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Determinants of Public Healthcare Units Indebtedness – the Case of Public Hospitals in Lodz

Author(s): Katarzyna Miszczyńska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The performance of healthcare in Poland, compared with the EU countries, is far from satisfactory. The indebtedness of hospitals is one of the major problems to be solved by public administration. Hospitals as autonomous healthcare units are public units and are not subject to market mechanisms. Legal regulations widely determine their independence but limit responsibility for its implementation, which leads to their uncontrolled indebtedness. That indebtedness adversely affects not only the development of healthcare but also quality of provided medical services. Constant indebtedness of the units creates a need for finding its determinants. The aim of the research is an attempt to define some factors which determine indebtedness of public healthcare units (hospitals) in Poland. The study will cover units with a similar and thus comparable profile. The study was conducted between years 2007 – 2015 with help of econometric modeling. It should be stressed that the level of indebtedness of healthcare units, and at the same time, the efficiency of their performance vary. Based on preliminary research on determinants of indebtedness there should be mentioned the following most crucial factors: hiring medical personnel, average remuneration, bed occupancy, average stay in hospital, average number of patients per bed, days of treatment per person, founders.

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The Efficiency of Health Care Systems in OECD Countries. Does it Make a Difference?

Author(s): Anatoliy Pilyavskyy,Lucie Kopecká / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this article is to compare the Efficiency of Health Care Systems in 35 OECD countries during period 2008 – 2015. The efficiency of health care system is discussed topic in many articles and it is very difficult task to find the right methods according to which to measure health care efficiency. In our case for the comparing of the efficiency of health care systems we use nonparametric method, namely Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Two different output oriented models are used. The first one is with one output: life expectancy at birth and three inputs: health expenditures, total health and social employment and number of hospitals. The second one is with two outputs: all causes of deaths and infant mortality and three inputs like in the first model. All indicators are obtained from OECD database. Comparing results for these two models, that are very similar, show that both developing and developed countries can be effective.

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Profitability of Sector Mutual Funds and ETFs during Market Development

Author(s): Martin Širůček,Jan Vystoupil,Petr Strejček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Paper is focused on the profitability of investment into IT, finance, healthcare and consumer goods oriented active and passive mutual funds and ETFs and its profit/loss on growing, stagnant and decreasing market. Attention is also focused on purpose to set a recommendation for investors what instrument bring higher return/lower loss on growing or decreasing market and if investor can expect different results according to the sector orientation, like what sector is more sensitive on bullish or bearish trend. Our result show that ETF nor passive mutual funds wasn´t able to beat the market, where sector index brings in all situations better results than these investments. On bearish trend all sector ETFs and passive mutual funds bring same results as sector index, better results bring only active managed mutual funds. The lowest loss during this period brings healthcare active managed mutual funds. On bullish/stagnant market was pretty the situation the same, but on the growing market passive funds and ETF are more profitable than active mutual funds.

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REGIONÁLNÍ DISPARITY DETERMINANT ZDRAVOTNÍHO STAVU OBYVATELSTVA KRAJE VYSOČINA A ÚSTECKÉHO KRAJE V ROCE 2006 A 2016

Author(s): Dana Hübelová ,MICHAL HOŘÍNEK,Alice Kozumplíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The level of health of the population is an important indicator of regional development, quality and competitiveness. The aim of the paper is to determine regional disparities in 5 districts of the Vysočina Region and 7 districts of the Ústí Region in 2006 and 2016. Disparities are determined according to the values of 11 demographic and 2 economic determinants of health and 4 indicators of health interventions. The composite indicator method and cluster analysis were used to compare the regions. The determinant values are better in the Vysočina Region districts in 2006 and 2016 as well. The values of economic determinants and health interventions have improved over time. Only the divorce indicator improved in demographic determinants, life expectancy increased and the proportion of deaths (circulatory system diseases and neoplasms) decreased. The adverse change in demographic sub-indicators in comparison with 2006 and 2016 means a decrease in the composite indicator values in most districts. Composite indicator growth only occurred in the districts of Havlíčkův Brod, Jihlava and Ústí nad Labem. The results of the analyses clearly show that there are still considerable disparities between the districts.

