Vladimir Bystrov. Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi.
Review of: Vladimir Bystrov. "Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi." Prague, Bystrov a synove, 1999.335 p. by: Vladislav Moulis, Zdenek Sladek
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Review of: Vladimir Bystrov. "Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi." Prague, Bystrov a synove, 1999.335 p. by: Vladislav Moulis, Zdenek Sladek
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Review of: Vladimir Bystrov "Guide to the evil empire"(The terminological and topographical dictionary of more than 2,100 concentration, corrective labor, special, production, testing and filtration camps, prisoners of war camps, interned and special settlements established in the period from the twenties to sixties of the twentieth century in the Soviet Union, and camps that The Soviet Union organized in 1939-1950 in other countries)], Prague: Academia, 2006, 747 p. by: Lukáš Babka
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The paper deals with the security policy against spectator violence in the Czech Republic in comparison with selected Western European countries. For the purpose of comparison, French-speaking countries, whose security policy in the field is not much discussed, are chosen on purpose; these are France, Belgium and Switzerland. Attention is paid especially to measures targeted on individuals and their risk behavior rather than to relevant institutions in the field. The description of existing measures and the context of their adoption in the selected cases should lead to evaluation of the Czech security measures and to discussion whether it could be helpful to draw more inspiration in the foreign countries besides the countries typically serving as examples in the field, as England, Germany or Netherlands are.
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This paper deals with social prevention and pedagogic activities in the field of countering spectator violence (interconnected with sport). General framework of the whole issue is realized. Highly developed activities of the governmental as well as non-governmental sphere in Germany are described (streetwork, crisis intervention, individual assistance etc.). German experiences are confronted with experiences from the Czech Republic (association Pro Fotbal Fans, for example). Role of international organization is mentioned (mostly Council of Europe, UEFA and FIFA, including Fans Embassies project). Recommendations for educational sphere in the Czech Republic are included in conclusion.
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This paper deals with framework for analysis the use of sport in the right-wing extremist environment. It analyses the situation in extremist regimes and in subversive movements in various historical periods, mostly in Central European context. As main fields it identifies strengthening of identity of organizations and movements, propaganda of ideas and representatives, infiltration in the civil society and power-structures, preparation of violent activities, cover-activities and attacks against opponents.
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Child pornography is a serious negative social phenomenon and countries are trying to fight against it effectively. Virtual child pornography constitutes a subset of child pornography. It is a new phenomenon with many unresolved questions and problems. This article firstly defines basic concepts which child pornography generally involves. Furthermore, it contains the definition of virtual child pornography from the perspective of Czech law and international law (especialy from the perspective of the European Union). This article including a solution to various issues as the subject of virtual child pornography, status of virtual persons from the legal point of view, determination of their age and criminal punishment in law. Finally three case studies, reflecting current position of selected countries on the matter, are stated. These studies show how virtual child pornography is dealt with in practice. Virtual world is becoming a daily part of life and increasingly penetrating into the real world, and for this reason there is also an expanding number of society´s moral values requiring protection.
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Internet is a new space for illegal behaviour which is especially dangerous for children. One of the reasons is that communication by the Net is an easier way how to find potential child victims for producing pornographic materials. Beside this fact there is fight against distributors of child pornography and Internet users possessing child pornographic shows. There is the Convention on Cybercrime from 2001 concerning offences related to child pornography. The EU focuses on prosecution commercial sexual abuse of children. In 1997 the Joint Action was adopted to combat trafficking in human beings and sexual exploitation of children. Having regard to the initiative of the Republic of Austria from 1999 the Council of the EU decided on operations against child pornography on the Internet. The Joint Action was cancelled by council framework decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography in 2003. The aim of it was the unification of member states legal regulations in the discussed area. The states should have adopted offences concerning sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. Even there was demand on member states to apply measures by 20th January 2006. Nowadays the criminal legal regulations of the EU states in the middle of Europe – the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Hungary – is quite similar.
