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Smeštanje kulture

Author(s): Homi Bhabha / Language(s): Serbian

In The Location of Culture, Hommi Bhabha sets out the conceptual imperative and political consistency of the post-colonial intellectual project. In a dazzling series of essays he explains why the culture of western modernity must be relocated from the post-colonial perspective. Bhabha discusses writers as Morrison, Gordimer, Conrad and Walcolt. And Bhabha rethinks questions of identity, social agency and national affiliation. In doing so he provides a theory of cultural hybridity and the ‘translation’ of social differences which goes beyond the polarities of Self and Other, East and West.

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National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM)

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

The current brief is based on the results of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. The study focused on four main thematic areas connected with DGBV phenomena: factors and causes, scales and prevalence, consequences, and public response. The study revealed that DGBV victimisation is caused by the simultaneous action of three types of factors: factors representing a conflict, violent conflict-resolution models that the perpetrators follow, and lack or blocking of deterrent mechanisms. DGBV re-victimisation occurs when the victims lack both internal and external resources to counteract. The reporting of DGBV prevalence depends on three factors: real occurrence of DGBV, awareness that the experienced acts represent DGBV, and readiness to share this experience with authorities, help providers or researchers.

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Domestic and Gender-Based Violence: Victims Support Model

Author(s): Elmira Nesheva,Daniela Kolarova,Rumen Minkovski / Language(s): English

Freedom from violence, regardless of its form, is every human being’s fundamental right. The rights to life, liberty and security of person have been regulated in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the Victims Support Model is to provide information and to present the currently existing activities, services and departments, which operate in the area of domestic and gender-based violence. The proposed Model accepts that the strong prevalence of the phenomena and the consequences thereof necessitate that it is treated as a public health issue. For this reason, an approach is being proposed, which defines and outlines the roots and the consequences of this problem in Bulgaria, identifies the risk and protective factors, and proposes strategies for effective resolution, including activities on prevention, timely reaction, and follow-up.

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Drug Users in Prison: Norway's Experience and Bulgaria's Challenges

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Hedda Giertsen,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

Publication looks over the situation of drug users in two European countries – Norway, known for its social and welfare-oriented state, and Bulgaria, which since the beginning of the transition from totalitarism to democracy lacks sustainable policies on prisons and drugs. The aim of this work is to comparatively present the penal policy towards drug users and the measures taken for convicted people addicted to narcotic substances, to identify those features which can be transferable and can assist Bulgarian authorities to improve the situation of drug users in and outside the prison. Finally, this research will try to propose concrete measures to be taken both within the penitentiary system and as crime prevention efforts among drug users.

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Organized Crime in Bulgaria: Markets and Trends

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The report Organized Crime in Bulgaria: Markets and Trends summarizes the analyses carried out by the Center for the Study of Democracy throughout the last decade which have focused on specific aspects of organized crime in Bulgaria (contraband, the drug market, tax fraud, human trafficking, arms proliferation, etc.), the systemic spread of corruption, and the linkages between the two. The report presents the latest trends and manifestations (or market niches) of syndicate crime and its particularly damaging effects. It goes further to offer a historical review of the facts and available expertise in the area, and to draw conclusions about the origin, characteristics and developmental features of organized criminality in Bulgaria in the context of the transition to democracy.

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Модел за подкрепа на жертви на домашно насилие и насилие, основано на пола

Author(s): Elmira Nesheva,Daniela Kolarova,Rumen Minkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian

Freedom from violence, regardless of its form, is every human being’s fundamental right. The rights to life, liberty and security of person have been regulated in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the Victims Support Model is to provide information and to present the currently existing activities, services and departments, which operate in the area of domestic and gender-based violence. The proposed Model accepts that the strong prevalence of the phenomena and the consequences thereof necessitate that it is treated as a public health issue. For this reason, an approach is being proposed, which defines and outlines the roots and the consequences of this problem in Bulgaria, identifies the risk and protective factors, and proposes strategies for effective resolution, including activities on prevention, timely reaction, and follow-up.

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Национално изследване на домашното насилие и насилието, основано на полов признак (ДННОПП), и изработване на модел за подкрепа на жертвите на насилие (МПЖН).

