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4.50 €

ПРАЗНИКЪТ „КАЛИНИЦА” В КОНТЕКСТА НА ЛОКАЛНИТЕ ПОЛИТИКИ ЗА КОНСТРУИРАНЕ НА КУЛТУРНО НАСЛЕДСТВО В АСЕНОВГРАД

Author(s): Zlatina Bogdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The "Kalinitsa" festival is an example of the revival of a local tradition, which acquires new life by interpreting it as part of the cultural heritage of Assenovgrad. The "little Jerusalem" is the popular nickname of the town, reflecting a shared idea of centuries-old Orthodox culture, many churches, monasteries and chapels in the town and its surroundings. The project “Assenovgrad – the sacred gate of the Rhodopes” and the routes of pilgrimage tourism in “The Rhodope Holy Mountain” highlight these characteristics of the region. Integrated in the cultural calendar of the town, "Kalinitsa" is now a representative festival, utilized to become one of the tourist attractions. Except in print media, this event is promoted through the Facebook profile of the Tourist Information Centre at the Municipality. In the context of these policies of constructing cultural heritage and turning it into an attractive tourist product, the author presents a cultural practice and a revived tradition, surpassing the original legend. The aim of the study is to determine how "Kalinitsa" is reconstructed nowadays, what are the main functions and the importance that the local community attributes to it. The analysis identifies the main discourses associated with this holiday, paying attention to the role of collective and individual memory in shaping modern practices and models of celebration in the community. In the disclosure of all aspects of this tradition the author leans upon personal observations, stories of participants and earlier ethnographic studies.

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ИНСТИТУЦИИТЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ МИГРАНТСКИ ОБЩНОСТИ В ЧУЖБИНА И СЪХРАНЯВАНЕТО НА КУЛТУРНОТО НИ НАСЛЕДСТВО

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text is an attempt to present a typology of the migrant community institutions in regard to: 1) their institutional categorization, i.e., if they are official or informal; 2) their purposefulness, i.e., regarding their regulation goals. The research is related to the project 'Cultural heritage in migration. Models of consolidation and institutionalization of the Bulgarian communities abroad', financed by the Scientific Research Fund.

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КУЛТУРНОТО НАСЛЕДСТВО КАТО РЕСУРС В ИКОНОМИКАТА. ПРИМЕРЪТ НА МАЛКИ ХЛЕБОПЕКАРНИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Ivanka Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The trends of healthy nutrition spreading worldwide can be observed by the example of the extending consumer niche, oriented to the demand for bread, made by hand and baked in small bakeries. The entrepreneurs, owners of such bakeries I investigated in 2015, claim that in the process of their professional work and by its results they have been endeavoring to fit in that niche oriented to healthy and nature-conforming nutrition. Apart from laying emphasis on the use of maximum high quality products in bread-making, they also apply cultural approaches in order to construct the image of bread as a cultural value, inherited from the past, and to conceptualize the ways and technologies of its production as social actions marking “a return to traditions”. The entrepreneurs display the production and marketing of a product of a very high symbolic value, exceeding and even incomparable with its market value. In this way small bread-makers practically become part in the generation of cultural heritage. The article presents some cultural approaches of small bread-makers in Bulgaria, whereby bread-making has been constructed as cultural heritage. I identified these approaches in the self-presentation of the members of the branch organization “Bulgarian Guild of Bakers” (constituted in 2014) during their participation in the Crafts Fair in Plovdiv in April 2015. For the theoretical framework of my research I rely on the concepts of cultural heritage and its construction and instrumentalization, developed by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, David Lowenthal, Herman Bausinger, Ingo Schneider and Robert Pekham.

