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PLAGIARISM PERCEPTION WITHIN ROMANIAN POLICE ACADEMY - A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Georgică PANFIL,Alexandra Doncea,Viorel Coroiu,Marin Ruiu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

Current paper tackles the issues related to plagiarism phenomenon as it is perceived by the students of Alexandru Ioan Cuza Police Academy. The content is related to a research that has been developed in 2014-2015 among the students using transversal analysis as the main research method. It is well known that plagiarism represents a threat for current society, but unfortunately it has to be said that it also represents a reality especially when referring to academic environments. Furthermore, one could state the fact that the idea of plagiarism is both tolerated and supported by some categories of persons, some of them from the position of beneficiary - either the person involved in the act itself, either the person to gain some advantages resulting from a plagiarized paper, article, book etc. The authors of the paper have developed the study using questionnaires applied to different types of students from the specific environment of Romanian Police Academy. As such, groups of students (cadets) from first year of study, second year and from the final year were involved in this research. Also, a group of students involved in one of the master programs developed by the institution were used for the questionnaire, with accent on students that have previously graduated the Academy. Another interesting evaluation is a comparative one between the master students originating from civilian society and those that are hired within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The study is illustrated with diagrams and has an important part of research interpretation and conclusions.

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Biomechanika zatížení hlavy dítěte při třesení nebo pádu

Author(s): Jiří Straus / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

Shaken baby syndrome is moustly caused by forceful shaking and plucking at a stuckling baby or a young child, there is not important which body part is shaked by – legs, arms, chest or shoulders. Plucking can provoke brain damage (which is followed by mental retardation, learning and speaking defect), paralysis, epileptic fit, hearing loss or death. It can also provoke encephalorrhagia or in eyes surrouding blindness. There are mentioned results of experiments which werw made with a stuckling baby biomechanical model. The author shows in values of head acceleration which reached average efficiency. It was attested a hypothesis that a man is able to provoke overfreight which reaches critical border for surviving in case of internal head injury during only a few second shaking.

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Forenzná analýza stôp rezných nástrojov na kostiach

Author(s): Soňa Masnicová,Magdaléna Krajníková,Radoslav Beňuš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2021

The article deals with the problem of forensic analysis of cutting tools traces on bones. It focuses on the assessment of macroscopic and microscopic structure of damaged tissue due to various cutting tools. It points out the need for teamwork of several experts in the analysis and evaluation of tool marks on the bones.

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Vybrané problémy dokazování rozumové a mravní vyspělosti

Author(s): Ivo Polanský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

The post discusses some issues with proving intellectual and mental maturity of juveniles. In the introduction author briefly deals with reasons of the adoption of The Juvenile Justice Act and corresponding relative adoption of criminal responsibility of juveniles. Distinctive theoretical attitudes are not omitted with this conception of criminal responsibility. Also the adolescence process is analysed in the brief including factors directly influencing this process. Another chapter is dedicated to the examination of the mental state of the juveniles and determination of the degree of their mental maturity by expert‘s investigation. In this context some factual problems and drawbacks common to the criminal proceeding are pointed out. These issues are demonstrated in the examples from practice. The next part is about proving bio-psycho-social level of the juvenile. The standard procedure of the law enforcement authorities for proving intellectual and mental maturity of juveniles is described, including possible drawbacks and the opinion of the courts regarding this topic. At the end author summarizes outputs of the individual chapters, including consideration of possible change de lege ferenda.

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K problematice a srovnání identifikace v kriminalistice, policejních a bezpečnostních vědách

Author(s): Viktor Porada / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The terminology of basic concept and their meaning in the fields of forensic science, police and security sciences is discussed. Gradually, the types and nature of security activities identification, forensic identification of objects and systems and biometric identification and verification are discussed. The result of the cognitive process is the identification of an individual object (or at least its grouping) in the case of criminalistics in the form of object or system identification, or in the case of identification of security activities, knowledge of the security situation.

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Predikce tělesné výšky osoby ze stop lokomoce

Author(s): Jiří Straus,Jiří Jonák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The article presents the possibilities of predicting a person’s body height according to the dimensions of the leg or the parameters of walking. Forensic biomechanics makes it possible to study mainly trasological traces of locomotion, which have so far been on the fringes of interest in criminalistics. Trasological traces of bipedal locomotion are a typical representative of traces that refl ect the functional an dynamic properties of the acting object and it is possible to decode biomechanical content from these traces. Body height is sone of the basic characteristics that serves to identity a person. The article presents relations for the prediction of body height from the length of the leg or length of the step and two steps.