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The current brief is based on the results of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. The study focused on four main thematic areas connected with DGBV phenomena: factors and causes, scales and prevalence, consequences, and public response. The study revealed that DGBV victimisation is caused by the simultaneous action of three types of factors: factors representing a conflict, violent conflict-resolution models that the perpetrators follow, and lack or blocking of deterrent mechanisms. DGBV re-victimisation occurs when the victims lack both internal and external resources to counteract. The reporting of DGBV prevalence depends on three factors: real occurrence of DGBV, awareness that the experienced acts represent DGBV, and readiness to share this experience with authorities, help providers or researchers.

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Национално изследване на домашното насилие и насилието, основано на полов признак. Аналитичен доклад

Author(s): Slavyanka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

Bulgaria is among those half of EU-member states where statistical information about victim-offender relationship is not gathered, hereby making impossible the assessment of the share of domestic violence among crimes against the person. Domestic violence is not qualified as a criminal offence and is still not included in the Criminal Code – and respectively, in statistical data provided by the Police and by the National Statistical Institute. Information about numbers of complaints for domestic violence registered in the police and numbers of cases of domestic violence submitted to the courts are not present in the publicly available statistics either. The current report is part of the National Study on Domestic and Gender Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of Victims Support Model (VSM), developed under Programme Area 29, BG12: Domestic and Gender Based Violence, Measure 3: Research and data collection of the Norwegian Financial Mechanism, in response to their aims: research and collection of data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV. The general objective of the study is to contribute to the prevention of DGBV and to improve the situation of DGBV victims in Bulgaria, with specific focus on Roma women and girls. The specific objective is to develop knowledge and expertise regarding the situation of domestic and gender-based violence to ensure that all stakeholders including the Bulgarian government can access strong independent analysis in order to facilitate better informed and evidence-based policy decisions. This objective is achieved by conducting quantitative and qualitative study in Bulgaria which provides data regarding the prevalence and measures to prevent and combat DGBV among the general and Roma population. Additional objective is to develop and pilot a Victims Support Model (VSM), which aimed to involve local community in the assistance and protection of DGBV victims and engage the key local stakeholders (police departments, service providers, local authorities, Roma organizations).

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Подпомагане и реинтеграция на деца – жертви на трафик: Подобряване на политиката и практиката в страните от Европейския съюз

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

This Handbook presents the main results of an in-depth evaluation study of the legal, policy and practical frameworks for assistance to and reintegration of child victims of trafficking in six EU Member States – Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, and Sweden. The three reports included in this Handbook are based on three standardised methodologies for examination of legal and policy frameworks, for evaluation of programmes for assistance and re/integration of child victims of trafficking and for indentification of good practices in this area. The reports analyse the relevance of legal frameworks for the needs of trafficked children and the effectiveness of services for such children in different areas of assistance, such as: identification of trafficked children, appointment of a guardian, individual case assessment, regularisation of status, interim care and protection, durable solutions and longterm re/integration. The reports offer a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of assistance and reintegration programs and discuss identified challenges that need to be addressed in countries of both destination and origin in order to assure better protection and assistance to trafficked children across the EU.

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Партньори в престъпността: рисковете от симбиозата между сектора за сигурност и организираната престъпност в Югоизточна Европа

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The penetration of the organized crime into the security sectors of the countries in transition is one of the darkest aspects of the post-communist transformations of states. During the past 15 years the growing impact and influence of organized criminal groups was felt not only in the countries in transition but also in the European Union. This process was facilitated by the increasingly free movement of people, goods and finances around Europe. The report is a necessary contribution to heightening public awareness of the considerable risks arising from criminal partnership within the security sector in Bulgaria and the Western Balkans and the need for measures to counteract and prevent it.

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Корупция и контрабанда: мониторинг и превенция. Методики за ооценка и модели за противодействие на трансграничната престапност в България