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Kulturno-umjetnička društva Lašvanske doline

Author(s): Vladimir Grganović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The Croatian country people from Jajce to Bila over the centuries wore the same national costumes, varying only in single tiny details in men and women’s dress. Traditional tunes have been preserved in singing by folklore clubs in this region and are types of older or recent polyphone praxis. Heterogeneousness and creativity are expressed in forming strophe-melodiousness and short and long song-sentence. The poetic text is mostly primary, but often the text is subordinated to the expression of the melody. In the article folk clubs in Lašva’s Valley are described as keeping vivid traditional folk memory: Paklarevo, Napredak Novi Travnik and Vitez, KUD “Žena” from Nova Bila, and the most famous ”Sloga” from Guča Gora, also renowned outside Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Tradicijski nakit Hrvata Lašvanske doline iz 19. i početka 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Zvonko Martić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Traditionalistic ornaments made by Croats who lived along river Lašva in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century are to be divided according residence: rural or urban ornaments worn by men and women; but also according to body parts when single ornament objects were worn. People didn’t use the word “nakit”, but gizdanje (decoration) – the present participle of the verb meaning the act of decorating or adorning something, Special ornaments of silver for the chest were called stamp (kov); there were three types and had not only an aesthetic purpose, but also served as boxes for blessed objects. Ornamental objects as craft art products have an immanent meaning in communication with family and a wider social community, like lending ornaments to poor girls, but some ornaments functioned as signs of betrothal. An Ornament is also the discrete right of women to free disposal. Generally common people give more importance to dress than to ornaments.

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Mestská patrónka sv. Alžbeta ako bod stretnutia dynastickej a meštianskej tradície v stredovekých Košiciach

Author(s): Katarína Nádaská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Identitu stredovekého mesta veľmi silno utváral jeho patrón. Mal charakter bytostne typický pre dané mestské sídlo. Predsa v inštitúcii mestského patróna nachádzame rôzne cudzie prvky, ktoré sa museli stretnúť, komunikovať a premiešať, aby kult patróna dostal podobu typickú pre dané mesto.

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Introduction

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Magic in the past in its various forms, perceptions and definitions has been a popular subject of modern Western scholarship for a long time. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in contrast, the issue of magic is still a rather neglected area of study. Apart from the study of witchcraft and apart from ethnologists or anthropologists, whose research interests usually include present or recent case studies and phenomena, the subject of magic has not yet received due attention from historians and other scholars of the humanities of the region. This can be partly explained by the fact that while communist policy with its stress on the class struggle preferred certain topics, mainly political, economic and social history, it practically brought other fields and research interests to a standstill.

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Research Problems of Magical Texts in Central Europe

Author(s): Benedek Láng / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In his fundamental article on the diffusion of Arabic magical texts in Western Europe, David Pingree made a remarkable observation. He noticed that copies of magical texts “found an attentive audience only after about (...) 1400 in Central Europe.” The research I have been carrying out in the latest years is closely related to Pingree’s remark. My investigations focus on Central European sources of learned magic found in 15th century manuscripts. These texts include a wide variety of branches from the relatively innocent practices of natural magic, which operates with the secret correspondences of the world and with the marvellous properties of its objects (to be found in lapidaries, bestiaries, books of marvels, and books of secrets), through the more manipulative methods of image magic or talismanic magic (presented in the famous Picatrix, in Thebit ben Corath’s De imaginibus, in a range of hermetic texts), to arrive finally at the practices of ritual magic, that is the science of acquiring knowledge about unknown, future, and hidden phenomena with the help of the invocation of angels and demons.

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The Magic of Image: Astrological, Alchemical and Magical Symbolism at the Court of Wenceslas IV

Author(s): Milena Bartlová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Czech Renaissance man of letters Václav Hájek of Libočany explained the representations of kingfishers and half naked bathmaidens that he saw painted on some Prague buildings, as records of saucy affairs from the life of the King Bohemia Wenceslas IV. He developed in this way the image of a bad and immoral ruler, coined by the many political and religious enemies acquired by Wenceslas during the almost forty years of his turbulent rule around the year 1400. Three and a half centuries later, Julius Schlosser, the art historian writing in Freud’s Vienna in the 80s of the 19th century, recognized an extensive group of similar symbolic images in the margins of Wenceslas’ illuminated codices. He called them emblems and explained them as a form of aesthetic sublimation of the erotic relationship between the king and his second wife Sophia of Bavaria. In the 1960s, the Czech art historian Josef Krása recognized the deepest sense of the complex symbolic meanings of these images in a celebration of natural life, as opposed to the fetters of social conventions.

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An Outline History of Alchemy in Slovakia.

