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Morálne základy sporu o sociálnu spravodlivosť na Slovensku

Author(s): Andrej Findor,Zuzana Maďarová,Alexandra Ostertágová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Mediálne titulky naznačujú, že vyostrovanie názorov sa stáva neprehliadnuteľným javom v spoločnosti na Slovensku. Pola ri začné tendencie možno dlhodobo sledovať vo verejných diskusiách o ľudských právach rómskeho obyvateľstva, sexuál nych menšín, o rodovej rovnosti či sociálnej spravodlivosti. Súčasťou javu a zároveň jeho dôsledkom je vzájomné nepochopenie, nemožnosť diskusie a neschopnosť hľadať efektívne riešenia. V tejto situácii môže byť prínosné pozrieť sa na podstatu aktuálnych sporov z pohľadu, ktorý na Slovensku ešte nie je etablovaný – z pohľadu t eórie morálnych základov, ktorá ponúka možnosti empiricky skúmať asymetrický vzťah medzi intuitívnymi morálnymi súdmi a morálnym uvažovaním. Rozpoznanie morálnej plura lity, teda rozmanitosti morálneho cítenia, ktorá stojí v centre teórie, môže zohrať dôležitú úlohu v pochopení a potenciálnom zmiernení spo ločenských konfliktov vrátane sporu o sociálnu spravodlivosť.

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Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013 ako pramenná databáza pre analýzu situácie Rómov na Slovensku a jeho potenciál pre ďalšie výskumy a analýzy

Author(s): Alexander Mušinka,Kvetoslava Matlovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vo svojom príspevku by sme čitateľom radi predstavili niekto ré vybrané údaje z nedávno skončeného celoslovenského výskumu nazývaného Atlas rómskych komunít na Slovensku 2013. Ide o dosiaľ najrozsiahlejší výskum zameraný na sledovanie vybraných ukazovateľov vo vzťahu k rómskym komunitám a príspevok je iba jedným z prvých výberových výstupov výskumu. Základné zistenia, ako aj stručná metodika výskumu tvoria obsah záverečnej publikácie vydanej v roku 2014 Rozvojovým programom OSN (Mušinka et al., 2014). Uvedená publi kácia sa primárne orientuje na širšiu verejnosť a nemala ambíciu detailne prezentovať niekto ré metodologické a interpretačné rámce výskumu. Predpokladáme, že obsiahle a kvalitou i obsahom rôznorodé zdrojové dáta výsku mu budú (a čiastočne už aj sú) dostupné akademickej obci na ďal šie spracovanie, a preto v prvej časti príspevku považujeme za dô ležité bližšie objasniť terminologické a metodologické prístupy autorov výskumu, ktoré priamo ovplyvňujú spôsoby spracovania a interpretácie zdrojových dát. Autori príspevku sa podieľali na kreovaní, reali zácii a spracovaní Atlasu 2013 a radi by poukázali na potenciál, ako aj limity spraco vávania získaných dát.

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Čierno-biele svety. Idey, optiky, koncepty a výzvy

Author(s): Tatiana Zachar Podolinská / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Publikácia Čierno-biele svety. Rómovia v majoritnej spoločnosti na Slovensku prichádza na slovenský a český odborný trh po sústredenom úsilí jej autorov a editorov. Ide o rozsiahle a systematické dielo, vychádzajúce z originálnych výskumov zameraných na rómske štúdiá naprieč spoločenskými a humanitnými disciplínami (etnografia, sociálna a kultúrna antropológia, aplikovaná a angažovaná antropológia, filozofia, história, sociológia, lingvistika a religionistika).1 Naším cieľom nebolo podať vyčerpávajúci pohľad či prehľad o rómskych štúdiách na Slovensku, čo napokon nie je dosť dobre ani možné. Išlo nám skôr o interdisciplinárne, z rôznych strán nasvietené výsledky aktuálnych výskumov v tejto oblasti. Našou podmienkou akceptovania rukopisu do publikácie boli nielen originálne interpretované dáta z autorských výskumov (terénnych, archívnych a iných), ale aj práca s aktuálnymi teoretickými konceptmi zo sociálnych a humanitných vied. Snažili sme sa dodržať paritný balans medzi okruhmi tém, medzi disciplínami (spoločenské a humanitné), ako i metódami.2 Pri príprave knihy sme požiadali o spoluprácu aj českých kolegov a prizvali sme aj jednu expertku a dvoch expertov zo zahraničia. Naším cieľom bolo zostaviť čo najkompetentnejší kolektív autoriek a auto rov, ktorí sa aktuálne venujú rómskym štúdiám na Slovensku alebo ktorí robili výskumy medzi Rómami na Slovensku.

