Slovensko a rozvojová pomoc v roku 2006

Author(s): Marián Čaučík,Zuzana Krátka,Ľudmila Pastorová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The co-shared responsibility of developed countries for global development makes countries like Slovakia consider the Official Development Assistance (ODA), an official component of its foreign policy. The issue of fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals became the agenda of the international community once again after the September 2005 UN summit in New York. The highest officials of Slovakia expressed their commitment to these goals at the summit. Thus as a member of the donor community, Slovakia is willing to contribute to solving the global issues i.e. to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve the universal primary education, to promote gender equality and empower women, to reduce child mortality, to improve maternal health, to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, to ensure environmental sustainability and to develop a global partnership for development. Moreover, the development assistance is also declared the EU’s external relations priority. The EU committed itself to reach the collective level of ODA expenses at 0.51% GNI and made clear that individual member states of the EU15 would reach the level of 0.58% GNI by 2010 and 0.7% by 2017. Having in mind the limited resources of the new member states, Commission set the individual goals for them – 0.17% ODA/GNI by 2010 and 0.33% by 2015.

Elements of Magical – Medicinal Practice. The Position of the Witch and Wizard in Slovakia

Author(s): Katarína Nádaská,Martina Sekulová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Magic is an independent phenomenon accompanying humanity in its development from the earliest times to the present, and it still has its special place in our present-day consumer society. In the earliest stages of human development, it was part of religious ceremonies, rituals and ideas, but also of the early foundations of science and knowledge of the surrounding world. However, we must sceptically state that the origin of magic is unclear. Various researchers associate magic with the oldest religious systems, in which faith in the existence of ambivalent forces changing various objects comes to the fore. Expert literature uses the Melanesian term mana for the higher transforming force. According to Vladimír Scheufler, magic is faith in an ambivalent power, which initiated individuals, that is magicians, can control with certain specific actions or words, either for good in the case of white magic or evil in the case of black magic. The actual basis of magic is faith in the possibility to influence the course of the world, but also people, animals and the spiritual world using supernatural forces. We can state that we find magic in essence to a larger or smaller extent in all the higher religious systems. For example, from the point of view of general religious studies, the celebration of Holy Mass and the Christian sacraments as well as prayer are magic acts. Magic often overlaps with psychotronic acts and there it is relatively frequent to change one into the other.

The Mediation of Poisoning. Magic Embedded in Everyday Medical Knowledge

Author(s): Emese Bálint / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For depicting one form of magic knowledge in the sixteenth century, I will use a case study to show how health, illness and healing were understood in the past, how people perceived their own bodies, and how they communicated bad conditions to others. The starting point of my presentation is a trial record from 1572, which I found in the Romanian State Archives in Cluj (Kolozsvár/Klausenburg). A woman brought the case to the court and accused her son-in-law, a barber, of poisoning his wife, the woman’s daughter. Analysing the witnesses’ depositions, I show that understanding the cause, nature and meaning of illness illustrates not only the medical pluralism of the past, but implies complex social rituals involving family and community as well.

Incantations in Medical Advice and Recipes from 16th to 18th Centuries

Author(s): Jana Skladaná / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In scholarly literature incantations are defined as set verbal units or phrases expressing superstitions that according to popular beliefs were thought to have a real effect. Incantations are probably the oldest folkloric expressions. Their origin dates far back to the Pre-Christian period. One of the earliest illustrations of their practice can be found in Persian sources. Incantations stemmed from primordial conscience according to which word and action were identical and through them one could make one’s wishes come true. Incantations are much older than prayers. They formed the basis of magical healing, love magic, driving away storms, fires and evil powers; they were part of wishes, carols and other ritual verbal expressions. Incantations differ from prayers in that that one is trying to reach the result directly, while prayer has only a mediating function, representing a link between man and God, an appeal with which a man turns to God awaiting fulfilment of his supplication. The older types of prayers used some elements of incantations. For example prayers against fever, for a good harvest and so on, in which the older pattern was only formally adjusted to the Christian ideas. For example, the person saying an incantation formula in its introductory and final part would stress that he is acting in the name of God, and there were various insertions, such as not with my, but with the help of God and so on.

Значение на психичното здраве на извършители с личностови разстройства при индивидуализация на най-тежките наказания

Author(s): Iva Pushkarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Perpetrators of extreme crime usually suffer from mental health damages which do not qualify as legal insanity. The most common among them is the mental/personality disorder. Judicial approaches towards it differ from concept that it is a sufficient condition to deny the imposition of the gravest penalty to a belief that it is a sufficient ground for imposing it as it is directly related to the perpetrator’s dangerousness. The article argues that personality disorder is a mitigating circumstance which prevents courts from choosing the gravest penalty. The article is based on a case-law study and analyses in depth a selection of cases.

