Rethinking Childhood
Review of: Rethinking Childhood, ed. Peter B. Pufall and Richard P. Unsworth, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London 2004., 292 pp.; by: Jelena Marković
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Review of: Rethinking Childhood, ed. Peter B. Pufall and Richard P. Unsworth, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London 2004., 292 pp.; by: Jelena Marković
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The article analyses the relations between man and food in terms of how the production of food in the process of practicing urban agriculture transforms into a process of building social relations – intensification of the interaction and communication between people, creating trust and mutual aid between them and establishing social communities in an urban environment. The data here presented are results of sociological research (in-depth interviews and focus groups) conducted within the project “Urban Agricultural as a Strategy for Improving the Quality of Life of theUrban Communities” funded by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria. The data refers to practices of urban agriculture on the territory of the Sofia Municipality. The emphasis in the article is placed on one of the widespread practices in the Bulgarian capital – communal/shared public gardens.
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The Lucijanić family from the village of Vučjak near Karlovac was among the last ones organized on zadruga principle. Their way of life, their possessions, residence and farm buildings were described by Vjekoslav Jurmić in 1935 (but published only in 1960). The author of this article undertook research among the Lucijanićs from 1961 to 1964 and again in 1984, in order to find out about their destiny after 1935: the zadruga division in 1938 and its causes, life after the break up, and the final disappearance of the common hearth in 1969. While studying land ownership records, the author has discovered the surprising fact that the Lucijanić family de jure ceased to be a zadruga as early as 1892. From that time onwards, legal records have considered them co-owners, while they de facto continued to live as a single household for almost half a century longer.
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Reality in which women raising adults with profound intellectual disabilities function for years is the world hidden in their family homes, in the “four walls”. It is a reality about which there are many truths in the social opinion, especially in media messages. It is a reality marked by suffering. And here the case seems to be closed, and mother stays alone with her adult son or daughter with profound intellectual disability. Motherhood to an adult person with one of the most severe forms of disability is a motherhood that varies from the generally accepted model of motherhood, which is in a way related to “being together” with her own child. The article will attempt to show the everyday reality characterized by “being together” of a mother and an adult daughter, a son with a profound intellectual disability.
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Die Stellung der Frau in der Geselschaft und in der Familie können wir nur in enger Abhängigkeit von der Stellung der Familienmitglieder beider Geschlechter und der Entwicklung der Familie als ein gesellschaftlicher Organismus und Profil einer traditionsgemässen Umgebung, wo entsprechende Familienstrukturen bestehen, betrachten. Dorfgemeinschaften konnten wir noch bis vor kurzem wegen der bestehenden kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Unterschiede im Vergleich zu grösseren urbanen Mitten und wegen der Gleichheit der traditionellen Charakteristiken und Normen als ein Traditionsgebiet anshen.
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The Nordic countries are highly ranked in different statistical surveys on welfare and policy on a fairer distribution of income among different groups in the society. In social policy we talk about a Scandinavian model aiming to give the citizens basic economic and social security to reduce poverty. This model includes general and selective policies in areas as housing, income and social issues. The state is the main deliver of welfare services, even if private providers funded by the state are taking a bigger part of the delivery today. There are transfer payment to different groups, as families with children who get child allowances. The aim is to create good living conditions with equal opportunitiesto education and future life. During the last decade the welfare policy has been questioned and we have seen a development towards a more restricted welfare policy. Different statistics point at rising gaps of income between social groups in the Nordic societies. During an expert seminar on child poverty in the Nordic countries in the end of 2009, organized by the Swedish National Committee of the International Council of Social Welfare (ICSW), scholars and representatives from authorities and NGOs from the Nordic member organizations met in orderto compare the situation in their respectively country. One topic ofdiscussion was how to measure child poverty and what impact different measures have. In this article I will use this conference as a starting point when I discuss different definitions of child poverty and the prevalence of child poverty in the Nordic countries. [...]