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Tvůrčí činnost dvou českých badatelů o „literárním Slezsku“

Author(s): Libor Pavera / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The topic of the following article is the history of research concerning the “literary Silesia” from the perspective of the Czech history of literature and folklore. The author emphasizes the fact that in the 20th century, Jan Malicki made substantial contributions to the state of the discipline on the Polish side, while Antonín Satke and Drahomír Šajtar contributed on the Czech side – the former in folklore studies, the latter in literary theory. Moreover, Šajtar popularized this interesting, interdisciplinary topic that Bridges several research areas (folklore, literature, ethnography, institutions, economic history, etc.). In addition, Šajtar created the program devoted to studying folklore in Silesia. The article, then, attempts to remind the readers about these two important figures in the study of the “literary Silesia” and its heritage.

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Проблематика ритуала литијског опхода у светлу новијих истраживања

Author(s): Ivica Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The ceremonial act of procession - before its banning subsequent to World War II - was widespread on the Serbian ethnic territory as one of the most important rituals. This phenomenon features a whole range of exceptionally interesting characteristics which have never been scientifically investigated: from the specific ways of structuring the ritual procession path to the intricate mythical complex accompanying the ritual. The results of years-long research of this phenomenon point to its multi-layered semantic and structural makeup. The contemplated ritual may therefore be used as a key in solving numerous dilemmas relating, on the one hand, to the research of the Serbian folk religion, and, on the other, to the research of the mythical/ritual systems structure in general. The function of the procession ritual was to provide a tight social unity of the rural community and favourable weather conditions for a fertile year. On the semantic plane, this ritual is exceptionally complex, with a number of connotation levels which all together make up a unique mythic-ritual text. In terms of mythological analysis, the most significant mythical determinants to be singled out here are the magic circle, the sacred trees, and the lord o f the weather, with a deeper mythological layer relating to the global cycle of annual folkways. Also met with in this ritual are the elements of diverse cults (agricultural, solar, vegetational, ancestor worship, etc.). Structural and semantic analyses of the procession ritual have revealed a spectrum of syntagmatic expressions and paradigmatic possibilities of the analyzed phenomenon, with an emphasis on specific patterns observed in the most intricate manifestations of the procession ritual - similar or identical to the patterns noted (in previous research) within the framework of heterogeneous linguistic, logical, mythical and ritualistic models. This scholarly approach is congruous with a hypothesis on the existence of homologous structural patterns, tentatively called patterns of the primary structure of thinking of universal character - revealed in diverse spheres of culture and nature.

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Потрошња и идентитети у савременој Cрбији - Народне представе о богатству и сиромаштву

