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Proizvođenje Stare Srbije: stopama putopisca, tragom folklora

Author(s): Srđan Atanasovski / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper I analyse the travelogues from Old Serbia, which were a developed literary genre in Serbia at the end of the long nineteenth century, as a mechanism of vindicating the territorial claims of the discourse of Serbian nationalism. In the period when the portrayed lands were under Ottoman rule and deemed inaccessible to most of the Serbian population, which regarded them as the core of their national territory, these travelogues were unique way for the public to gain first-hand information about these lands. After a brief historical overview of the development of the genre, I analyse the literary mechanism through which these lands were efficiently labeled as Serbian. I particularly discuss the importance of scientific data copiously provided in the travelogues, on the issues of languages, customs, etc.

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COMPARISON OF TONGUE TWISTERS IN CZECH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Author(s): Lenka Rozboudová,Evgeniia Korneeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Czech and Russian tongue twisters in terms of their content and structure. The initial part of the article provides a general description of a tongue twister as a part of children’s folklore. The main part focuses on specific similarities and differences of tongue twisters related to their structure and content and offers tongue twisters for practicing individual sounds in Czech and Russian.

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Leoš Janáček a jeho kompoziční metoda neofolklorismu K 90. výročí úmrtí skladatele

Author(s): Miloš Schnierer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper follows the means that formed Janáček´s originál compositional technique. It comes from the environment of Janáček´s birthplace (Hukvaldy), its dialect and musical folklore. He follows Janáček as a collector of moravian folklore, studying tunes and rhytmhs of speach. Based on the harmoniously harmonic features of folklor and builds its style in shaping the view of the structure and concept of opera as a musically dramatic work. Hence his radical neofolklorism applicable to stage and concert works, which promarily do not contain the charakteristic features of the creative folklore orientation.

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Folk Song in Czech Schools: A Challenge for Music Education and Ethnomusicology

Author(s): Judita Kučerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The authoress bases her paper on a belief in the values of the Czech traditional folk music, representing an organic part of the national culture and the need for the presentation this heritage at schools. In the historical section, it deals with development of the care of musically-folklore heritage at schools on territory of the Czech Republic, from the end of the 19th century to the present. This development has affected different personalities of the artistic, scientific and educational sphere. Part of the treatise is Janáček´s approach to the folk songs in teaching process. In the area of presenting folklore heritage to the youth is necessary the cooperation between music educators and ethnomusicologists. The results of research and edition activities of ethnomusicologists might help music pedagogy. The author gives examples of musically-educational and cultural practice in the field of folklore heritage presentation to the youth and possibilities of interdisciplinary cooperation. She bases on historical sources and current researches at schools.

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SROVNÁNÍ POSTAV ZE SLOVANSKÝCH MÝTŮ A LEGEND S IDENTICKÝMI POSTAVAMI V LITERATUŘE FANTASY

Author(s): Lucie Fiurášková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This article deals with characters from Slavonic, predominantly Czech, legends that occur in texts of contemporary fantasy writers. The comparision is made between individual characters and their actions in legends and in contemporary texts. The similarities and differences between them are, subsequently, laid out. The changes characters have to undergo in order to become fantasy heroes and modern versions of themselves are mapped out as well.

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Креативност в създаването и развитието на предприемаческата дейност чрез български фолклор

Author(s): Slavina Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Creative sectors are among the most dynamically developing during the last few years. They lead to many issues to be solved and need improvisation when making decisions. They lead to innovation. Our diverse folklore gives us forgotten decisions that refract through the entrepreneur's individual personality. Today, the most popular entrepreneurs are those who work in the field of creative sectors. The names of Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Michael Jackson, Madonna, and many others are famous all around the world. Every creative entrepreneur should have his or her personality skills in order to develop, improve and manage their business the right way. A typical example of creating a business, based on folklore knowledge, is Hristo Dimitrov’s project, a creator and producer of The National Folklore Ensemble “Bulgare”.