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

This is the second updated edition under the same title, published by the Center for the Study of Democracy of its Reports/ Analyses series to be distributed among participants in Regional Coordination Meeting of Subtable "Justice and Home Affairs" of Stability Pact Working Table III, held in Sofia on October 3rd, 2000. This latest analytical report is the outcome of the efforts of non-government organizations and state institutions, and of independent experts and journalists as well within the framework of the Coalition 2000 process. Launched in 1997, Coalition 2000 strives to support the restriction and curbing of corrupt practices in Bulgarian society, including regular monitoring of public perceptions and attitudes towards corruption. The illicit trafficking growth, as one of the most important sources of local "gray economy" throughout the 90ies, was caused by a number of international and internal factors, the most crucial of which being the weakening of the post-communist state and the spread of corruption practices among state officials. The threat on society posed by the interlacing of the interests both of crossborder crime perpetrators and the associated corrupt public officials (customs officials being the most alarming example according to public opinion), became a serious public concern. This initiated the necessity to analyze the phenomenon and to identify adequate monitoring and counteraction measures, moreover this type of crime finds further confirmation in experts' estimate that a large portion of the local gray economy is related to smuggling of goods and the proceeds of the respective unlawful activities. The report examines the processes of illegal trafficking and the related corruption in Bulgaria, identifying their typical manifestations and the practical assessment, prevention and control strategies and methodologies in three sections as follows: • an analysis of crossborder crime in Bulgaria during the 90ies; • a review of the sociological and statistical methods of measuring illicit trafficking; • Practically oriented proposals with the aim of curbing corruption and trafficking. The first section emphasizes on the combined impact of trafficking and corruption in the context of current criminological environment in this country and the increasing crossborder nature of crime. The problem has been deliberately set in the national context, seemingly isolated from global crime. The second section of the paper (Monitoring the illegal trafficking) proposes two relevant methods of measuring the contraband merchandises imported in the country and the sample survey methods for assessing of smuggling. One of them, the "mirror statistics" method, compares overseas and local official data regarding the export/import of this country. It is applied to assess the scope of the gray economy as a whole, and to locate the main "contraband markets" in Bulgaria. In addition, an original mechanism is developed, which combines monitoring through sample interviews, with exerting control over contraband goods. This mechanism is oriented towards future cooperation between local NGOs and public authorities (customs and police). The third section of the paper consists of proposed measures to be undertaken to curb illegal trafficking and corruption in this country. It is coined after the Coalition 2000 Anti-Corruption Action Plan and outlines the synergy of public sector reform and civil society anti-corruption initiatives. It also stresses on the importance of enhancing international cooperation in the framework of Bulgaria's EU accession. Statistical data provided by the Customs Agency have been used in this second updated edition of the paper. A number of recommendations by the Agency's experts have also been taken in consideration.

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Индекс за мониторинг на условията в затворите: методология и пилотни резултати

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): Bulgarian

International organisations, national governments and human rights NGOs exercise various types of monitoring of the penitentiary systems. In order to quantify their results, there are some generally accepted indicators (such as the number of inmates per 100.000 citizens), but in many specific areas like healthcare, employment, security and safety, such indicators have never been applied. Therefore, those monitoring efforts will substantially benefit from an instrument capable of supplying comparable and easy-to-use data on the situation in prisons. To address this need, the Center for the Study of Democracy, in cooperation with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the Observatory on the Penal System and Human Rights with the University of Barcelona, the Law Institute of Lithuania and Association Droit au Droit, developed a Prison Conditions Monitoring Index (PCMI) – a system of indicators translating into comparable figures the situation in different prisons. In the end of 2014, the PCMI was piloted in several prisons in Bulgaria, Germany and Lithuania to test its operability and analyse the potential use of the results it generates. The present report elaborates on the methodology underlying the PCMI and offers a summary of the results of its pilot implementation. It is intended for a broad audience of readers including policy makers, prison staff, lawyers, social workers, academics and NGOs interested in the topic of prison monitoring.

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Институционални индикатори за управление на делата в наказателното правосъдие: Международни и национални индикатори, ситуацията в България и Полша

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni,Miriana Ilcheva,Paweł Wiliński,Petr Karlík / Language(s): Bulgarian

This publication reviews the existing practices of courts’ performance measurement and criminal cases management based on the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness, transparency, quality care, benchmarking, result orientation and accountability. These efforts are considered on supranational and national level as two components of the process of implementing a quality model in the justice sector, growing increasingly intense at EU level. At national level, the report examines the achievements in implementing performance indicators in England and Wales, Germany, Netherlands, Finland, Belgium, France and Spain, as well as in Romania. The normative, policy and strategic framework of Bulgaria and Poland is also tackled in order to cover the prospects for introduction of such indicators in the two target countries.

