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“KAKVI RODITELJI - TAKVA DJECA”: SISTEMATSI PREGLED MEĐUGENERACIJSKE TRANSMISIJE KRIMINALNOG I ANTISOCIJALNOG PONAŠANJA

Author(s): Mirza Buljubašić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2019

Reason for writing and research problem(s): Criminological research in the field of intergenerational (dis)continuity has shown that children whose parents externalize their criminal or antisocial behavior have a greater chance to show the same behavior in childhood and/or in later phases of development. Intergenerational criminology is searching for answers to replication or transmission (or lack thereof) of antisocial and criminal behavior through generations - from the parental to next-generation. Although a large fund of knowledge exists, there is lack of literature on intergenerational criminology in the Balkans, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The aim of this paper is to fill the gap in the Criminological literature in the Balkans, but also to systematically describe current research, and to explain the theoretical mechanisms of intergenerational transmission (and empirical verifications thereof).Methodology/Design: Content analysis of the relevant literature in the field of intergenerational criminology is a method of choice. The relevant literature for analysis was selected from the bibliography of the meta-analysis of intergenerational transmission of criminal behavior (Besemer et al., 2017b), then searched online, retrieved and analysed. After the analysis, the same steps have been repeated. Prior to the reading of selected literature, an abstract, introduction and/or a conclusion was analysed to determine whether the publication refers to the intergenerational transmission of criminal and antisocial behavior. Only literature that contained the terms: intergenerational transmission, continuity, family, children, risk factors and resilience in the title or keywords or synopsis of the publications (i.e. manual search and selection) was selected for the analysis. Moreover, online databases and internet (meta) search engines (e.g. Google Scholar, Web of Science) were used to search for (additional) literature that was not available in the bibliography of the analyzed articles. Research strategy used by Besemeret al. (2017b) was employed, in particular keywords: intergeneration* ili cross generation*ili multi-generation* ili generation* ili transmiss* ili continuity i parent* ili father* ili mother* ili child* ili offspring* ili son* ili daughter* i crim* ili delinquent*ili convict* ili antisocial* ili offend* ili violent* ili aggress* (ie automatically generated search). Only relevant papers with metrics of at least 10 citations, determined with i 10-index, were selected. Certainly, there are numerous papers that could have been included but are not mentioned anywhere because of the limited scope of this paper.

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POLICING REPEAT AND HIGH-RISK FAMILY VIOLENCE: A COORDINATED MODEL IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA

Author(s): Gemma Hamilton / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

This study qualitatively evaluated ‘Alexis – Family Violence Response Model’— a joint police-social services approach to family violence in the State of Victoria (Australia). Interviews were conducted with 17 stakeholders (7 police members and 10 community service providers) to examine how the model reduced recidivist family violence and how it differed from other policing approaches to family violence. Five key themes were extracted from the data via thematic analysis: (i) collaboration between police, an embedded family violence worker and other agencies; (ii) increased police accountability; (iii) the adoption of a proactive major crime approach; (iv) emphasis on professional development; and (v) the allocation of dedicated time and resources. Implications for future policy development are discussed, with the findings highlighting promising practices for policing high-risk and recidivist family violence.

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STAVOVI OSUĐENIKA O USLOVIMA ŽIVOTA U ZATVORSKIM USTANOVAMA

Author(s): Sanja Radetić Lovrić,Biljana Mirković,Dejan Matijević / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 5/2017

Inspiration to write the paper and the issue addressed by the paper: The attitudes of the convicts towards the living conditions in prisons determine the integrity of a person into the prison system, and may influence the efficiency of criminal sanctions, success of a treatment, resocialization and reintegration of the convicts. The main issue of the paper is to examine the attitudes and opinions of the convicts towards the degree of satisfaction with living conditions in prisons. Paper goal: The goal of this paper is to find out to what extent the basic, legally prescribed living conditions in prisons are met from the point of view of the convicts themselves, and to gain an insight into the possibilities of improving the program of treatment and respect of the human rights. Methodology: The Questionnaire referring to the satisfaction with basic living conditions in prisons – USZB, was created for the purpose of this survey, in order to examine the attitudes of the convicts regarding the hygienic and nutritional conditions, respect for the integrity of a personality, and the establishment of social relations and conventional activities. The scale contains 9 statements, and its internal consistency reliability is .85. The survey has been conducted on 140 male convicts, an average age of 37.66. Survey restraints: The created Questionnaire examines only attitudes towards the basic living conditions in prisons, and it should be modified by extending it to other relevant life aspects within the prison system and then compare them to the type of the committed crime and specific dimensions of a convict’s personality. The survey has been performed on a relevant sample. Results/General conclusion: According to the results of the survey, between 44.3%and 90% of the convicts is satisfied with the living conditions in prisons, taken that the smallest percentage of respondents is satisfied with the way the contact with the outside world is achieved and the nutritional conditions, while the highest percentage of respondents is satisfied with the interpersonal relations with other convicts and the prison staff. There was no difference in the satisfaction with living conditions in prison considering the age of the convicts or the length of the pronounced and served criminal sanction.