Author(s): Ildiko Erdei / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper gives a broad outline of propositions for a research of folk perceptions of wealth and poverty within the framework of a wider research program investigating goods consumption in contemporary Serbia. Its introductory part spotlights the history of research work related to consumerinsm , and the basic issues and concepts forming up the theoretic grounds for consumerism research in anthropology. Consumerism emerged as a separate subject of research in the late 1970s with the publication of “ The World of Goods”, a book by Mary Duglas and Baron Isherwood, and was further established as such through several important books published during the 1980s. The characteristic feature of anthropological approach to the research of consumerism is the emphasis on its social and cultural aspects, and an observation of the symbolic and expressive qualities of consumerism . The paper reviews the most important concepts in the formative period of consumption anthropology, particularly the theoretic questions raised by Mary Duglas, Arune Apaduran and Daniel Miller. This is followed by a brief survey of works and topics which would make up the domestic (Serbian) ethnology/anthropology of consumption. The second part explains the meaning and usage, both in this paper and in the whole body of research, o f the key notions: wealth, poverty, folk perceptions. The closing part of the paper identifies several issues ensuing from a brief field research o f the folk perceptions o f wealth and poverty in the neighborhood of Knjaževac during 2002, and suggests possible directions of further work. The fieldwork has shown that the investigation of prosperity, of material and symbolic wealth, of labor as value, of traditional forms of succession and of ways of acquiring new riches can reveal the cultural perceptions of Knjaževac area dwellers and serve as an indication o f the social and cultural changes that are currently under way.

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Обичаји животног циклуса верника српских православних парохија у Kалифорнији

Author(s): Gordana Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The life cycle folkways (baptism , wedding, monasticism, funeral rites) of the Serbs in California have to a considerable extent been influenced by the American way of life. The ceremony of baptising adults is carried out either in church or in improvized baptistries, or in pools within private homes or condom iniums. Weddings in church are extremely rare, and half of their total number is for heterogeneous marriages. The weddings in most cases take place on Saturdays and are preceded by a “dress-rehearsal” in church, where the participants practice the wedding arrangements. The funeral rites have been affected by the US laws, from the “beautification” of the deceased, to funeral time-schedule, to tom stone height. American monasticism within the framework of the Serbian Orthodox Church contributes to the spreading of the Serbian saints worship. The americanization of the people of faith is shaping, so to speak, the “americanization” of the ritual-religious practices.

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Българският поведенчески стереотип — кимане с глава в знак на съгласие у гетите в Tristia на Овидий

Author(s): Atanas Orachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The tenth elegy in the Fifth Book of “Sorrows” (Tristia 5.10), which Ovid wrote in 12th year AD, was repeatedly commented on and translated for historical, ethnic and literary purposes. Particularly, for Tristia 5.10.41—42 it was noted that “the text seems to be dubious” and such translations were offered that did not reflect the essence of that elegiac observation by the Roman poet. In 1975, Friedrich Hauben perceived the meaning and made an ethnographic parallel to point out that only Bulgarians and Greeks had the opposite use of a pan-European gesture system with head nodding expressing consensus or negation. However, the «ethnic stereotype» described by Ovid is characteristic only for the Bulgarians in Europe, and when registering an approving head nod (top-down) or turning it left and right (as a sign of denial) in present Turkey, Macedonia and Albania, we must seek for the ancient substrate (the presence of similar substrates in India also requires further research). The Getaic head nodding as a consensus for now has no other explanation except for the fact that the Getae, like the other Thracian communities, had not “disappeared”, but what is more, made a significant contribution to the evolution of the Bulgarians as an ethnic group. Against the background of the available evidence and futility of the German thesis of Völkertode of the “ancient peoples”, however paradoxical it sounds, there is literally no need to prove that the Getae and the Dacians were the main part of those North Thracian peasant communities, which in the written documents from the end of the 6th century AD on began to be designated in Greek as Σκλάβήνοι or Σκλαύηνοι, while in Latin — Sclaueni, Sclavi, Sclauini.

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The Oldest Traditions of Dance

Author(s): Martina Pavlicová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the realm of intangible phenomena in traditional culture, thoughts about autochthony can be directed towards dance, even though the study of this subject in historic periods isa complicated problem in ethnochoreology. There are very few historic documents about dance, and the ones that doexist provide only partial information, which does not enable many concrete conclusions about this comprehensive cultural phenomenon.