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The model of verbal interaction, created during the 60s of the 20th century within the frame of the Conversation Analysis sociological approach represents communication as a mutual interactive product where any utterance is depicted as both depending on the previous (verbal or non-verbal) event and determining the next one. The notion of language as a social activity whose meaningfulness is generated in the course of each particular communicative situation through alternating verbal initiative and response has evolved in contemporary modifications of conversation analysis into several key tendencies, with respect to modern linguistic and didactic sciences, namely: intercultural studies and research on second language acquisition both in the traditional face-to-face context and in the context of different electronically mediated interactions.
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At the centre of this report is the problem of the professional and personal reflection of the teacher. The practice of the Faculty of Education at Trakia University n Stara Zagora to direct the attention of current and future teachers and to develop their skills for professional reflection and self-improvement is presented.This practice is based on the inclusion in the curriculum of the Master’s programs “Pre-primary and Primary School Education” and “Primary School Education with Foreign language” of the discipline “Pedevtology”. The problems involved in the discipline “Pedevtology” are a necessary and important part of the teacher‘s overall professional and pedagogical training. It has an essential role in shaping professional worldview, value orientation, self-esteem, and is one of the means for its professionalization and improvement.
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The article analyzes the social implications of the globalization process and the atypical interventions that occurred during childhood. The focus is on the need for modern practices to preserve the constructive balance of social interaction, that will be able to neutralize and resist threats from the negative social consequences; of practices that will be able to turn pedagogy into a protected area inaccessible to the destructive impact on adolescents. Pre-primary education programs provide for instrumental and procedural criteria for the child‘s social activity. In this regard, the process of childhood intersubjectivity, which is only conceivable in the context of coexistence, of communication with others, that is to say in a prosocial context, acquires special importance for the pedagogical interaction in the kindergarten.
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By means of archive sources, literature and Contemporary neivspapers, the author explores the time when also in the territory of the former Drava Banate much attention was paid to the population policy. The precondition for its successful implementation was effective health and social protection of mothers and children, reflected in the founding of new health and social institutions and training of professional staff, which would also raise awareness and educate especially the poor mothers in the field.
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The author of the following article focuses on the first period in the Slovenian society after World War II, when the so-called new people's authorities attempted to legally implement the promises of social justice for all the citizens of the new state. It pursued this goal in accordance with the model of the first socialist state - the Soviet Union. The period under consideration, when the changes were introduced gradually, is the time of centralised management of health and social care, when all citizens were supposed to be entitled to this care. Naturally, those who sided with the winners had privileges, while the opposition was disfavoured. The author also touches upon this issue. She concludes the period in question with the year 1953, when the process of the "socialisation" of health and social services and their harmonisation with the socialist order had already begun.
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During the Second World War, the residents of Ljubljana suffered irregular food supplies as well as a shortage of other basic commodities. A series of measures introduced by local authorities, with penalties for non-compliance, compelled them to economise on heating, lighting and even water consumption. Shortages and rationing of basic commodities made peoples lives very difficult, and changed the external appearance of the city. On the basis of archive sources and newspapers, the author examines the supplying of Ljubljana with gas, electricity, kerosene, water and petrol during the Second World War.