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CRIMINOLOGIA INTEGRATIVĂ ȘI DIMENSIUNEA NOOLOGICĂ

Author(s): George Mircea Botescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

As criminologist Gregg Barak argued, integrative criminology means different things to different criminologists. Viewed comprehensively, the multiple strengths of investigations, examinations and incorporations constitute integrative criminology. The same researcher considers that informal and formal integration currently consists of the convergence of at least three recent theoretical forces within the criminological enterprise: the„development”,„life course” and„reciprocal” theories of human behavior. All these theories have common integrative approaches to the individual problem of relating the environment and how these experiences establish paths to and / or away from antisocial behavior, deviance, delinquency, crime or violence. We believe and try to argue that this triad of integrative criminological theories is an open system that must be linked to the „noological model” of social interaction, originally created by Ilie Badescu, a Romanian sociologist, in a comprehensive monograph entitled Noological Sociology. The spiritual order of society. We consider that between these two types of approach there is harmony, complementarity and completeness, and the noological approach is able to multiply the integrative capacity of the criminological vision.

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ПРЕМА ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОМ ПРИСТУПУ У ПРОУЧАВАЊУ И КОНТРОЛИ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТА

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Mile Šikman / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Starting from the fact that heavy forms of crime have a great impact on the society as a whole, states are expected to administrate an adequate response. An apparent precondition for swift response at the appearance of heavy crimes is to gain an accurate and deep understanding of these phenomena. In this regard, authors point out that an approach based on strict separation and isolation between criminal doctrines in dealing with the subject of its study is considered to be outdated, i.e., multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity arise as a necessary approach. The authors suggest that, as knowledge of different sciences is required within the common problem formulation, it is necessary for experts in individual disciplines to work together while retaining their disciplinary approaches and views. This approach is believed to be successful in enabling comprehensive consideration of the problem and leading to its solving. When it comes to heavy forms of crime, it is clear that this type of social problem will not be solved without transdisciplinary cooperation, and there is no dilemma that these criminal phenomena should be viewed and studied with the integration of all knowledge of criminology, criminal – law (material, procedural and executive), as well as forensic science. Overcoming disciplinary restrictions in responding to severe forms of crime through a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches will lead to the improvement of theoretical and practical principles of responding to severe forms of crime. Authors have analyzed the assertion that problems of contemporary society that are too complex for one discipline, that they require the connection of various sciences and scientific disciplines in the entire process of acquiring knowledge about heavy forms of criminality, on the one hand, and its resistance, on the other.

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PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 INFECTION AT THE PENITENTIARY FACILITY IN SREMSKA MITROVICA

Author(s): Nebojša Draganović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The article points out how the largest penitentiary in the country and one of the largest institutions of this type of facility has faced the Covid 19 pandemic from the outbreak to the present days. Although the Institution was relatively unprepared for the infection of this extent, in cooperation with the competent health authorities and based on the decisions of the competent authorities in the Administration for the Enforcement of Penal Sanctions, the rapid spread of the disease was prevented and satisfactory results have been achieved so far. At one point, the number of positive cases for the virus was 380, but luckily, the symptoms were lighter. The basic method of action at that point was strict isolation and thanks to its application, no convicted person in the institution has fall for the disease. It is interesting that persons deprived of their liberty during the pandemic were engaged in the production of protective masks not only for the purposes of the institution within the Administration for the Enforcement of Penal Sanctions, but also for the needs of health care institutions in Sremska Mitrovica and throughout the Republic of Serbia.

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Subliminalne poruke u zatvoru

Author(s): Damir Nadarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 50/2021

There are subliminal messages all around us, whether we want to admit it or not. The possibilities of consciously influencing the unconscious with the aim of ma¬nipulating human behaviour have been explored since as far back as 1884 (American researchers Pierce and Jastrow). Prisons are a symbol of the power of the state, an instru¬ment of fear and, ultimately, the places for housing people whose behaviour is unaccep¬table to the community. Therefore, certain forms of manipulation of prisoners, disguised as re-education and resocialisation, as declarative goals of punishment, are considered a legitimate “right” of the state. What this paper will cover in particular is the detection of subliminal messages as manipulative instruments imprisoned persons are exposed to while serving a prison sentence. The paper gives a definition of subliminal messages, shows the ways in which such can be inserted into certain content of activities performed in prison, and their re-educational value is assessed. Special emphasis is placed on prison symbols as carriers of subliminal messages, on the architecture of the prison itself, the layout of the rooms used by employees and rooms where prisoners spend their time, the colours of those rooms, smells and sounds inside them, different ways of artistic expression but also on the employee-prisoner relations as well as peer relationships among prisoners themselves, their customs, ceremonies, discourse and gestures. All of the above, in the end, has at least two dimensions: a declarative (regulated by law) and, for the purpose of understanding the prison and its tasks, a much more valuable, covert, subliminal one.

