National report on the crimes of communism in Slovenia

Author(s): Andreja Valič,Damjan Hančič,Boštjan Kolarič,Jernej Letnar Černič,Renato Podbersič / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For six centuries the Slovenian lands had been the part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which disintegrated aft er the WWI. According to the will of the Paris Peace Conference and the world super powers the majority of the Slovenian lands in 1918 entered the first Yugoslavia. Th e western part belonged to Italy and the west-northern part belonged to Austria. During the WWI in Slovenia (1941–1945) there were occupation, resistance, revolution, collaboration and the civil war. After the Axis attack on Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941, Slovenia was occupied by Italy, Germany and Hungary. After the Italian capitulation in September 1943, Germany added the Italian Slovenian territory into the Operational Zone Adriatic Littoral. After the German occupation of Hungary, the Third Reich occupied the whole of Slovenia. All three occupying countries had the same goal: to Italianize, Germanize and Hungarize the Slovenians and assimilate the occupied territories.

Domácí násilí v kontextu násilí na ženách

Author(s): Kateřina Machovcová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Razmjere i posljedice devastirane demografske slike bosanskog Podrinja

Author(s): Fikret Bečirović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In order to territorially expand and create a homogeneous demographic picture, “ethnic cleansing” and genocide against the non-Serb population of Podrinje was prepared first in academic, then in military circles, in our neighboring country of Serbia. The goal was to ethnically cleanse (brutally remove) the Bosniak population in every possible way from an area that covers at least fifty kilometers from the Drina River to the central part of Bosnu i Hercegovinu. The “ethnic cleansing” of that area from non-Serbs also had the intention of a “final showdown” with the undesirable, unpopular element, the remnants of the Turkish conqueror, as they labeled the Bosniak corps. Thus, the first aggressor strikes began on the eastern border and during April 1992, the entire Podrinje area was occupied, with great destruction, expulsions, imprisonment, terrorism and the cruelest crimes that reached their peak with the Srebrenica genocide. Permanent crimes and complete “ethnic cleansing” throughout the war period completely devastated the prewar demographic picture of the entire Bosnian Podrinje area. In this paper, we will analyze the causes, extent and consequences of the devastated demographic picture in 10 Podrinje municipalities, comparing the post-war census from 2013 with the pre-war census from 1991. Comparative analysis will show that war destruction, crimes, “ethnic cleansing” and genocide against Bosniaks in Srebrenica and other Podrinje municipalities caused large demographic, quantitative and qualitative changes in ethnic structure, gender, age, working age, education, culture and all other segments of life.

Zaključci Međunarodne naučne konferencije “Genocid nad Bošnjacima, Srebrenica 1995–2020: Uzroci, razmjere i posljedice”

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Moralno-pravna i politička obaveza svijeta Evropske unije i Bosne i Hercegovine jeste ne samo spriječiti buduće, civilizacijski katastrofične i neprihvatljive zločine poput genocida nad Bošnjacima u Srebrenici i oko nje nego, i prije svega, spriječiti njegovo planski aktivno i političko, medijsko, kvazinaučno, sistematsko poricanje i negiranje, kakvome svjedočimo danas i svih poratnih godina u Bosni i Hercegovini i njenom susjedstvu. Tačnije Srbiji, koja je imala “političko mentorstvo” nad genocidom, uporno pokušavajući izbjeći ono neizbježno – svoju vlastitu odgovornost za plansko, praktično učešće i političko i vojno saučesništvo koga je potpuno svjesna. [...]

The Philosophical Vision of Legal Punishment

Author(s): Virginia Zaharia,Veronica Pozneacova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.

Adaptation of the Penal Response to the Globalization of Criminality

Author(s): François-Xavier Roux-Demare / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The evolution of international economic-political relations and the means of communication has required, for a long time, a review of the apprehension of spaces and borders. The jurist was not excluded from this reflection, quite the contrary. The criminal sciences – despite the traditional term of “sovereign matter” – have had to adapt to an obvious evolution. The situation is not new; crime is becoming international. Nevertheless, it is no longer a question of being limited to the international crimes creating international criminal law, but of the necessary response of an international criminal law. In fact, alongside crimes that undermine the international public order, States must fight against an internationalized crime. The physiognomy of this crime is now acquired: internationalized, interpenetrated and professionalized. Borders do not seem to be an obstacle to crime. The globalization of exchanges and means of communication strengthens the effectiveness of criminal bands. To this criminal evolution, the States had to react. Again, this is not a recent response. Quickly, the national police collaborated to fight against a blatant and detestable impunity through the game of borders. However, and in order to face the increase in this crime benefiting from the disappearance of borders, States had to overcome their sense of sovereignist withdrawal. The European Union illustrates this new response, going beyond traditional criminal cooperation to ensure a real criminal integration.