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While sexual and gender self-determination became an inseparable part of the official state policies in the Western world, the opposite process of the retradicionalization of gender and sexual norms occurred in Lithuania during the last decade. It is comprised of an ineffective partnership law for either heterosexual or same-sex couples, the enactment of the discriminatory Law on the Protection of Minors against the Detrimental Effects of Public Information (the last version approved in 2011), the refusal to implement sex reassignment law and to ratify the Istanbul Convention and continuous attempts to prohibit abortions by the current Parliament of Lithuania. Neoconservative NGOs such as the “Institute of Free Society” and “Lithuanian Association of Human Rights” disseminating everyday sexism, homophobia and transphobia have also been popping up recently. The current Parliament discussions on sexual addictions and prohibitions of advertising of sexual commodities such as condoms or sex toys also point to intensifying attempts to regulate sexual market. In this context of state and institutional regulation of sexuality, this article focuses on alternative intimacies and sexual practices from a bottom-up perspective. In describing alternative intimacies, I use the term “precarious” to emphasize a necessary relation between sexual and gender norms and the historically shaped distribution of vulnerability across LGBTQ+ sexualities and bodies. By analyzing my own sociological novel Endless Summer: A Memoir of Love and Sex (2017) that contains a specific postsocialist sexual ethnography, I not only examine the ways in which Lithuania’s socio-economic and political institutions produce unequal conditions for different intimate behaviors but also detail how vulnerable communities create possibilities of love and sex amidst the toxic political waste of failed sexual revolution.
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The paper discusses the socio-political and economic efforts of the Peasant Alliance to secure social protection for peasant population. The author’s main concern is to present different proposals for a draft social welfare law within the framework of the clerical peasant movement during the period 1929—1941. The analysis of the causes of the decline of agrarian population shows why social welfare contributions could not be paid. It is concluded that by 1941 the question of social welfare still remained unresolved.
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The professional activities of the clinical nurse are an important risk factor for the rise of infections due to medical service (IDMS), since a great part of them are due to direct contact with the patients.The basic hygienic care is part of the risky activities for the rise of infections, if it does not correspond to the standards of quality and safety.This study has shown a negative tendency to refuse to perform hygiene care, which poses a serious challenge to their optimization.The introduced alternative methods of hygiene for the severely ill in European hospitals, waterless bathing or dry bathing, significantly reduce the risk of infections, saves time, make the activity more attractive and increase the patients’ safety, comfort and satisfaction.
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The author discusses some ways of solving social problems of the working class in Slovenia from the beginning of industrialization in the middle of the 19th century to the break up of Austria-Hungary and the establishment of Yugoslavia. Then the development of social policy in Slovenia in the framework of Yugoslavia up to 1941 is studied.
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Taking into account the variety of potential visions of sexuality, modern ethical standards, the dissimilarity of vital women and man ethos, and the transformation of modern morality, in spite of a distaste for the religious environment, the right to marriage should be connected with the right the dissolution of a marriage. The postulated equality means equality of this law for both woman and man, which was historically connected with different entitlements.
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This paper deals with the agricultural production of social security. By representing a rural case study from Central Serbia, it contributes to the economic history of post-socialist former Yugoslavia and explores the conditions of the possibility for social alternatives to neo-capitalism. In the case study, a male actor - embedded within family and wider social networks - successfully accommodates the adverse macroeconomic conditions through hard work, micromanagement of limited resources, and the production of social relations. He also combines new micro-spatial fixings - productive facilities - with revaluing morally depreciated older ones. In sum, this case study shows how networks of actors can invest their energy into reversing the moral depreciation of labor and capital under conditions of capitalist competition and growing inequality. These practices point to an emancipation from the in egalitarian moral economy of capitalism, a process I conceptualize as “moral appreciation”. As its goal emerges the production of a relatively egalitarian society within the lived space of the urban-village continuum.
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The occurrence of international child abductions is not of a recent age, although the term “abduction” is of a relatively recent date. By studying ancient legal sources (Roman law, rights in ancient Greece, rights in Mesopotamia etc.) legal fragments are found that refer to parents who “take their child”, parents who “keep their child”, parents to whom the child “belongs” or similar. International abduction, or illegal removal of a child from one country to another, is a problem which entails a series of open questions closely related to the child’s personality, while legally speaking, such a phenomenon leads to the conflict of laws and jurisdictions between different states, or the state of the child’s usual residence and state in which the child is taken unlawfully.States tend to come up with the best solutions regulating the conflict of laws and jurisdictions between states, trough the prism of the international law, including the achievements of the Hague Convention on the civil rights aspects of international child abductions.
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