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POLOŽAJ ZAVISNIKA U NEFORMALNOM SISTEMU PENALNIH USTANOVA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ

Author(s): Nebojša Macanović,Jelena Kuprešanin / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2016

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): This topic is specific and imposes a number of other problems that can be the basis for further studies, concerning the conditions of imprisonment, administration, distrust, rehabilitation and overall attitude of the society towards this population. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The aim of this paper is to show the position of addicts while serving a prison sentence, their role in the informal system and the reasons of their difficult re-socialization. Methodology/Design: The situation of drug addicts is presented through the analysis of reports and experience of professionals. Through descriptive and statistical method their true position while serving a prison sentence is shown. Study represents conditions on territory of Republic of Srpska. Research/paper limitations: Limitations of this study are presented in its subject, because this is an area that is sensitive and “taboo” topic. Results/Findings: The problem of addiction is specific and in the informal prison system they easily become victims. Institutional correctional treatment is increasingly becoming a seduction administration of offenses and monitoring of criminal behavior of addicts. General conclusion: Person who have been convicted, serve their sentence in the middle of seemingly legally regulated environment, and they are exposed to a number of negative effects of deprivation.

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KAZNA I NAGRADA U FUNKCIJI RESOCIJALIZACIJE OSUĐENIH LICA

Author(s): Nebojša Macanović,Andrea Stanković / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2014

Conditions of serving a prison sentence in criminal correctional institutions, various deprivations, limitations and difficulties, prescribed norms, standards of behaviors and many similar phenomena, are creating aversion to the prison administration, the conventional control system and its officials. It is also known that prisoners perceive the prison staff as the society representatives who sentenced, rejected and placed them in the inferior living conditions. This is the basis on which the hostility between prisoners and prison staff develops, what can develop into the negative group mood and open conflict, having a background in the prisoners’ system of values, norms and code of conduct. The result of such hostility and aversion are just various offenses that a formal system sanctions with disciplinary measures. That psychological atmosphere in the criminal - correctional institutions often depends on the balance of punishment and rewarding prisoners. Punishment and rewards are an integral part of the educational treatment, but very often the necessary methods and means on which depends the organization and functioning of the criminal – correctional institutions. Punishments and rewards are also important factors that affect the process of re-socialization, and the aim of this paper is exactly to realize the purpose, effects and criteria for pronouncing a disciplinary measure and reward the prisoners.

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ТHEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF GENERAL COMPETENCES OF COUNSELORS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

Author(s): Gordana Dukić / Language(s): English Issue: 39-40/2017

General competencies are a dynamic combination of knowledge, understanding, skills, abilities, attitudes and values that are necessary for personal achievement and development. They are typical of every person regardless of their scope of work. They develop during the period of formal education and represent the basis for further learning and development as an integral part of lifelong learning. Counselors in penal institutions have already formed attitudes and opinions on general competencies. Counselors consider systemic competencies (ability to adapt to new situations, learning ability, ability for practical application of knowledge, ability for persistence when achieving highest quality of work and creativity) to have a slight advantage over interpersonal, instrumental and general specific competencies and to represent a fine basis for further learning and development. Owing to the complexity of competencies and the complex process of identification, testing and comparison of competencies as to the fact that counselors value systemic ones more, which are known to be more complex, it is advisable to check these results on a larger sample and to open a qualitative discussion on counselors’ competencies in penal institutions within the context of lifelong learning.

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TEORIJSKE OSNOVE I IDENTIFIKACIJA OPŠTIH KOMPETENCIJA VASPITAČA U PENALNIM USTANOVAMA

Author(s): Gordana Dukić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 39-40/2017