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Covid-19 Döneminde Rusya’da İşgücü Göçü

Author(s): Akif Abdullah / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Uluslararası işgücü değişimi (işgücü göçü) küresel bir olgu olup, işgücü piyasasının işleyişinin önemli bir bileşenidir. Günümüzde dünyada yaklaşık 164 milyon işçi göçmeni bulunmaktadır ve bu, tüm ülke ve bölgelerdeki toplam uluslararası göçmen sayısının yaklaşık % 60’nı, toplam işçi sayısının da % 4,7’sini oluşturmaktadır. Demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik zorluklar bağlamında, yabancı işgücünün çekilmesi ve kullanılması, ekonomik kalkınmanın gerekli bir unsuru, işgücü piyasasının ve istihdamın oluşumunda önemli bir faktördür. 2020 yılının başlangıcı, modern dünya tarihinde olağanüstü bir olayla (covid-19 pandemisi) bütün dünya olumsuz etkilenmiştir.

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АКТУАЛНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ДОПЪЛНИТЕЛНОТО ЗДРАВНО ОСИГУРЯВАНЕ ИЛИ ЗДРАВНО ЗАСТРАХОВАНЕ

Author(s): Galina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Today, supplementary health insurance in Bulgaria is a business that meets a painful and acute need for adequate medical care. It does not exempt citizens from payment of the compulsory contribution, which is charged and deducted from the monthly labor income in favor of the health fund in Bulgaria. Its users` motivation is related to the desire to have free access to the most preferred doctors, to save queues in outpatient clinics, not to depend on medical directions, and to reduce the cost of medicines in some cases. This affordable opportunity encourages the use of medical care. The supplementary health insurance in Bulgaria and second pillar of our health insurance system is entrusted to health insurance. Health insurance is a safe, flexible and increasingly preferred way of securing people in future unpleasant health situations. They provide financial security for the provision of health services that are not subject to compulsory health insurance.

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Türkiye ve AB Ülkelerinin Sağlık Hizmetleri Sistemi ve Sağlık Göstergelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Author(s): Ahmet Yılmaz Ata,Ayşe Eryer / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Sağlık, ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyesini yansıtan temel konulardan biridir. Sağlıkla alakalı olan kişi başı sağlık harcamaları, doğuşta yaşam beklentisi, ölüm oranları, sağlıkta insan kaynakları gibi göstergeler ülkelerin sağlık alanında gelişmişlik düzeylerini yansıtmaktadır. Bu bakımdan değerlendirildiğinde sağlık hizmetlerinin devletin kontrolünde olması ya da devlet aracılığıyla yürütülmesinin gerekli olduğu görülmektedir. Kamu politikaları içerisinde önem arz eden sağlık konusuna, 1980’li yıllardan beri teknolojik alanda meydana gelen gelişmelerin görülmesi, ortalama yaşam süresinin uzaması, ilaç ve tıbbi ekipmanlardaki inovatif gelişmelerin yaşanması, değişik tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, sosyal bir devlet olmanın getirdiği sorumluluklar çerçevesinde daha fazla değer verilmeye başlanmıştır.

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Küresel Finansal Kriz ve Covid-19 Pandemisi Altında Bulaşma Etkisi

Author(s): Eray Gemici / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Para politikası, optimal varlık tahsisi, risk ölçümü, sermaye yeterliliği ve varlık fiyatlandırması noktasında küresel ekonomi üzerinde önemli sonuçları olan finansal bulaşma (Çelik, 2012, s. 1946) tek bir ülke veya bir grup ülkede meydana gelen bir şokun piyasalar arası bağlantılarda belirgin bir artışa neden olmasına yol açmaktadır (Dornbusch vd., 2000:178). Bu tanıma göre, bir bulaşma etkisinin varlığı, ancak bir şoktan sonra piyasalar arası ortak hareketliğin önemli ölçüde artmasına bağlı olmakla birlikte şokun etkisiyle ortak hareketliliğin önemli bir şekilde artmadığı fakat devam eden yüksek korelasyonun varlığı sadece iki ülke ekonomisi arasında güçlü bir bağlantılılığın olduğunu göstermektedir (Forbes ve Rigobon, 2002:2224). Piyasalar arasındaki ortak hareketleri tetikleyen faktörler Karolyi (2003:184) tarafından iki şekilde kategorize edilmiştir. Bu faktörlerden birisi ortak küresel faktör olarak sanayileşmiş ülke ekonomilerindeki büyük değişim veya emtia fiyatlarında meydana gelebilecek bir şok, krizleri veya büyük sermaye akışlarını tetikleyebilmektedir. İkinci faktör ise irrasyonel bulaşma olarak adlandırılan makroekonomik veya diğer temel değişikliklerle ilgili olmayan ancak yatırımcıların veya diğer finansal kurumların davranışlarının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan finansal krizleri içermektedir.