Author(s): Miloš Jesenský / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The theme of the history of alchemy is usually neglected by historians in Slovakia or regarded in the context of the history of science and technology as marginal. However, irrespective of this point of view, it is possible to record the existence of alchemy, regarded in the literature of the time sometimes as an art (ars) and sometimes as a science (scientia), and its turbulent flourishing in the Renaissance period and later, whether in European or Slovak history. It had an important influence on contemporary society, including science, culture and politics and analysis of this area would require more detailed research. There are various works devoted to aspects of this problem in Slovakia, dealing with alchemy in the context of the history of the natural sciences in Slovakia, but a general work summarizing the partial findings has not been published so far, in contrast to Czech and Polish historiography.

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Magic Features in Johann Heinrich Alsted´s Apocalyptics

Author(s): Olga Lukács / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Chiliasm or millenarianism is nothing else but eschatology contemplated on the Earth, a doctrine about final things, which includes also the Last Judgement. We can find several allusions to this event in the Scriptures. A number of people have declared the nearness of that terrible hour; we think of the Last Day, of Heaven and Hell. These issues are connected with the return of Jesus, the resurrection of the dead, the end of the World, eternity and with the forthcoming Kingdom of God. Several theologians interpret Christ’s return (resurrection) as the age of perfect welfare and peace within the framework of a given empire on Earth. As the Apocrypha (e.g. the Letter of Barnabas, Book of Enoch etc.) says, this Heavenly state is just a period of transition between the existing time and eternity.

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The Role of Black Magic in Controlling Social Balance in Moldavian Chango Villages

Author(s): Peti Lehel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is designed to show some rituals succeeding theft of the Moldavian Chango villages, which have been practiced with the same features presumably since the 19th century. We attempt to explain the social historical causes of the “cultural conservation,” for this reason we try to outline the historical context in which these offensive magic rituals have taken shape. In Moldavia there was no witch-hunt and the reason for this fact is questionable. Perhaps there was not because this method of curing was not known and practiced by the elite, by the Church, or probably because the adequate popular beliefs and institutions, which could have supported it, were lacking. Without the records from the witch-hunts we have hardly any sources about the bygone role of magic. As a result of the socio-economic isolation the waves of modernization were fairly late in this region, therefore many elements of the practice of magic have remained with medieval continuity up to now. Thus we can nevertheless identify the past features from the techniques being practiced today and from their narratives kept in the collective remembrance. Although we have still not analysed the functioning of the system as a whole, we can draw attention to some significant characteristics. This is especially justified, since an intensive modernization of Moldavia is now in progress, which has taken decades in the case of other regions and ethnic groups. Owing to the loss of language being advanced because of assimilation, those narratives from which we could reconstruct the past features of the magic penal system and from which we could interpret its present forms of realization could disappear within a short time.

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Popular Piety and Magic in Hungary in the 17th Century

Author(s): Ingrid Kušniráková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the 17th century, the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into two parts. The Turkish army occupied the larger part, and the Habsburgs controlled only the approximate area of present day Slovakia and the northwestern part of present day Hungary. The frontier between these territories frequently changed. As a result of the religious and political development, five important confessions existed in the country in this period alongside each other and each of them cultivated its own forms and expressions of piety. The wide range of problems going beyond the possibilities of one paper, the absence of specialized studies and the inadequate level of present knowledge do not enable the production of an account of the formation of popular piety in Hungary in its whole breadth and complexity. The paper will trace only those forms of piety and expressions of magic associated with the Roman Catholic Church and exclusively in the territories where the Habsburgs exercised royal jurisdiction in the 17th century.

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BOŞNAK HALK EDEBİYATININ ANLATI TÜRLERİ VE TASNİFİ ÜZERİNE BAZI DİKKATLER

Author(s): Ahmet Saçkesen / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Folk literature, as it collectively builds up over many centuries , is a manifestation of a society's way of living and its cultural values. Therefore analysis and interpretation of narratives like tales, legends, stories and epics have historically been regarded as of high importance in folklore.

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AZERBAYCAN GELENEĞİNDE DESTANIN SONU (DUVAKKAPMA)

Author(s): Arzu Özge Kartallıoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this paper, the duvakkapamas in Azerbaijan literature are evaluated in terms of semantic and structure with the given examples.