Opšte kompetencije su dinamična kombinacija znanja, razumijevanja, vještina, sposobnosti, stavova i vrijednosti neophodnih za lično ostvarenje i razvoj. Svojstvene su svakom čovjeku, bez obzira na područje njegovog djelovanja. Razvijaju se tokom formalnog obrazovanja i predstavljaju temelj za dalje učenje i razvoj kao integralni dio cjeloživotnog učenja. Vaspitači u penalnim ustanovama imaju izgrađene stavove i mišljenje o opštim kompetencijama. Prema procjenama vaspitača sistemske (sposobnost za prilagođavanje novim situacijama, sposobnost za učenje, sposobnost primjene znanja u praksi, sposobnost istrajavanja na ostvarivanju najviših kvaliteta u radu i kreativnost), su u blagoj prednosti u odnosu na interpersonalne, instrumentalne i specifične opšte i predstavljaju dobru osnovu za dalje učenje i razvoj. Zbog kompleksnosti kompetencija i složenog procesa identifikacije, mjerenja i poređenja kao i činjenice da vaspitači više procijenjuju sistemske, za koje znamo da su složenije, bilo bi poželjno ove rezultate provjeriti na većem uzorku, ali i otvaranjem kvalitativne rasprave o kompetencijama vaspitača u penalnim ustanovama u kontekstu cjeloživotnog učenja.

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ORGANIZOVANI KRIMINALITET KAO PREDMET NAUČNOG ISTRAŽIVANJA

Author(s): Mile Šikman / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 31/2012

Organizovani kriminalitet, kao kriminalni fenomen definitivno je i predmet naučnog istraživanja. Mnoge nauke bave se istraživanjem problema organizovanog kriminaliteta. Tako, kriminologija proučava organizovani kriminalitet sa aspekta njegove etiologije i fenomenologije (statike, dinamike i tipologije), krivičnopravne nauke sa gledišta krivičnih inkriminacija ponašanja i drugih delatnosti koje čine organizovani kriminalitet (npr. organizovanje kriminalne grupe), kao i procesnim aspektima suzbijanja organizovanog kriminaliteta. Kriminalistika se bavi primjenjivanjem postojećih i iznalaženjem novih metoda i sredstava suprotstavljanja (preventivnih i represivnih) organizovanom kriminalitetu. Takođe, problem organizovanog kriminaliteta naučno se posmatra i sa gledišta drugih nauka, kao što su sociologija, političke nauke, bezbednosne nauke i druge. Dakle, jasno je da je predmet naučnog proučavanja organizovanog kriminaliteta multidisciplinaran. Zbog toga se nameće potreba sistematizovanja koherentnih znanja, kroz uspostavljanje naučne discipline koja bi za predmet proučavanja imala organizovani kriminaliteta. S tim u vezi, u radu ćemo govoriti i o koncipiranju nastavnog predmeta Organizovani kriminalitet, kao i o odnosu sa srodnim nastavnim predmetima i disciplinama.

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Preventivní vězeňský program zacházení u kněží Jana Boska a Františka Řezáče

Author(s): René Strouhal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of imprisonment in a prison is not only to imprisonment itself, as it was mostly accepted by the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but its more important goal is to motivate prisoners to moral integrity and reintegration in the post-release phase of execution of punishment. So-called treatment programs aim to achieve this. Thanks not only to the biological, psychological or social nature of man, but also to his spiritual nature, the Church's contribution to the recovery of society is its resocialization activity in prisons. We find stimulating impulses in the prison activity of the Italian priest Jan Bosko and the Czech clergyman František Řezáč. After comparing the wazy of resocialization of prisoners in both pioneers from the ranks of priests, research follws on the acceptance of such resocialization of respondents.

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TOWARDS SOCIALISM WITH A HUMAN FACE

Author(s): Božidar Jezernik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The takeover of power in Yugoslavia was carried out by the Communist Party in full accordance with the textbooks of the Bolshevik Party schools for establishing of the proletarian dictatorship. In this spirit, a state established after the Second World War was formed, whose declared aim was to change the regime and establish a new social order. The first priority on the list of the leaders of the socialist revolution was the liquidation of the occupying forces and their domestic collaborators. In order to consolidate its power, the revolutionary power included in their number not just those who actively assited the occupying forces, but also those who were not in favour of the regime and did not actively fighty on the side of the partisans. The iron fist of vengeance thus struck thousands and thousands with all its might. However, the firmer was the Communist Party’s grip on power, the greater was the weight of its internal opposition. It became a real danger after the split between Moscow and Belgrade in 1948. This is why the regime dealt with them mercilessly. A new series of mass arrests, convictions and deportations followed. Initially, Tito’s regime responded to criticism from Moscow by radicalising the Stalinist line in eliminating the last vestiges of “capitalism” in Yugoslavia. Eventually, however, Yugoslav ideologues developed a new tpe of socialist system – Titoism. The showcase item, born out of creative opposition to Stalin and the Soviet system and fit for new ideologisation was workers’ self-management. Paradoxically, how this new system works, the regime tested in practice on the Goli Otok island and other “work sites” scattered around the state were so-called Stalinists were deported in order to be re-educated.