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Sağlık Yönetimi ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi

Author(s): Şehadet Bulut / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Today, the concepts of human capital and strategic management of human resources are quite common in organizations in terms of philosophy and technique. The concept of “human capital” is considered a key element in developing an organization's assets, as it is a sustainable competitive advantage and increases the productivity of employees. Some organizational theorists apply the rules of human capital theory to demonstrate its ability to create beneficial competition among companies by developing individual human resources. Researching, evaluating and controlling human resources is more difficult than other resources of the organization because human resources are the rarest and most complex resources in the knowledge economy. Most managers focus their strategies on concrete and obvious factors of the organization such as technology, use of physical and financial resources. The development of technology, the use of modern technologies in production, new and various products, such as globalization, which emerged due to today's characteristics of the global economy, show that this situation alone cannot provide a competitive advantage to organizations. Therefore, organizations must focus on other factors such as human and intellectual capital to gain competitive advantage and improve their survival. In this study, the relationship between health management and human capital is discussed within the framework of new approaches in the developing and changing world. In the first part, the history, definition and scope of human capital, its characteristics, the relationship between human capital and economic growth, and policy recommendations for increasing human capital are included. In the second part, the relationship between health management and human capital is discussed, and health services, health management, the characteristics of the health manager, the importance of the workforce and national policies in health management are discussed.

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Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Dijital Dönüşüm

Author(s): Neşe Tosun,Rana Özyurt Kaptanoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Technological transformation is changing all life processes and habits day by day, and the health sector is also involved in this transformation. Especially in recent years, epidemics and disasters have necessitated easy access to the health system and easy use of the service. Accurate and fast access to health services has become increasingly important in this direction. The quality of health care in our country is improving day by day and digital transformation contributes to this improvement process. Among the goals of the health sector is the easy access of everyone in need to the health services they need, or the improvement of the health status of citizens by ensuring that health services are delivered quickly. In this respect, the importance of digital transformation for academics and practitioners is increasing. General rules such as information flow, networks, communication, connectivity, authenticity, transparency and participation guide both the production and use of health-related information and information. In line with this information, the aim of this study is to explain some digital health applications used in health services in Turkey by examining the digital transformation in health services on the basis of literature.

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Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Nesnelerin İnterneti (Nİ)

Author(s): Ali Göde,Fatma Nuray Kuşcu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

It is an internet communication network whenever and wherever it is integrated with education or larger systems over the Internet of Things (IoT). Traditional healthcare delivery practices IoT will be proposed, supported or replaced as the adoption of technology-enabled healthcare increases to enable healthcare to deliver flexible care models. IoT is an emerging technology that provides improvement and better solutions in the medical field such as proper medical record keeping, sampling, integration of devices and causes of diseases. IoT has the potential to renew the way doctors deliver healthcare, as more accurate and instantaneous data can be obtained through these technological network and sensor applications. IoT's sensor-based technology provides an excellent ability to reduce the risk of surgery during complex cases. It makes the surgeon's job easier by minimizing risks and increasing overall performance. In this way, confidence in health services is also increased. In general, in general, Internet (IoT)-based applications in health care services and improvement, patient improvement, health care reduction, health improvement, personal health and health care improvement, patient improvement, health care reduction, health improvement, health improvement and the potential to improve care. And this is to talk about the reality of the IoT ’in the review of healthcare.

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KRONİK HASTALIĞI OLAN ÇOCUKLAR VE AİLELERİNİN, HAK VE SORUMLULUKLARI

Author(s): Ayşegül AY / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yunancadaki “Khronos” yani zaman kelimesinden gelmekte olup sağlık sorunlarıyla ilişkili olan ve 3 ay ve üzeri süre gelen, özel eğitim, denetim, bakım ve ta kip takip gerektiren hastalık durumudur. Genetik yatkınlığı vardır ve bulaşıcı değildir. Kişisel durumlardan (stres gibi) ve çevresel faktörlerden etkilenir.