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Larp "College of Wizardry" jako produkt i platforma aktywizmu społecznego

Author(s): Michał Mochocki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

"College of Wizardry" (2014) is presented in Michał Mochocki’s chapter as an activist live action role-playing game and, at the same time, a product of social activism. This is a product that brings social justice into the gaming community with the aim to create inclusivity and acceptance for underprivileged or marginalized groups. Using extensive online communications, all scenerios and character roles were created by a huge collective of players, game creators and spokespersons for the activist groups. This effort was put together to meet the expectations expressed by the representatives and spokespersons of the underprivileged and marginalized. The official game packaging and contents include a design document with commentaries and explanations are of an ideological in nature, e.g., statements concerning gender and the LGBTQ equality. Adding a new region, new school and 20 years of recent history to the Potterverse, the creators highlighted inequalities and social tensions that underpin the discourse against privilege and

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Dal falso storico alla falsificazione del vero mito: il caso del canto O e bukura More

Author(s): Matteo Mandalá / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

La regione menzionata nel testo di questo celeberrimo canto è, evidentemente, quella del Peloponneso. Ma se si legge attentamente il testo nella sua versione integrale...

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Les stratégies de la vie quotidienne des agriculteurs polonais

Author(s): Zbigniew Drąg / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article raises the issue of the quality of life of Polish farmers in the context of ongoing globalization processes. Globalization brings with it new phenomena and processes that reorganize human lives and may be perceived as threats and challenges. Does the increased sense of threats and challenges of globalization worsen the quality of one’s live, defined in subjective terms as mental well-being? The author analyzes the above issue, referring to the results of a study conducted in 2017 on a representative sample of 3,551 family farmers. Mental well-being is analyzed with reference to general life satisfaction, sense of optimism, social support, and internal harmony; in turn, the threats and challenges of globalization are studied in the context of one’s work, finances, cultural life and other spheres. It turns out that an increase of threats and challenges as perceived by farmers was accompanied by enhanced mental well-being. The decisive factors here were the strategies adopted by farmers to control globalization changes: active v passive (avoidance). Assuming that knowledge about globalization threats and challenges is an important way to control them, adaptive activism (related to the disposition of actively obtaining information about new situations) was adopted as an indicator of an active strategy. In turn, recognition of emotional religiosity as an indicator of an avoidance strategy resulted from an assumption that the consequence of the inability to control changes based on a rational factor may be turning to a transcendent factor as providing hope for protection against something new and incomprehensible. Both types of responses could be used by farmers simultaneously, depending on the situation. Thanks to this, their psychological well-being has not decreased in the conditions of globalization changes.

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Le village et la culture folklorique en Pologne centrale (étude empirique)

Author(s): Anna Matuchniak-Mystkowska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The text is dedicated to folk culture in the regions of Sieradz and Piotrków Trybunalski, located in central Poland. It presents an empirical research study on lifestyles, customs, art and their intergenerational transmission in multigenerational families through the cultural system I – the familial one and II – local institutions (ethnographic museums, schools).

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A Parallel Study of Romanian and Italian Traditional Culture

Author(s): Aurelia Sabiescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Through his enduring work and innovative forays as a pioneering researcher and true intellectual, De Martino remains a prolific culture maker and a pioneer in the field of ethno-anthropology, contributing to a remarkable extent, including advancing research in the field and continuing to stimulate, in a substantial way, those interested in following his path. In addition to his vast theoretical background, De Martino’s genuine personality has always guided him to a form of knowledge based on experience, with his field research developing innovative methodological approaches - even through the integration of new technologies – confirming De Martino as a true guide in applied ethnological research. Through the extensive use of photography as an essential tool for critical analysis of scientific evidence, all research techniques undergo transformation. The author advocates for the necessity of expanding the study of De Martino’s work within Romanian academia, particularly focusing on the relationship of the Italian scholar with Romanian folklore, treated and viewed in comparison with the forms of manifestation of Italian popular culture. In this exploration, fascinating aspects and similarities of tarantism with the ritual elements of the Romanian Căluș can be detected. The Căluș dance, included in UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2005), stands as an important national emblem and a symbol of Romanian identity.

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