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Manje više je poznato da su duhovno-kulturni nosioci, inspiratori i ideolozi političkih programa srpskog velikodržavlja: Srpska akademija nauka i umjetnosti (SANU), Udruženje književnika Srbije (UKS) i Srpska pravoslavna crkva (SPC). O utjecaju i ulozi ovih institucija, kroz raznovrsne programske sadržaje koje su izgradile, na rat protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države od 1992.-1995. godine, te zločine genocida nad Bošnjacima, istina, napisan je zavidan broj radova, ali nisu do kraja, na naučno relevantan način, eksplicirani svi segmenti uloge njihovih programskih sadržaja. Također, nauka je utvrdila da su najznačajniji društveni faktori nacionalnih integracija, ne samo kod južnoslavenskih naroda, već uopće: država, kultura i crkva. Kod razvoja srpskog nacionalnog identiteta to je posebno izraženo. Na tim osnovama su i nastali nacionalno-politički, nacionalno-kulturni i nacionalno-crkveni srpski velikodržavni projekti, ne odvojeno jedan od drugog, već naprotiv, čine jedinstvenu strukturu cjeline velikosrpske nacionalne ideologije i prakse. U dosadašnjim radovima o uzrocima genocida nad Bošnjacima, akcentirani su i dosta eksplicitno analizirani utjecaji nacionalno-političkih velikosrpskih programa. Mnogo manje su naučno obrađeni genocidni sadržaji u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim programima srpskog velikodržavlja. Iz tih razloga ovom prilikom analizirat ćemo neke primjere antiracionalizma, laži, mržnje, u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim velikosrpskim programima i njihov utjecaj na zločin genocida nad Bošnjacima ne samo u ratu protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države 1992.-1995. godine već od početka tzv. nacionalno-oslobodilačkih pokreta na južnoslavenskim prostorima.
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Peer violence has recently attracted the attention of society and many experts. This topic is taking up more and more space in the mass media, so scientists are dealing with this issue, trying to realistically determine the causes that lead to the appearance of peer violence with the aim of taking preventive and intervention measures. Of the many factors that have been scientifically determined to have an impact on the occurrence of peer violence, the school stands out, which, after the family, is the most important environment for the child. The school as an educational institution with all its specifications represent a complex system that needs to adequately, competently and validly respond to the multitude of tasks, obligations and challenges that are placed before it daily and continuously. Considering the complex function of the school, shortcomings, errors and omissions that occur are an inevitable part of the system, because it is still managed by people, but one should strive to minimize risks and their impact. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the contribution of some school elements, characteristics and situations that lead to the manifestation of peer violence.
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The main purpose of the article is to investigate the approach of the literature and film of the 1920s to technological progress, in particular, the process of mechanisation and its impact on social and individual life. The analyses of Bertolt Brecht’s poem (700 Intellektuelle beten einen Öltank an) and films of the German Expressionism (Student from Prague, Golem, Metropolis) aim to recapitulate the debates dealing with technological progress and place them within the horizon of the humanities; moreover, they aim to probe their approach to thought, dominated since the 18th century, distinguishing between the concepts of culture and civilization. By applying media theory of human extensions, the article tries to determine their potential of establishing the reality. In the central part of the analysis, the role of intellectuals and artists in the appliance of social life, the machine as a prosthesis and extension of human being, and the machine as a look-alike (Doppelgänger) are discussed.
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Although misdemeanors are offenses that are characterized as less serious compared to crimes or felonies, in the case of juvenile offenders charged with a misdemeanor, a timely and adequate response is also extremely important, and should, by all means, include support and assistance for youngsters. Having in mind the above, the author has devoted the paper to the analysis of the specific position of juveniles under the Law on Misdemeanors of the Republic of Serbia, noting that in certain segments it differs significantly from the position of juvenile offenders charged with a crime. Thus, it seems that the Law on Misdemeanors does not sufficiently respect the educational needs of juveniles who are responsible for misdemeanors. On the other hand, unlike the law that refers to juvenile offenders charged with a crime/felony, the Law on Misdemeanors emphasizes the responsibility of parents and other persons obliged to take care of juveniles. The author analyzes the provisions related to juvenile imprisonment under the Law on Misdemeanors, noting that thirty days, which is the maximum length of imprisonment for juveniles, may not be enough for any sort of educational work. The normative-dogmatic and comparative method has been applied, while the paper has aimed to formulate recommendations for future improvements of legal solutions for juvenile offenders.