History and Geography of Public Health in Moscow Region

Author(s): Svetlana M. Malkhazova,Natalia V. Shartova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of changes in population health (end of XIX – beginning of XXI centuries.), which was made for a more detailed and in-depth assessment of modern medical-geographical situation in the Moscow region (the beginning of the XXI century). Using comparative geographical and cartographic research methods analyzed indicators characterizing demographic characteristics, morbidity, pollution, socio-economic characteristics and the health care system. The changes in the population, transformed from a rural to urban, and its age structure. Changed components that regulate the natural movement of population, natural population growth in the region was replaced by natural wastage. In contrast to the current situation in the past, there was a very clear territorial confinement of the high prevalence rates for all pathologies to counties with developed industry and deterministic sources of environmental pollution. Currently, in the Moscow region such relationships are ambiguous, due to the total multifactorial influence on public health.

Sexuální výchova na českých školách

Author(s): Lucie Jarkovská / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Úvod: proč se zajímat o reprodukční práva?

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Práva žen v těhotenství, během porodu a práva rodičů v poporodním období z hlediska volby medicínské péče

Author(s): Petra Sovová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Genetický screening: Svobodná volba?

Author(s): Ivana Königsmarková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Sexuální výchova – prevence interrupcí, AIDS a cesta k odpovědnému partnerství a rodičovství

Author(s): Alexandra Jachanová Doleželová,Jozef Miskolci / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Hodnocení porodní péče z perspektivy českých žen

Author(s): Ema Hrešanová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Právní postavení porodních asistentek v ČR

Author(s): Zuzana Candigliota / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Jak se vyrovnáme s problémem protiprávních sterilizací?

Author(s): David Zahumenský / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Pracovní migrantky v České republice a nucené interrupce

Author(s): Martina Křížková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Nedostatky návrhů zdravotnických zákonů z hlediska (nejen reprodukčních) práv pacientů

Author(s): Zuzana Candigliota,Kateřina Červená / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rozhovor s Petrou Sovovou z Hnutí za aktivní mateřství o současných problémech českého porodnictví

Author(s): Anna Kotková,Petra Sovová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ranjeni tokom opsade Mostara - Statistička analiza knjiga mostarske ratne bolnice

Author(s): Ewa Tabeau / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U ovom izvještaju rezimirani su rezultati statističke analize osoba ranjenih u krvavim incidentima koji su se dogodili za vrijeme opsade istočnog Mostara u periodu od svibnja 1993. do travnja 1994. godine. Tužiteljski tim koji je pripremao predmet JADRANKO PRLIĆ I DRUGI (broj predmeta: IT-04-74) zatražio je od Odjeljenja za demografiju Ureda tužitelja izradu ove analize þiji je cilj bio podnošenje izvještaja vještaka o ranjenim osobama. Predmet ove analize su posebno Bošnjačke žrtve. Izvještaj je usredotočen na ranjene osobe s područja istočnog Mostara. To područje je mnogo manje od područja koje je obuhvatala općina Mostar prije rata. Istočni Mostar nalazi se na istoþnoj strani rijeke Neretve, uključujući tu i uski pojas kuća na zapadnoj obali u koji se većina bosanskih Muslimana preselila nakon akcija HVO-a /Hrvatsko Vijeće obrane/ protiv nehrvata 9. i 10. svibnja 1993. Muslimanska enklava u istočnom Mostaru odvojena je od ostalog dijela grada linijom sukoba između HVO-a i ABIH-a koja se proteže sjeverno i južno od Bulevara i Šantićeve ulice, do područja zapadno od rijeke Neretve. Ova enklava okružena je hrvatskim snagama na sjeveru i jugu, te snagama bosanskih Srba na istoku.

Osobe ubijene poradi opsade Mostara: Statistička analiza knjiga mostarske ratne bolnice i mostarskih matičnih knjiga umrlih

Author(s): Arve Hetland,Ewa Tabeau / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Glavni cilj aktivnosti sažetih u ovom izvještaju bio je dobivanje pouzdanih statističkih podataka o smrtnim slučajevima koji su posljedica oružanih incidenata tokom opsade Mostara od svibnja 1993. godine do (otprilike) travnja 1994. godine, te analiza obrazaca tipičnih za ove smrtne sluþajeve (po starosti, spolu, vojnom statusu, geografskom području itd.). Ovaj je izvještaj od Demografskog odjela zatražio tužiteljski tim koji priprema slučaj PRLIĆ i dr. (IT-04-74).

Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London

Author(s): George W. Leeson,Nilüfer Korkmaz Yaylagül,Suzan Yazıcı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Following the Second World War, work forces in more developed countries needed labour to reconstruct and further drive their economies, and to satisfy this demand, labour was increasingly imported from less developed countries, and the phenomenon of “labour migration” was thus born. For the receiving countries, this was a simple way to meet a transitional demand for labour, and for the sending countries – one of which was Turkey – it was a way of easing off population and unemployment pressures as well as an opportunity for generating hard foreign currency for the economy. The migrant workers were expected to provide financial support to their families left behind and to invest in their home countries (see Akgunduz, 2013:195).