Закономерности в развитието на системите с изкуствен интелект при изготвянето на криминалистически експертизи

Author(s): Kuzman Minkov Martinov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this report is to reveal the regularities that govern the development of artificial intelligence in the field of forensic science. An attempt has been made to establish them through analysis and scientific interpretation of the processes related to their implementation and use in forensic research. The focus of the research is refracted through the prism of the application of artificial intelligence systems in the field of dactyloscopic examinations. The historical stages and the factors that determine their appearance and evolution in their development are traced. The obtained results contribute to deepening the knowledge of theoretical and practical issues related to the use of artificial intelligence systems in the course of forensic examinations, their importance and current state, as well as to forecasting their future development.

PRIMJENA ODGOJNIH PREPORUKA U RADU SA MALOLJETNIM POČINIOCIMA KRIVIČNIH DJELA U FEDERACIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Author(s): Danka Požek / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine od 2015. godine u primjeni je Zakon o zaštiti i postupanju sa djecom i maloljetnicima u krivičnom postupku FBiH19. Zakon predstavlja strateški zaokret i donosi određene novine u oblasti maloljetničkog prijestupništva. Temelji se na rješenjima savremenog krivičnog zakonodavstva, međunarodnim standardima i iskustvima dobre prakse drugih zemalja. Zakonom se utvrđuju posebna pravila postupanja prema djeci koja su u sukobu sa zakonom, mlađim punoljetnim osobama i djeci koja su žrtve ili svjedoci, pri tome poštujući najbolji interes djeteta te omogućavajući da dijete, u skladu sa uzrastom, iskaže svoje interese. Njegova primjena u praksi zahtijeva pravovremenu reakciju i osposobljavanje svih nadležnih organa, prvenstveno stručnih osoba organa starateljstva, odnosno centra za socijalni rad.

Resocijalizacija osuđenih lica kroz prizmu penološke andragogije

Author(s): Edis Bajić,Dejan Đorđević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

The problem of punishing convicted persons has always been a current topic of every human society. However, the purpose of every pronounced criminal sanction is the resocialization of convicted persons, which is carried out through the implementation of institutional re-educational treatment. The main discipline that deals with the problem of punishment and re-education of convicted persons is called penological andragogy. The goal of this work is to point out the theoretical starting points of this science, its subject, but also the connection with other scientific disciplines. This science is dynamic and requires constant upgrading, and its role is extremely important in the resocialization of criminals. Penological andragogy gives us clear guidelines on how and in what manner to deal with convicted persons who are serving a prison sentence. Her methodical approach is very important for the penological staff who work every day on the implementation of pre-educational treatment, and this article is also focused on some important forms and forms of pre-educational work that are used by educators on a daily basis.

Sociološke teorije o uzrocima maoljetničke delinkvencije

Author(s): Danilo Mrković,Husein Ljeljak / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

In order to understand the causes of juvenile delinquency, we must look at the theoretical assumptions of criminogenic factors that lead to this deviant phenomenon among young people. In principle, all theories fall into three categories according to their origins and theoretical beliefs: biological, psychological and sociological. Not wanting to diminish the importance of other theories, and due to the structure and scope of the matter, in this paper we will deal primarily with sociological theories that are related to social factors and the dysfunctionality of a society in general. What all sociological theories have in common is that they see crime and juvenile delinquency as a socially conditioned phenomenon, and those who commit crimes as psychophysically healthy people who committed a crime due to the action of socially unfavorable factors. In using sociological theories for the emergence and development of deviations, one should be careful, because many have rightly asked the question: Why do those factors that favor sociological theories not affect the majority of citizens of a community, if unfavorable social factors are the only reason for the emergence of deviations in society?

Karakteristike krivičnih sankcija u savremenom društvu

Author(s): Nadežda Gudelj / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

In international criminal law, criminal sanctions represent coercive measures for the protection of humanity and international law against socially dangerous and illegal behavior imposed by the competent judicial authorities in the prescribed procedure, which consist in confiscating or limiting the freedoms and rights of the criminally responsible perpetrator. These are measures of social response that are applied to the perpetrator of an international criminal offense after its commission and in connection with it. They represent the necessary reaction of the international community to the most serious and dangerous cases of violation of the rules of international law of general civilizational significance.

IV DIO: Devedesete, rat i nakon rata u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Arijana Aganović,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje će se baviti položajem žena u periodu 1992–1995. Ovdje će biti predstavljene uloge žena u različitim oblastima djelovanja, kao što je vojska, civilna odbrana, obrazovanje, medicina, umjetnost, politika, ali i žene kao ratne zločinke, te žene kao žrtve silovanja.