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External Influences

Author(s): Roman Doušek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The early 20th century brought a new perspective in the study of folk culture. The Swiss folklorist Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer (1864–1936) was one of the first representatives of this change when he pointed out that “folk does not produce, it reproduces”. The German folklorist Hans Naumann (1886–1951) in particular evolved this thesis into a theory about decayed cultural values.

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Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In terms of how the rural and small-town populations earned their livelihood, the repeated penetration by external impetuses can be observed in the example of the organization of handmade production. The natural process of technological improvements (whether this was gradual or in leaps) blended with other economic and social factors, innovations, fashion, and the discovery of wider sale territories.

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Carpathian-style Clothing

Author(s): Alena Křížová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The cut of basic garments is a crucial elementin folk costumes. The garments makeup an ensemble whose major features are identified with the inhabitants in a large territory, despite their ethnicity and regional or state borders. The Carpathian-style clothing was worn in the territory of the Carpathian Mountains, stretching from Romania across Ukraine, Poland, and Slovakia to Eastern Moravia.

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Peddlery

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The principles of cultural integrity can be recognized in the operation of some specific professions as well. During the 18th century, there was a gradual increase in the volume of clerical work dealing with peddlery, especially peddling trade, in Central Europe. The state administration and the bureaucratic apparatus of lower degrees simply responded to the fact that villages and towns were visited nearly daily by peddlers offering goods or services.

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Çoklu Kültürün Bir İfade Biçimi Olarak Çalgıcı Romanlar

Author(s): Tuncay Aras / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Müzik, çingenelerin hayatında farklı boyutlara sahip bir olgudur. Müzik üzerine olan yetenekleri doğrultusunda sanata bakış açıları değişik şekillerde olmuş ve bu yeteneklerini geçimlerini temin etmek adına çok iyi kullanmışlardır. “Dünyada Çingeneler üzerine araştırma yapan bilim adamlarının genel kanaati dünyadaki hiçbir etnik gurubun, Çingeneler kadar müzik zevki ve kabiliyetinin olmadığı doğrultusundadır. Dünyanın dört bir yanına dağılmış olan Çingeneler, son derece ilginç toplumsal bir mozaik yapı oluşturmaktadırlar. Çingenelerin müziklerini, dansları, gelenek ve göreneklerini çok iyi tanıdıktan sonra; bambaşka bir dünyanın insanları olarak ne kadar insancıl bir yapıda oldukları anlamamak imkânsızdır” (Sal, 2009, s.72).

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BÖLÜM IV TARİH, SANAT ve GÖÇ - Çerkes Sürgününü Müzik ve Dans Eşliğinde Yeniden Düşünmek

Author(s): Sümeyye Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç tecrübesi esnasında insanların gelenek ve kültürel dünyalarından ayrı koyamadıkları şeylerden biri de müzik ve dans pratikleridir. Toplumlar kendi müzik dünyalarını kültürel unsurlarla sıkıca örülmüş bir halde inşa ederler. Bu durumda müziğin toplumsal olanı şekillendiren birçok işlevinin yanı sıra aynı zamanda o topluluğa aidiyeti ifade eden bir “anlatı” oluşturduğu ifade edilebilir. Öyle ki bu anlatı sayesinde insanlar bir araya gelebilir, bir şeyler paylaşabilir ve hayatları boyunca ters giden şeyler karşısında birçok şeye “yeniden” başlayabilirler. Bu anlamda göç kavramının özellikle yersiz yurtsuzluğu, arada kalmışlığı anımsatan anlam dünyasına karşılık müzik insanlar için bir tür ortak bir anlam dünyasının anlatısına dönüşmektedir. Böylece göç ve müzik arasındaki ilişkide özellikle müzik, geleneğin taşınması, dönüştürülmesi ve canlı bir pratik olarak güncellenmesi noktasında temel bir anlam dünyasının üretilmesinde ve pratik hale getirilmesinde kritik bir yerde durmaktadır.