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Sağlık Kurumlarında Swot Analizi

Author(s): Fatih Budak,Mahmut Arık / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Management has to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the enterprise (FUTZ). Then the strategist will need to change his behavior in the direction of combining external opportunities with strengths, reducing threats and weaknesses in the external environment. This process is known as FUTZ analysis. Management uses FUTZ analysis to make decisions about the overall strategy of the enterprise, the system, the sector. Turkey's geographical location, qualified human resources in production and management, a strong domestic Sunday that is open to development affect the development of the health sector and the flow of foreign capital. Decreasing death and illness rates, developing population and demographic indicators, increasing awareness of health care, professionalization of health personnel, harmonization efforts with the European Union in the health sector are the strengths of the Turkish health sector. As a result of the SWOT analysis, the Directorate has more superiority (e.g.; High problem-solving ability, and solution-oriented work, having an expert and experienced team, making continuous field supervision, team spirit, having the team to be people of different professions, working in coordination with other departments, etc.) and threats (e.g.; making staff work outside their job description, opening new workspaces and increasing workload, low level of education among staff, high risk of workspaces, disruption of staff's work due to compensation assurance, etc.) it has been determined that he has.This situation reveals that the unit can implement UT (superiority-threats) strategies.As a result, it is suggested that the unit analyzed should implement strategies that will enable it to eliminate threats by using its current superior aspects. It is thought that the study will be useful for managers of health institutions who want to apply SWOT analysis working in inpatient treatment institutions besides the Kilis Provincial Health Directorate in terms of both the method and the results obtained.

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Sağlık Kurumlarında Tıbbi Dokümantasyon

Author(s): İlkay Sevinç Turaç / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Medical documentation has an important place in health institutions in terms of storing and protecting data of both the patient and the institution. Effectively kept medical records provide a quality and safe health service to patients and their relatives, while at the same time revealing the professionalism of the institution. A health institution needs an effective medical documentation system in order to optimize the health care provided and to provide quality health care. This study is designed to emphasize the importance of medical documentation in health institutions and to investigate what needs to be done to reach better quality and effective health services. In the study, the development process of medical documentation was explained, and information was given about the trainings given and the medical records that should be kept. The importance of organizing medical documentation in an electronic environment and the electronic medical record system are explained, and the advantages and disadvantages of the electronic medical record system used in health institutions are discussed. As a result of the literature review, it has been discussed in which aspects medical documentation affects health institutions and what should be done for more effective and quality health services.

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Sağlık Yönetimi Bakış Açısı ile COVID-19 Salgını Süresince Beslenme Önerileri

Author(s): Zehra Gökçe / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In the COVID-19 pandemic, the nutrition, physical activity and habits of the society are adversely affected. In this period, health services alone are not sufficient for the formation of healthy societies. Therefore, providing adequate and balanced nutrition and the main purpose of a healthy diet also affect the nutritional habits of patients with COVID-19 due to the severe symptoms and consequences of COVID-19 such as fever, nausea, respiratory distress, weakness, and changes in the perception of smell/taste. Since medicinal plants contain many active phytochemical compounds, they show antiviral effect by supporting the immune system of the host in viral diseases as well as in many diseases. However, our recommendations for the use of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine indicate that it is a preventive recommendation against infection in diseases. In the face of this epidemic, which is effective all over the world, together with national and international institutions and organizations, nutrition-related recommendations were made both in the prevention of diseases and in the treatment of sick individuals, especially the relationship of our immune system and nutrition.

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Çevre Sağlığı ve Tıbbi Atık Yönetimi

Author(s): Seda Sibel Işık,Ebru Öztürk Çopur / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

All of the environments and conditions that affect an organism are called the environment. All living things interact with the environment to survive. This interaction brings up environmental health and waste management. Developing technology, rapid population growth, change in consumption demands and the increase in therapeutic health services have led to an increase in the burden of medical waste in health institutions. Wastes generated in health institutions are classified as domestic wastes, medical wastes, hazardous wastes and radioactive wastes. Such waste may contain infectious agents, toxic chemicals and heavy metals and radioactive materials. Therefore, medical wastes pose a danger to both human and environmental health. Especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, it is necessary to provide medical waste management with appropriate legislation and methods.

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Okul Sağlığı Hizmetlerinin Sağlık Yönetimi Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Halil Atmaca / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, the latest developments in the field of research and practice in health education in schools applied in countries are evaluated and school health education is discussed in a broader framework within the framework of public health education and promotion.