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“THE TEACHER SHOULD NOT JUST BOSS AROUND ALL THE TIME”. GOOD TEACHERHOOD IN THE LIGHT OF YOUNG PRISONERS’ EXPERIENCES

Author(s): Tanja Äärelä,Satu Uusiautti,Kaarina Määttä / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the essence of good teacherhood through young prisoners’ school experiences and memories in order to find means to prevent antisocial and exclusion-oriented development in youths. The assumption is that young prisoners’ teacher descriptions include also positive memories. How do they describe teachers who have supported them or could support children’s school going? How do the research participants perceive themselves in relation to teachers and teachers’ actions? The data consisted of young prisoners’ narratives regarding their school time. Twenty-nine young prisoners, aged 17-21, from two prisons in northern Finland participated in the study. This study employed the narrative research approach. The data were obtained through free-form interviews that resembled the narrative interview method. The qualitative content analysis and the narrative analyzing models were employed when analyzing the narrative data. According to the young prisoners’ perceptions, good teachers shared certain features and skills that could be categorized into three: interaction skills, pedagogical and didactic skills, and subject knowledge. The study contributed unique information about the positive actions and features of teacherhood that can support the school work also among the children in danger of exclusion.

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Death For Rape In Nigeria: A Closer Look At The New Kaduna State Penal Law

Author(s): Sadiq Muhammad Safiyanu / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

In June of 2020, all 36 State governors in Nigeria declared a state of emergency over rape and other gender-based violence against women and children in the country. This came after a national outcry following the rape and murder of two young girls. In November 2020, the UN reported that at least 3,600 cases of rape were recorded during the nationwide lockdown occasioned by Covid-19. These figures are indeed very alarming, and a firm collective response as a society is necessary. Several groups have called for the death penalty and/or castration of convicted rapists. In fact, Kaduna State has amended its laws to prescribe both punishments. There is worry especially on the international scene, on the efficacy of such a law. This article examines the effectiveness of harsher penalty to deter crime as regards rape. The existing judicial system in Nigeria was also examined against the background of implementation. There is no sufficient evidence for a compelling case as regards the effectiveness of stiffer penalties to deter crime. Sensational measures such as death and castration may momentarily satiate the public thirst for blood but will ultimately fail to have any meaningful impact on solving this problem. However, criminal justice reforms such as the VAPP Act gives good ground to protect victims and ensure justice. But the amendment of laws and partial adoption of reforms only constitute the foundation of lasting solution. A sustainable solution will require even more systemic reforms starting from a uniform ratification of the VAPP Act across Nigeria. This article explores some suggested reforms for a more robust response to the menace of rape.

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Sprawozdanie z seminarium naukowego Centrum Analiz Kryminologicznych pt. „Badania w zakładach karnych – szanse, wyzwania, perspektywy”

Author(s): Katarzyna Witkowska-Rozpara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

„Dylematy etyczne, jak i poczucie odpowiedzialności spoczywające na naukowcu, który działa w określonej przestrzeni społecznej wobec konkretnych podmiotów” są spotykane w wielu dziedzinach, w tym także dyscyplinach społecznych i humanistycznych. Wejście badacza do świata relacji międzyludzkich może wywoływać różnorodne konsekwencje, które będą wpływać zarówno na życie samego badacza i osób badanych, jak i na pracę naukową. Utrudnienia czy sytuacje nieplanowane, które mogą wystąpić podczas realizowanego badania, mogą także oddziaływać w mniejszym lub większym stopniu na wnioski poznawcze albo prowadzić do rewizji wstępnych założeń lub uznanych procedur.

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IZRICANJE I PROVOĐENJE KAZNENOPRAVNIH MJERA I SANKCIJA PREMA MALOLJETNICIMA I MLAĐIM PUNOLJETNICIMA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Author(s): Snježana Pavlić,Željka Knotek Maloić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

The introductory part of the paper addresses the issue of juveniles and young adults who are perpetrators of criminal offenses. The legislative framework is outlined briefly, in addition to the measures and sanctions imposed on juveniles and young adults in the Republic of Croatia in criminal proceedings. In the central section of the paper, the authors highlight the particularities of the criminal justice system for juveniles (basic principles, relevant laws and envisaged sanctions), and institutions where criminal measures and sanctions are implemented, with emphasis on those within the competence of the Directorate for Prison System and Probation of the Ministry of Justice and Public Administration. Furthermore, criminal sanctions imposed on young adults are presented in more detail for which the implementation is conducted within the framework of the probation service. The paper also reviews the types of criminal offenses for which juveniles and young adults are most frequently sentenced to an educational measure or criminal sanction.