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Шта је у имену: дефиниција организованог криминала

Author(s): Aleksandra Bulatović,Nemanja Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

This paper provides an insight into the phenomenology of organised crime as a historical and contemporary experience, and discusses issues related to understanding and definitions. Since the social environment determines significance of organised crime in society, the paper highlights influence of political context in normative design of organised crime acts through the presentation of the genesis of criminal organisation. The paper also offers an analysis of the essential conceptual connections between various understanding of organised crime, primarily in the sense in which it is reflected in the norms, given that normative definitions of organised crime are typically influenced by the understanding of how organised crime generates social danger. By offering historical and anthropological overview of organised crime normative regulation, the authors seek to contribute to a deeper understanding of this socially destructive phenomenon and related challenges in social control state of affairs.

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ДОПРИНОС АКАДЕМИКА МИЛАНА МИЛУТИНОВИЋА РАЗВОЈУ НАУЧНОИСТРАЖИВАЧКОГ РАДА У ОБЛАСТИ КРИМИНОЛОГИЈЕ

Author(s): Dragomir Davidović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1994

The paper deals with the contribution of the Academician Milutinovié in establishing and work of one of the most significant research institution in former Yugoslavia - namely, the Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research. At the time of his leading that Institute as director, Professor Milutinovié was a protagonist of a series of remarkable projects, editor of many valuable monographs and publications and the organizer of national and international symposia. He also was active in developing research associates who continued, in most cases their work as professors of criminal law courses in various universities.

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КРИМИНАЛИТЕТ ЖЕНА - ПОТРЕБА СТВАРАЊА НОВОГ КРИМИНО ЛОШКОГ ПРИЛАЗА

Author(s): Zorica Mršević,Ivana Simović Hiber / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/1994

Former research and theoretical approach to female criminality has not been adequate, so that there is a need for the new one. After analyzing general characteristics of criminality of women and some more important theoretical approaches to these problems, the authors suggest in their conclusions two possible methodological approaches, namely: (i) female criminality should not be considered as a particular and isolated, i.e. differently determined phenomenon within the entirety of the problems of criminality; (ii) in the effects of general causes of criminality - endogenous and exogenous regarding the women, there exist, undoubtedly, specificities which have, as their consequence, the other specificities in the scope and structure of criminality.

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WHAT’S QUANTUM GOT TO DO WITH IT? ENGAGING THE NEW SCIENCES IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Author(s): Dragan Milovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Contemporary social sciences are rooted in Isaac Newton’s ontology. This interdisciplinary article advocates an engagement with the new sciences, particularly quantum theory and quantum holography. It focuses particularly on the field of criminology, which amongst the social sciences stands as the most obstinate in a time when new thinking to deal with the crime problem is most compelling. It offers possible changes in our methodological approaches. It advocates a transformative justice as a replacement to “criminal justice” and “restorative justice.”

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Violence in Cyberspace and Possible Prevention

Author(s): Maida Bećirović-Alić,Muzafer Saračević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper describes some of the forms of violence in cyberspace and possible prevention. The second part of this paper provides an analysis of students’ views on possible online abuse and prevention. The research aims to highlight statistically significant opportunities for raising awareness of possible online abuse and the prevention of cyberbullying. The survey consists of a total of 20 testimonials, which are divided into 4 parts, and each part assesses different aspects. The conclusion of this research is that the Internet environment does not provide enough feedback on the reactions of the person to whom the harassing messages were sent, which in the abuser reduces the feeling of causing true emotional and psychological harm to another person, reducing the degree of self-control and insight into the level of bullying.

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Etiološki aspekti i posledice nasilničkog kriminaliteta

Author(s): Maja Subotin,Rade Bogojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Violent crime is one of the oldest forms of criminality and has always been present in society. When all crime manifestations are considered, violent crime provokes the strongest reaction and the strongest condemnation of society, because it endangers human life as the most important human and social value, as well as property or other values and goods of the victim or society. In modern society, it is present all around us: in the family, school, work, street, games and various other events. Unlike the other forms of criminality, In this form of crime, the more significant perpetrator's tendency toward torture, as well as his insolence and ruthlessness in forcing another to suffer such behaviour come to the fore. The violent crime consequences can be extremely destructive and are reflected on the individual in the form of psychological, social and sexual problems, but also on his immediate environment and society as a whole through the deterioration of quality of life. That is why the suppression of violent crime is one of the primary tasks of every state, and the precondition for the realization of this task is to understand its etiological aspects in order to create effective prevention measures. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of creating preventive measures based on these factors, as well as the destructiveness of the consequences arising from this form of crime, through the analysis and systematization of knowledge regarding the causes of violent crime.