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POHREBY A POSMRTNÉ PREDSTAVY

Author(s): Terézia Hegerová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Pohrebné rituály (sānglǐ 丧礼) bývajú v Číne chápané viacerými spôsobmi či už ako najdôležitejšie rituály spadajúce pod kult predkov, ako rituály reprezentujúce smrť, alebo ako prechodové rituály medzi terajším a posmrtným životom. V Číne je téma smrti tabu, o umieraní sa nehovorí a o smrti samotnej sa hovorieva v eufemizmoch. Nakoľko Číňania veria, že v celom vesmíre musí byť nastolená rovnováha a harmónia, či už sa jedná o vnútorné záležitosti jednotlivcov alebo sociálne interakcie vo všeobecnosti, kládol sa v Číne na pohrebné rituály veľký dôraz. Smrť totižto reprezentovala narušenie rovnováhy vesmíru a pohrebné rituály napomáhali k znovuobnoveniu rádu. Okrem toho boli pohreby a správne vykonané pohrebné rituály považované aj za znak synovskej oddanosti. Zle prevedené obrady mohli uvaliť hanbu ba dokonca aj nešťastie na celú rodinu. Akt venovania rakve deťmi rodičom bol taktiež chápaný ako prejav synovskej oddanosti, ktorý robil rodičov šťastnými. Na pohreby sa muselo šetriť dopredu, pretože boli finančne nákladné a ich cieľom bolo predovšetkým ukázať prestíž a oddanosť rodu. Okrem uctenia si zomretého však slúžili pohreby aj ako príležitosť na utuženie vzťahov v rodine, keďže sa pri nich stretávala celá rodina.

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DOMÁCÍ BOŽSTVA

Author(s): Zuzana Russeová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Posvátno hrálo roli v tradiční čínské kultuře už od nepaměti. Souznění čínského myšlení a značné dávky pragmatismu vede Číňany k využití veškerých cest a prostředků vedoucích k vytouženému cíli – tedy k harmonickému a spokojenému životu rodiny, potažmo i jednotlivce. K dosažení tohoto cíle je mimo jiné zapotřebí přispění božstev na nebesích i v záhrobí, duší předků i vnitřní substance předmětů, které má každý Číňan denně kolem sebe. Tradiční čínský světonázor je kombinací nejstarších kosmologických představ, kultu předků, konfuciánství, taoismu, buddhismu i materialismu. Toto vše se po staletí vzájemně mísilo a doplňovalo o další složky, čímž vznikla synkretická víra, označovaná jako „čínské lidové náboženství“

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Problematika sýpky v teoretických projektech realizovaných na přelomu 30. a 40. let 20. století (s přihlédnutím k Domažlicku)

Author(s): Dana Motyčková,Kateřina Sedlická / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Ethnographical Commission at the Czech Academy of Science and Art was established to utilize effectively the government grant on behalf of the Czech folk culture, especially the Czech folk architecture and folk songs. It worked from 1941 until 1946. With its activities and financial subsidies, it helped bridge the period of protectorate, not propitious for ethnography. In its work, it took into consideration the needs of ethnography in the wide sense of the word, as well as the social aspects. The proposals arisen from two architectural contests of the Ministry of Education were probably the first ones that solved the issue of new construction of farmhouses, taking into consideration the needs of farmhouses of different sizes; as well, they adopted a responsible approach to regional needs, including the outside appearance of the buildings. Because of the development of architecture in the Czech countryside, the above events placed high demands mainly on how to assert and link together the novelties with traditional processes in construction of the village and small-town house. One of the assessment criteria included a requirement for the previous study of local architecture in the field and the corresponding literature. The period of protectorate as well as the following short period of after-war renewal did not allow to use the submitted proposals in practice. The results of the subsequent Survey Action were used neither at that time, nor later. However, they retain a lot of important information for the study of folk architecture, because in many places they captured the last moments of existing traditional housing, especially the wooden one.

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Kresebná dokumentace sýpek v muzejních fondech

Author(s): Lubomír Procházka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the contribution is to highlight the documentary funds related to folk architecture in the regions of Chodsko and Pošumaví, stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice and the Dr. Hostaš Local History Museum in Klatovy. Václav Kohout (1904–1984) was one of the most significant authors of folk architecture documentation in the district of Domažlice, especially that of the house from the region of Chodsko. The author devoted himself to documentary work as early as since the second half of the 1930s when a voluminous set of surveys, aquarelles and drawings evolved, which is stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice. V. Kohout paid his highest attention to document the development of the hearth and especially the open-hearth kitchen. His aquarelles document the timbered house from the region of Chodsko, which had been gradually provided with masonry since the second half of the 18th century.

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Dřevěné a polodřevěné drobné sakrální objekty ve fotosbírkách Etnologického ústavu Akademie věd v Praze

Author(s): Dana Motyčková,Kateřina Sedlická / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Wooden and half-wooden sacral buildings, including small sacral constructions, can be found in more funds in the photo-archives at the Institute of Ethnology AS CR, v.v.i. The focus of the contribution is on the funds titled Listing Research of the Czechoslovak Ethnographic Society, which is a result of a large field research made by the Ethnographic Society between 1952 and 1962 under the organization of Karel Chotek and Vilém Pražák. Originally, the research was aimed at the study of the Czech folk culture as a whole; later on, for the time and financial reasons, it focused mainly on the documentation of folk architecture, especially that in the borderlands or regions endangered by mining, hydraulic structures etc.