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Наказание на свобода: възможни алтернативи на затвора в Европейския съюз

Author(s): Christine M. Graebsch,Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): Bulgarian

The issue of imprisonment vs. alternative penalties has been debated in various European countries during the last decades, and ambulant sanctions have been heavily on the rise. Community sentences and other alternatives to imprisonment are regarded as modern instruments for the rehabilitation of offenders. The objective of the present study is to examine the scope of application of penalties without deprivation of liberty as compared to imprisonment as well as to identify promising practices of alternative criminal sanctioning in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain and Lithuania. As this study covers several European countries, the comparative perspective suggests itself nearly as a matter of course. In this connection, it seems reasonable to describe the existing ambulant sanctions of the different member states involved, taking into account their legal arrangement and their relation within the system of penal sanctions including their relation to the deprivation of liberty. It in addition appears sensible to describe and compare these ambulant sanctions with reference to their contribution to the re-socialisation or rehabilitation of those subjected to them as well as with special attention to the involvement of civil society in their execution. In a further step, promising practices in connection with ambulant sanctions could be highlighted which may be recommended for imitation by other member states. Such an approach proves to be impossible for multiple reasons, though, and it would be inadequate just to make such an attempt. There are exemplary references to ambulant sanctions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. This is due to the fact that scientists from these countries have taken part in the realisation of this project but not necessarily because of specific outstanding features of their sanction systems in comparison with other member states.

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Тенденции на престъпността в България: полицейска статистика и виктимизационни изследвания

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Philip Gounev,Alexander Stoyanov,Maria Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The report uses a crime victimization survey as an alternative analytical tool to make an independent assessment of the crime situation in Bulgaria for the period 2001–2004. The crime victimization survey polls people’s experiences with crime. Unlike official government crime statistics, the regular crime victimization surveys help the police and government authorities, as well as the public to understand: • whether the official police crime data reflect the real crime rate and crime trends; • the volume of the unreported crime; • the reasons victims do not report crimes to the police; • whether the police avoids registering reported crimes; • the profile of the social groups that are most at risk of falling victims to crime.

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Novi zov rata u Siriji i bosanskohercegovački kontingent stranih boraca

Author(s): Vlado Azinović,Muhamed Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Odlazak građana Bosne i Hercegovine na ratišta u Siriju i Irak, i posebno mogucnost njihovog povratka u zemlju, nisu najozbiljnija niti najneposrednija opasnost po njenu sigurnost. U državi koja opstanak duguje mirovnom sporazumu u koji je ugrađen temeljni spor oko kojeg je vođen rat (1992-1995) – treba li ona biti jedinstvena ili podijeljena – postoje znatno prisutniji sigurnosni rizici. Ova nerazriješena dihotomija, kroz nastavak rata (još uvijek) nenasilnim sredstvima, presudno određuje politicku, društvenu i ekonomsku dinamiku te izravno smanjuje kapacitet države da djelotvorno odgovori na gotovo svaki izazov. Odlasci na strana ratišta nisu izravna posljedica te dinamike. Oni su lokalizacija globalnog fenomena, kojem domaci kontekst ponekad pogoduje, ali su i rezultat drugih procesa koji se ovdje odvijaju skoro četvrt stoljeća. Za to vrijeme Bosna i Hercegovina je od zemlje destinacije za putujuce strane borce postala zemlja njihovog porijekla. Atlantska inicijativa je sredinom 2015. godine objavila istraživanje u kojem je pokušala objasniti ovaj fenomen. Godinu dana kasnije, cini nam se kako je saznanja do kojih smo tada došli neophodno dopuniti novima. Prije svega promjenom hijerarhije motiva koji navode na odlaske, a onda i posljedicama koje je ta promjena proizvela na sadržaj i dinamiku ovog procesa. Zbog toga i dopunjeni naslov ovog istraživanja – Novi zov rata u Siriji i bosanskohercegovacki kontingent stranih boraca.

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Between Salvation and Terror: Radicalization and the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon in the Western Balkans

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The mobilisation of jihadist foreign fighters that has taken place as a result of the conflict in Syria and Iraq has been unprecedented. According to the United Nations, up to 40,000 foreigners from nearly 100 countries have participated in the war. Not all of them will remain part of the movement. Many, have already become disillusioned, turned against their comrades, and “retired“ from fighting. Others, however, will turn up in other conflicts, become involved in terrorist networks, or use their credibility as “veterans“ to recruit new followers. There can be no doubt that the consequences of this mobilisation will be profound and long-lasting. In one of my recent books, I predicted that it will result in a “fifth wave“ of terrorism. Much of the public interest in the foreign fighter phenomenon has focused on Western Europe and the Middle East. The situation in the Balkans, by contrast, has received comparatively little attention. This book is the first comprehensive account of who the foreign fighters from the Balkans are, where they come from, and how they have been radicalised. All the chapters are based on in-depth research and written by leading experts from the region. Their analysis and conclusions are based on empirical facts and a profound understanding of the social and political dynamics in their respective countries. It is this depth of local knowledge that makes the various chapters so interesting and informative.