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Klasik Osmanlı Türkçesine Ait Bir Tıp Kitabı: “Ùıbb-ı KimyÀ´í”

Author(s): Hacı Veli Bişkin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Since the existence of humanity, medicine has been a scientific field that has maintained its importance in human life up to the present day. Wherever humans exist, diseases have also become inevitable, and every nation's people have applied the methods that they or their predecessors used to treat and prevent diseases, either by passing them down orally or by reading and implementing written works. At this point, the science of medicine has also been of great importance for Turks and has become a scientific field. Ultimately, they have developed their unique treatment methods in the geographies where they appeared on the historical stage - in the Göktürks, Uyghurs, Seljuks, and Ottoman periods - over centuries. In doing so, they have contributed with many plants, medicines, tools, and disease names. Historical texts are an important bridge from the past to the future for nations, and these works must be examined. Medical texts are also among these historical texts, and they must be examined as well. Because the data obtained from them will also contribute to the culture and literary history of that nation. When we look at the Turkish approach to medical texts, a process that began with the Uyghurs continued with the creation of many works in Anatolia. The work named Tibb-i Kimya´i written by Omer b. Sinan el-Izniki is also one of these sources. The work, which dates back to the 18th century, was written in Classical Ottoman Turkish. In terms of medicine during this period, it was the era when Western medicine and therefore medical terminology began to enter through Arabic and Persian. In the study, while information about the author of the work is given, its content and the author's other works are also evaluated. With the study, another historical medical text from the eighteenth century was introduced, and it aimed to provide a source for scientists and researchers with a work from the Classical Ottoman Turkish period. A comprehensive study to be conducted on the work in the future can reveal its contribution, particularly in terms of plant disease and medicine names, as well as language evaluations.

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Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt’t- Tıbb’da Kanser ve Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Tedavi Yolları ile İlgili Öneriler

Author(s): Nevzat Topal / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, the cancer disease mentioned in Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt't-Tıbb (KTDT) and the recommended treatment methods for the cure of this disease are included. This work is the translation of Dâvûd-ı Antakî's famous medical book into 17th century Turkish. However, the translation includes only the third part of Antakî's translation of his work Teẕkiretü Uli'l-Elbāb ve'l-Cāmiü li'l-Acebi'l-Ucāb, whose meaning is notes to the wise, a compilation of unknowns and oddities. In the third part of the work, drugs, foods, animal products, minerals to be used for treatment are given and explained in Arabic alphabet order. In the work, drugs, their properties, their equivalents to be used in their place, the mixtures to be made from them and their usage patterns, warnings and precautions about the relevant drugs are introduced. In this respect, the work shows an intense quality of pharmacy as well as medicine. However, like all medical texts, it is seen that the work also includes subjects other than medicine and these are discussed. In the scan made in the relevant text, it was noticed that there were also data on cancer, which is one of the important health problems of today. It has been thought that the explanation and description of the treatments related to this should be considered as it is thought that it will contribute to the history of Turkish medicine, especially the history of world medicine. The data obtained need to be evaluated separately by physicians, chemists, biologists and pharmacists from the field of medicine. Therefore, the cancer treatments that will be given here are by no means intended to be a treatment recommendation. It has been tried to describe cancer-related suggestions from the knowledge of a physician who lived and wrote his work in the Ottoman borders only in the 16th century. Of course, it is hoped that the data of the study will contribute to positive sciences by examining whether it will contribute to the treatment of a disease that is feared and deadly for today by those who deal with medical science in the future.

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Afetlerin Engelli Bireylere Etkisi

Author(s): Kübra Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Disasters have led to the loss of life and property, the destruction of civilizations and mass migration since the date of their occurrence. The phenomenon of disability can be internalized at the rate of awareness of the social groups with which the disabled individual interacts. Disabled individuals in society experience problems in the fields of poverty, education, rehabilitation, transportation, physical environment and housing, accessibility. In this study, it is aimed to deal with the effects of disasters on people with disabilities. A disabled person who continues his life without encountering any difficulties in the society he lived in before the disaster may fall into a disadvantageous situation by encountering problems such as restriction of movement and access as a result of the deterioration of the existing environmental and social order due to the disaster. Individuals who are stigmatized in the social life before the disaster may not be included in the disaster management processes by being ignored. Disabled individuals who are not taken into account in pre-disaster planning and risk reduction periods and who do not participate in the process as a stakeholder experience greater problems in disaster situations. Disabled individuals face many difficulties before, during and after the disaster. Difficulties faced by persons with disabilities; Disruption of support networks such as family, friends, caregivers, damage or loss of devices such as wheelchairs, prostheses, orthoses that assist mobility, difficulties in accessing emergency assembly/shelter places and early warning or general warning messages. As a result, although the way the society is affected, the severity and the responses they can give to the impact are different, the disadvantaged groups that will be most affected are the disabled. In case of being affected by disasters, individual differences can be seen in the level of being affected. Disabled people should be asked for their opinions and needs analysis should be done for these differences that will occur according to the disability status. Especially in disaster action plan studies, it should be ensured that disabled people are a part of the preparations.

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