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Проституцията в Древен Рим

Author(s): Ivanka Doncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The practice of prostitution in ancient Rome reflected the ambivalent attitudes of Romans toward pleasure and sexuality. Prostitution was legal and licensed. Even Roman men of the highest social status were free to engage prostitutes of either sex without incurring moral disapproval, as long as they demonstrated self-control and moderation in the frequency and enjoyment of sex. At the same time, the prostitutes themselves were considered shameful: most were either slaves or former slaves, or if free by birth relegated to the infames, people utterly lacking in social standing and deprived of most protections accorded to citizens under Roman law, a status they shared with actors and gladiators, all of whom, however, exerted sexual allure. Latin literature makes frequent reference to prostitutes. Historians such as Livy and Tacitus mention prostitutes who had acquired some degree of respectability through patriotic, law-biding, or euergetic behavior. The highclass “call girl” (meretrix) is a stock character in Plautus’s comedies, which were influenced by Greek models. The poems of Catullus, Horace, Ovid, Martial, and Juvenal, as well the Satyricon of Petronius, offer fictional or satiric glimpses of prostitutes. Real-world practices are documented by provisions of Roman law that regulate prostitution, and by inscriptions, especially graffiti from Pompeii. Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum from sites presumed to be brothels has also contributed to scholarly views on prostitution.

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În exclusivitate

Author(s): Mariana Șora,Adriana Babeți,Cornel Ungureanu,Nicolae Breban,Tinu Pârvulescu,Daniel Chirot,Ioana Copil-Popovici,Mihai Șora / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Our magazine offers you some exclusive interviews: "Third Europe" in conversation with Mariana Șora, Mihai Șora, Nicolae Breban, Daniel Chirot.

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ЛИНГВОМЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ В ПРАКТИКЕ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО

Author(s): Nina Agapova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The presentation shows how to use folk texts (including those having regional features) during the lessons of Russian language with foreign learners. It contains the analysis of difficulties which the learners encounter during the process of adaptation to the culture and the language of other country. It includes examples of methodical techniques for minimization of such difficulties. It presents the value of folk texts for learning Russian foreign language and interpretation of other linguoculture. The author uses her experience of teaching Russian to foreign students of Faculty of Philology of Tomsk State University.

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Pazarlamada Tüketim Ritüellerine İlişkin Kavramsal Bir Çalışma

Author(s): Özlem Şenlik / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Culture is the most basic building block that connects individuals living in groups. Customs, customs, weddings, holidays, funerals... contain many behaviors that are realized and passed on from generation to generation thanks to this bond. These behaviors are defined as rituals. Even if the individual lives alone or with the community, he has many behaviors that come from the past, sometimes he cannot make sense of it, and there is no cause and effect relationship, but still repeats. Behaviors in the form of celebration, commemoration, commemoration and blessing necessitate consumption. Whether the consumer is an individual or a society, these behaviors show consumption behaviors shaped by reasons such as offerings, presentations and showing off. Consistent consumption behaviors are expressed as consumption rituals. Consumption rituals can be the ongoing behavior of the existing society, or they can be transferred by being influenced by other geographies. It is predicted that the goods and services used as consumption instruments while performing consumption rituals will increase the efficiency of businesses in understanding the consumer and responding to their expectations. The fact that the effect of consumption rituals is not sufficiently included in studies related to consumer behavior and purchasing in the literature constitutes the purpose of researching this subject. The subject will be discussed conceptually and it is expected to shed light on both the literature and the businesses that want to consider consumption rituals in their marketing activities.

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Türk Halk Giyim Kuşamında Kullanılan Suzeni Tekniği ile İşlenmiş Uçkur Örnekleri

Author(s): Şerife Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanların örtünme hissinin insan üzerinde büyük etkisi olmuştur. Hem insanların estetik değerlere olan bakış açısını değiştirmiş hem de süsleme kültürünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Asıl maksadı bedeni muhafaza etmek olan giyim, toplumun kültürel değerlerini, sosyo-ekonomik yapısını, yaşadığı coğrafyayı, kullanılan malzemeleri, iklimi, inançları vb. yansıtır. Zamanla faktörlere göre şekillenmiş ve biçim, malzeme, kullanım ve süsleme özellikleri bakımından çeşitlenmiştir