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Алтернативните образователни методи и ролята на етнолога в тях по примера на един проект в село Аспарухово

Author(s): Svoboda Stoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper describes some methods and ideas that could lead to a better understanding of the “other” and the “otherness” if applied in the school system. The fiеld is a school project from 2012 named “Asparuhovo – Future for the Folklore World”. Almost every year since 2008, children from the National High School for Humanitarian Sciences and Arts “Konstantin Preslavski” (city of Varna) visit Asparuhovo. The main idea of the project is to create a bridge between generations and cultures. Every year the children have specific topics, ideas and aims during their stay there. Most of them are related to traditional problems of Ethnology, such as “how to understand others and the values of otherness?”, “how to communicate with people that are very different from us?”, “how to gather information, how to analyze and realize it?” etc. M.A. students from the Ethnology department of the University of Plovdiv have been invited to help the participants in the project. This article describes the approach that we, in our role as “trainers” use to give the children a better understanding of different problems in the field.

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Културологичният модус на храната

Author(s): Tencho Derekyuvliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research observes the culturological image of food as a derivative of meanings that belong to the realms of Anthropology, Ethnology and Ethnography. The aspect of Bulgarian traditional culture interprets the ethnocultural significance as well as the functions of the concepts such as: ritual cuisine, feast, bread, traditional folklore wedding, meals and eating. Additionally, the research focuses on some semiotic characteristics of these concepts.

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Savremena porodica i tradicija

Author(s): Merima Čamo / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Porodica kao jedna od najstarijih i najznačajnijih odgojnih snaga u društvu, koja uspješno i dosljedno obavlja reprodukciju ljudskog karaktera kakve zahtijeva društveni život, dugo je bila otok smiraja usred turbulencija izazvanih agensima socijalne dinamike. Kada o porodici promišljamo na kolokvijalnoj razini, nerijetko ovaj primarni model naše svakodnevnice koji živimo, u kojem učestvujemo, koji stvaramo i čiji smo ravnopravni članovi svodimo na općeprihvaćenu neophodnost, bezupitnost, samorazumljivost i sveprisutnost.

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Analyse des personnages de contes comme culturèmes et unités de traduction

Author(s): Alina Pelea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

As part of a more extensive research on the cultural aspects of the translation of folktales, our paper tackles the issue of folktales characters’ names from the perspective of their status as culturemes and translation units. We identify here a series of cultural and linguistic features. Their role is to highlight the full meaning of these names and thus provide a relevant tool both for the translator and the researcher undertaking descriptive translation studies. Our suggested analysis model is completed by examples of translation from Romanian into French.

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AN ALBANIAN HISTORICAL BALLAD AND THE PARALLEL EXISTENCE IN PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Arbnora Dushi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Albanian-language folk tradition, The Ballad of Halit Gashi is categorized as historical because of its central figure and the historical event that it presents. The event occurred during the Ottoman occupation in the Balkan region, but the song itself has come down to us and continues to be actively performanced. This song is part of the folk repertoire, accompanied with vernacular stringed instruments such as çiftelia. But at the same time it has a public life in mass culture, performed as a genre of urban music. Both versions, the folk and the urban, continue to exist in parallel and represent different social and cultural dimensions that echo the different social and cultural communities of Albanian-speaking society in Kosovo and Albania. Is it the theme of the song, the text, sensitivity of the theme, music, singer, or the taste of the public that continues to keep The Ballad of Halit Gashi alive? Why does this song continue to have two parallel performance traditions: the folk and the pop? What conditions led to a modern version in the urban style? Parallel existence of both types signifies coexistence of tradition and modernity in Albanian-speaking society. While comparing versions of the song and their characteristic elements, we will examine the social and cultural of society, drawing on the work of Sadri Fetiu, Gene Bluestein, Marjetka Golež, Rory Archer, Mathew Gelbart, and others, and with the help of social anthropology, we will try to be able to find these answers.

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