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The paper aims to study the prevalence and prevention of school violence. To examine the prevalence of violence, we reviewed and analyzed research papers that focused on the prevalence of school violence and prevention. The articles which were considered had students of older grades of elementary school as the research sample: the fifth grade the least. The reason for this is that most authors state that school violence is most prevalent in adolescence, but also that it decreases during later adolescence. We also analyzed papers published from 2010 to 2022, which report on research conducted in elementary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia, in the attempt to study the prevalence of violence in recent times (in our country and neighboring countries). When it comes to the prevention of violence, we considered instruction focused on the prevention of school violence as well as the highlighting of essential aspects for organizing pedagogical and psychological workshops to prevent school violence. The authors suggest organizing continuous teacher training for the prevention of school violence.
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Relevant international institutions estimate that millions of children around the world are victims of sexual abuse and exploitation each year. According to the latest global data, 18% of girls and 7.6% of boys up to the age of 18 are victims of sexual violence worldwide. European and Croatian data are also within the mentioned limits. The first step of a responsible societal response to the problem of child sexual victimization (after the creation of an appropriate legal framework) is the monitoring of the problem at the national level. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine 1. The extent of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children in Croatia, 2. the judicial practice of punishing the perpetrator, 3. the characteristics of the crime and the perpetrator, and 4. the duration of the proceedings. Data on crimes of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children were analyzed according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics in the period from 2013 to 2021. The analysis shows that the perpetrators of these crimes make up a smaller part of the total number of perpetrators and that the most common crime is sexual abuse of a child under the age of 15. Offenders of these crimes are usually sentenced to unconditional prison terms and with duration of 6 to 12 months. One-third of offenders commit crimes in concurrence of criminal offences, a smaller proportion in complicity, and one-fifth of offenders have prior convictions. The perpetrators are mainly men with completed high school education, of Croatian nationality, who are unmarried. The process from application to final judgment usually takes a year or more. The results of the analysis point to further issues that need to be investigated.
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Modern family was created as a result of social changes, which reflected on its functions as well. Family is a unique social group - "organization", that encourages the development of the entire personality, providing conditions for meeting biological, psychological, social and educational needs. Therefore, the specifics of family are: birth, development, communication, emotions, closeness, etc. We cannot choose our family; we rather get it by birth and it remains significant for life. Man is born, lives and ends his life in it. In the family, the relations of parents towards children and children towards parents are important. Having in mind modern living conditions, domestic violence is becoming more frequent and socially significant. Immense changes in social relations, rapid development of science, technology and digitalization, the life style of the youth and adults contribute to this. This accelerates the aggression and violence between the two parents, and even between parents and children. Since family upbringing relies on children identifying themselves with their parents and parents with their children, parents should act as positive role models. It is also important that parents and children participate in joint activities, to honestly discuss individual and family problems, to seek the help of experts (pedagogue, psychologist, doctor, social worker) in a timely manner. Respecting all this, the help and support of the society, that is, the state, educational institutions, recognized experts and practical experts educators should be acknowledged and accepted.
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Security studies began to be discussed in the US public after the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001 and Homeland Security Agency Established to Ensure U.S. Homeland Security. With this situation, many states have accepted that there is a need for internal security organizations. The subject of internal security, which is also sensitively examined in Turkey, was established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to meet the security needs of Turkey in the 21st century. In this study, the analyzes of various academic publications on internal security and related terrorism in Turkey were criticized positively. In addition, the importance of radicalization in internal security and related intelligence was emphasized.