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Погребалните ритуали в Древен Рим (според античните автори и пластичното изкуство)

Author(s): Ivanka Doncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study of burial practices in Rome is both a religious and a legal issue, as there is a special regulation for organizing and conducting the funeral ceremony that was strictly observed. In Rome, as in Greece, caring for the dead was a sacred duty. To leave the dead unburied means to condemn his soul to perpetual wandering, and therefore to create a real threat to the living as the “tortured soul” was filled with malice. Two features distinguish Roman burials: the first is the importance that the Romans give to the deceased being buried and the solemnity with which the funeral ceremony is held, and the second – the lack of representatives of the public cult. Both the one and the other feature relate to the Romans’ beliefs about death. The funeral ceremony in ancient Rome is commonly referred to as the 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑠. In a broader sense, this term encompasses the set of rituals observed from the onset of death to the funeral. From the moment of death, the home and family of the deceased become 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑒 and stop being such after the funeral. The rituals that preceded the funeral were different from those accompanying the funeral itself. In this report we will try to trace funeral rituals carried out before and after the funeral, based on the testimonies left by ancient authors, archaeological data, and plastic art.

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Lidová píseň v současné školní praxi: dílčí výsledky výzkumu o využití lidové písně a folkloru pohledem učitelů hudební výchovy základních a středních škol

Author(s): Tomáš Chloupek,Vilma Polmanová,Pavel Ostrý / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Folk music is undoubtedly an essential cultural asset with great didactic potential. The content of the paper are the ongoing results of a research survey focusing on the teachers’ usage of folk songs in music education at primary and selected secondary schools. The main ways of using this topic in the context of four fundamental teaching areas (set out in the FEP) and in other musical or interdisciplinary topics and activities are presented here. A specific group of respondents who reported to folklore activities in the questionnaire is then examined. Their answers regarding preference and especially the use of folk music in music lessons are evaluated. Everything is simultaneously compared with the answers of the remaining respondents who did not report to folklore.

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Cerkiew zapamiętana. Wyobrażenia o dziedzictwie i tożsamości wśród mieszkańców Leżachowa

Author(s): Igor Fedorowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This work refers to the narratives found among members of the community of Leżachów, a village located in the Przeworsk District in south-eastern Poland, concerning their local identities and their perception of the importance of commemorating and preserving their experiences of both the Polish-Ukrainian and the Roman Catholic-Greek Catholic frontier. Data on different notions and imaginaries were collected through fieldwork: participant observation and individual and group interviews. Local discourse concerning ethnic boundaries between the inhabitants of Subcarpathia and different claims regarding their national identity (for example, Polish, Ukrainian or perhaps mixed) are viewed through the stories of the survivors of the Second World War and the postwar period – or their descendants. The main focus of the study was on the current renovation of the previous Greek Catholic Church of St. Nikita (and now the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) in Leżachów, and how the overall local politics of managing public spaces – including secular ones – have impacted the community. The case of the Leżachów church serves as an example of how an ethnically-differentiated community inhabiting a liminal space of Polish-Ukrainian frontier views itself, and its place in Poland, a country (supposedly) uniform in terms of nationality and ethnicity of its people.

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„Ziemia jest jedna”. Antropologiczne studium procesów tworzących idiomy leżachowskiego cmentarza

Author(s): Mikołaj Jan Witkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text is a look at the village cemetery in Leżachów (Jarosław District, Subcarpathian Voivodeship) from the perspective of the Braudelian long, medium and short terms. The aim, however, is not to reconstruct its history, but to show – in these overlapping temporal planes – the shifting roles that the cemetery has played in the life of the Leżachów community. The author considers the cemetery as ‘a multi-temporal field in which the past has accumulated’. Using Holbraad and Pedersen’s method ("Thinking Through Things"), he traces the relationship between the matter that makes up the cemetery and the meanings that are given to that place. He reveals a fundamental shift in thinking and performing what a grave and a cemetery is, which took place in the second half of the 20th century. At that time, earthen graves (mogiły) surrounded by spontaneously growing plants were replaced by gravestones, set in a fully human-controlled ‘pure’ space. He also presents the subtle and often non-obvious (or even contradictory) links between these transformations and the events of the war and the postwar period, recorded in collective memory as the Polish-Ukrainian conflict. On a theoretical level, this article is a voice in the debate between today’s very expansive ontologies of ‘relational non-dualism’ and the receding old approaches of ‘Cartesian dualism’. The author’s aim is to identify the planes on which this opposition becomes troublesome and to propose a formula within which the coexistence of both perspectives seems possible and cognitively advantageous.

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