itself and its impact on the recipient or target that constitutes workplace bullying

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