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„Women who inspire...“

Author(s): Tatjana Žarković / Language(s): English

The research that is in front of you was created as part of the activities that are being implemented as part of the project “Women’s Advocacy for Gender Equality” implemented by the CURE Foundation in 2017. The research was conducted for four months from March to July 2017. The main goal of the research is to analyze the problems of women in everyday life, as well as the existence of local gender policies with a focus on five selected areas: Romanija and East Sarajevo (Pale, Sokolac, Rogatica, East Sarajevo, Trnovo, Bjelosavljevići, Podromanija, Prača); the wide area of Sarajevo (Hadžići, Ilijaš, Semizovac, Hrasnica, Visoko, Kakanj); Canton 10 (Livno, Kupres, Bugojno, Bosansko Grahovo, Tomislavgrad); Tuzla and the surroundings of Tuzla (Tuzla, Srebrenik, Špionica, Gračanica, Orašje, Gradačac); Bihać and its surroundings. Within the research, one of the goals was to specifically map the problems of socially marginalized groups of women.

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Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2018.

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Croatian

Pučka pravobraniteljica Lora Vidović objavila je 20. novembra 2018. godine analizu naslovljenu: Relativizacija zločina NDH narušava temeljne vrijednosti Ustava, a izostanak reakcija otvara prostor mržnji. U tom tekstu proziva čitav niz državnih i crkvenih institucija te desnocivilnih organizacija za toleriranje i poticanje rehabilitacije nasljeđa tzv. Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i ustaškog režima. Analiza pučke pravobraniteljice svakim slovom pogađa suštinu onoga što se u 2018. Godini iskristaliziralo kao predominantan trend u javnom prostoru, s posebnim naglaskom na djelovanju Rimokatoličke crkve, Hrvatske radiotelevizije, raznih ratno-veteranskih udruženja, desnih udruga civilnog društva, ali i samih vrhova državne vlasti. Tako, primjerice, kaže: “Unatoč tome, eksplicitni ustaški ili nacistički simboli ili oni koji asociraju na ustaški pokret prisutni su u javnom prostoru u Hrvatskoj. Tako se posljednjih godina tiskaju knjige, pišu i objavljuju članci i intervjui, održavaju tribine, snimaju dokumentarni filmovi i emitiraju televizijske emisije u kojima se negira ili umanjuje zločinački karakter NDH. Osim u huškačkim i nacionalistički obojenim medijima, ovakvi stavovi iznose se i u službenom glasilu Katoličke crkve, a prodrli su i u prevladavajuće medije, uključujući i na javnu televiziju.” [...]

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Historijski revizionizam, govor mržnje i nasilje prema Srbima u 2019.

Author(s): Saša Milošević / Language(s): English,Croatian

U maju 2019. godine odvijala se kampanja za izbore za Europski parlament na kojima je sudjelovala i Samostalna demokratska srpska stranka (SDSS), vodeća stranka Srba u Hrvatskoj, koja ima tri saborska zastupnika u aktualnom sazivu Hrvatskog sabora. SDSS je odlučio izaći na izbore u uvjetima u kojima je cijela zemlja jedna izborna jedinica te na kojima valja osvojiti minimalno 5% glasova kako bi se dobio mandat u Europskom parlamentu. Iskorak je to kojim je jedna manjinska stranka ušla u arenu borbe za svog predstavnika u Europskoj uniji pod nekoliko velikih slogana u kojima se dovitljivo kombinirala ćirilica i latinica, odašiljajući poruku da je i Srbima mjesto u Europi, ali i da proširenje Europske unije na zapadni Balkan mora biti jedan od prioriteta europske politike. Središnja poruka SDSS-a u toj je kampanji bila “Znate li kako je biti Srbin u Hrvatskoj?”, što je odzvanjalo s mnogobrojnih SDSS-ovih plakata, a odgovor na pitanje iz poruke nametnuo se sâm od sebe, i to u vidu samih činova koji su tema ovog Biltena — razina huškačkih, prijetećih i mrzilačkih poruka koje su se ubrzo našle na tim plakatima, u količini kao ni na jednim drugima, učinila je kampanju SDSS-a uspješnom, a politički cilj ostvarenim. Bez obzira na to što SDSS nije dobio dovoljno glasova da bi dobio predstavnika u Europskom parlamentu, doista je odgovoreno na, na prvi pogled, retoričko pitanje: “Znate li kako je biti Srbin u Hrvatskoj?”. [...]

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