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Criminal aspects of medical errors

Author(s): Mladen M. Milošević,Božidar Banović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In this paper, we focus on the importance and role of criminal law in sanctioning medical errors. Bearing in mind that criminal acts are the result of irresponsible, inappropriate or insufficiently careful behaviour of medical staff during the treatment, there are difficulties in proving them in criminal proceedings. Due to the complex causality and sensitiveness of this problem, there is a need for a detailed analysis of the relevant provisions of the Serbian Criminal Code. In this regard, our goal is a comprehensive review and assessment of the quality and efficiency of current legislative solutions. The court practice in the matter was also the subject of the analyses, so we tried to identify points of disagreement in the court’s interpretation of legal provisions. Subjective elements of the legal definition of the basic form of the offence are particularly examined. We concluded the paper with recommendations for the improvement of legal solutions de lege ferenda.

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Undercover Investigator in Legislation of the United States and the United Kingdom

Author(s): Joko Dragojlović,Nemanja Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In this day and age, one of the specific ways of responding to organized crime is covert operations which, as a measure of an undercover investigation, are a very important form of legal and criminalistic actions. The most efficient tactic of covert operations is deploying an undercover investigator. The success of undercover agent missions is reliant on meticulous planning of every stage of the investigation, in this way the actions of undercover agents can prevent the future criminal activity of suspects and members of criminal organizations. The research subject of this paper encompasses the criminal procedure analysis of an undercover investigator in the legislation of the United States of America and the United Kingdom. This paper aims to compare the legal framework of commissioning an undercover investigator in two compatible legal systems to identify the elements that differentiate between these models and the legal solution in the Republic of Serbia. In the conclusion, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the observed differences.

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International Legal Aspects of Mass Surveillance and Implications on Privacy

Author(s): Siniša Domazet,Slavica S. Dinić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The development of modern information and communication technologies, in addition to numerous positive aspects, has also brought challenges to human rights, especially the right to privacy. The paper analyzes the relationship between the practice of mass surveillance and the right to privacy. The acute problem of abuse during the practice of mass surveillance at the international level was pointed out. An analysis of the existing legal framework at the international level was performed, as well as the practice of European institutions. Research has shown that international law does not support modern policies and practices of mass surveillance, which are especially used by the great powers. It has been established that states, especially great powers, resort to the argument that national security is endangered or that there is a danger of terrorism, to justify the practice of mass surveillance. Given the lack of universal legal regulations that would protect the right to privacy from abuse based on the practice of mass surveillance, the solution lies in concluding bilateral agreements or adopting non-binding legal norms. The normative method and legal-logical methods of induction and deduction were used in the research.

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Strategic Directions of Activities of the Intelligence and Security Agencies of the Western Balkans

Author(s): Milovan Trbojević,Branislav Svirčević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The Western Balkans is geographically positioned on an important route between Asia and Europe, while the Balkan countries are mostly politically oriented towards the West, which is why it can be said that the entire Balkans has both a EuroAtlantic and Eurasian position. As an interesting hub with a transit position, which has many advantages in terms of the flow of goods, services, people, capital and ideas, there are many threatening phenomena in the Balkans. The largest of them are organized crimes, cybercrime, terrorism, violent extremism, radicalism, sabotage, subversive activities, intelligence work and diversion. Contemporary global and regional security-political trends and dynamics of viral threatening phenomena require the specific organization of the intelligence-security sector. In addition to the imperative that the security-intelligence system has a strong normative and organizational basis, it is necessary to determine precise strategic directions, so that every activity of the security-intelligence capacities would be purposeful and goal-oriented. Strategic directions are the result of political and legal codification processes, which result from the need for continuous realization of political and security interests of the Western Balkan countries through the operation of the security and intelligence system. In order to achieve the goals defined by the strategic directions, it is necessary to permanently, continuously, coordinate and control the operation of the intelligence and security apparatus of the countries of the Western Balkans. The mentioned convergences in the basic principles do not exclude the existing divergences of the strategic orientations of the security-intelligence systems, which requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis.

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