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The article analyzes the memories of prisoners of war and civilians imprisoned in Nazi Germany Stammlager (Stalag) 331 (Stalag I C (Heydekrug) and Stalag Luft VI camps, the 184 Prisoner of War (POW) Camp of the NKVD and the 2652 Special POW Hospital, the Ministry of the Interior of the Lithuanian SSR (MVD) in Corrective Labour Colony Number 3. Based on the memoirs, the aim is to analyze the narratives formed by the memory (or memoirs) groups of the Macikai camps, summarizing their content and systematizing the plots that dominate them: conditions in prisons, relations with the management of the camps, attempts to escape, etc.
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The article focuses on showing the security threats generated by jihadist extremism in the Sahel region. It describes the challenges resulting from the activity of terrorist groups in this area, particularly the Islamic State of the Great Sahara and Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb. The article places these threats in the context of the determinants of endogenous problems faced by the countries of the region. It draws attention to the symbiotic relationship between extremist trends with organised crime networks. This analysis also outlines and assesses international activities undertaken, particularly with the participation of France, for security and stabilisation.
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The relevance of addressing the issue of the Finnish occupation of Karelia in 1941–1944 is caused by the intensification of discussions between Russian and Finnish historians about the essence of the Finnish occupation regime, its impact on the civilian population of the part of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic occupied by the enemy. The main dispute among the historians unfolds over the issue of the Finnish administration’s genocide policy against civilians in Karelia. While admitting the facts of crimes against the civilian population, most Finnish researchers deny the very term “genocide”, believing that the Finnish occupation regime in Karelia differed significantly from the Nazi regime established by Germany in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War. The article highlights other debatable issues between Russian and Finnish researchers: concentration camps and labor camps, the number of deaths in places of detention, facts of collaborationism among the local population, etc. The paper draws on the Russian and Finnish studies of this issue and memoirs. The novelty of the study is that it introduces declassified archival documents from the Russian state and departmental archives.
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Ziņās par vardarbību Latvijas tiešsaistes medijos ik pa laikam parādās dzīvnieki. Lai labāk izprastu, kāda ir dzīvnieku loma šajā kontekstā, tika atlasīti un analizēti 73 raksti un 220 lasītāju komentāri. Vardarbīgu uzvedību bieži vien skata kā pretēju cilvēciskumam, un dzīvnieki, dzīvnieciskums palīdz veidot morāles robežas, vērtības un zināšanas. Metaforas, salīdzinājumi un arī konteksts, kādos dzīvnieki tiek pieminēti, veido nošķīrumu starp cilvēkiem un dzīvniekiem, bet arī starp dažādām cilvēku grupām. Tajā pašā laikā dzīvniekiem un dzīvnieciskumam ir saliedējošā, empātiskā puse, kuru var izmantot nevardarbīgas uzvedības veicināšanā un zināšanu stiprināšanā par vardarbības novēršanu.
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It is more or less known that the spiritual and cultural carriers, inspirers and ideologues of the political programss of the Serbian great state are: the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), the Association of Writers of Serbia (UKS) and the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC). On the influence and role of these institutions, through the various program contents they built, on the war against the Bosnian society and state in from 1992 to 1995, and the crimes of genocide against Bosniaks, it is true, an enviable number of papers have been written, but not all segments of the role of their program contents have been fully explained in a scientifically relevant way. Also, science has determined that the most important social factors of national integration, not only in South Slavic peoples, but in general are: state, culture and church. This is particularly pronounced in the development of Serbian national identity. National-political, national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical Serbian greatstate projects were created on those bases, not separately from each other, but on the contrary, they form a unique structure of the entire Great Serbian national ideology and practice. In previous works on the causes of the genocide against Bosniaks, the influences of the national-political Great Serbian programs were emphasized and quite explicitly analyzed. The genocidal content in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of the Serbian great state has been scientifically treated much less. For these reasons, on this occasion we will analyze some examples of anti-rationalism, lies, hatred, in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of Greater Serbia and their influence on the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, not only in the war against the Bosnian society and state from 1992 to 1995, but since the beginning of the so-called national liberation movements in South Slavic areas.
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