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УЛОГА АЛТЕРНАТИВНИХ МЕРА У СУЗБИЈАЊУ МАЛОЛЕТНИЧКОГ ПРЕСТУПНИШТВА

Author(s): MIlica Rakonjac,Hatidža Beriša / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Juvenile delinquency has been a faithful companion of every society since its earliest steps. It occurs in almost all social systems and there are rare environments in which it does not represent one of the leading and burning problems. Juvenile delinquency has reached enormous proportions, both in its structure and in its social responsibility, so we often wonder whether its trend of constant growth will reach the level of juvenile delinquency. The criminal-legal reaction to this type of crime includes specific measures, because it is still a specific category of society. Diversionary or alternative measures represent a relatively new form of response to juvenile delinquency. The aim of these measures is to avoid the negative consequences of conducting criminal proceedings, on the one hand, but also to relieve the courts and the general legal system on the other. Namely, the measures generally make it possible to avoid the side effects of stigmatization and disruption of everyday activities and habits of minors. The aim of this paper is to show the role and importance of alternative measures to juvenile offenders. Namely, this will try to explain in as much detail as possible the role of alternative measures to resocialization and behavior of juvenile offenders, and generally their impact on reducing the rate of juvenile delinquency.

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KAZNA MALOLJETNIČKOG ZATVORA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ KAO NAJTEŽA KAZNENOPRAVNA SANKCIJA ZA MLADE POČINITELJE KAZNENIH DJELA

Author(s): Ivica Luketić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Juvenile criminal law is a special and specific part of criminal procedural law which regulates the position of juvenile offenders. Juvenile imprisonment in the Republic of Croatia is executed in several penitentiaries, in closed, semi-open and open conditions. In this paper, I will present the treatment of a juvenile offender sentenced to juvenile imprisonment as the most severe criminal sanction young people can be imposed to regarding the conflict with the law; from referral, execution of an individual treatment program, post-penal admission and release from serving a sentence of juvenile imprisonment. I will show the specificity and diversity in individualized programs of execution of juvenile imprisonment in relation to other prisoners (lack of financial and accommodation capacities, adequate professional staff with specific knowledge and skills). In this paper will be presented statistical indicators related to the sentence of juvenile imprisonment (sentence imposition and execution), and through the case study report will be pictured a sentence of juvenile imprisonment on adults regarding to certain criminal offenses; on which criteria and specifics the court sentence juvenile imprisonment and not prison to individual (younger adult).

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Kara śmierci: dlaczego zmiany radykalne?

Author(s): Michał Kaczmarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 685/2021

Book-Review: Tomasz Snarski, Kościół katolicki wobec kary śmierci. Między prawem a filozofią i teologią, Więź, Warszawa 2021, 192 s. (Michał Kaczmarczyk)

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Rola zakładu poprawczego w społecznej readaptacji nieletnich. Wybrane problemy teoretyczne i praktyczne

Author(s): Monika Kotowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2021

In the Polish legal system, the age of criminal responsibility is 17. In proceedings involving juveniles conducted by family courts against minors of the Act of 26 October 1982 on proceedings in juvenile cases. Youth Detention Center is the most restrictive an isolation educational measure. This paper explores the role of Youth Detention Center in the social readaptation of minors. Conclusively, proposals with a view to the future law are formulated, which can help solve the issues presented in this paper.

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Statute of limitations under the penal law of Bulgaria

Author(s): Anton Girginov / Language(s): English Issue: 154/2021

Ukraine carries out intensive judicial cooperation in criminal matters with other European countries. A typical impediment to granting Ukrainian requests for such cooperation (e.g. extradition from another country, taking over Ukrainian criminal proceedings by the requested foreign country, recognition and enforcement of Ukrainian criminal judgments abroad) is the expiry of the time limitation period [lapse of time] not only under the Ukrainian law but also under the law of the foreign country that Ukraine requests for cooperation. The problem is that the criminal statute of limitations of most European countries is significantly different from the Ukrainian one. In view thereof, Ukrainian criminal lawyers are interested in having some general knowledge of the statute of limitations of other European countries, esp. such as Bulgaria. On the one hand, this foreign country has always been a steady partner of Ukraine in international judicial cooperation. On the other hand, the Bulgarian statute of limitations constitutes a good example of the different type of legal framework for lapse of time that requesting Ukrainian authorities shall necessarily consider. All penal laws of the contemporary Bulgarian state contained some statute of limitations. These laws are the 1896 Penal Law (repealed), the 1951 Penal Law upgraded to the 1956 Penal Code, after the full codification of this branch of law in Bulgaria (also repealed), and the existing Penal Code of 1968. The criminal statute of limitations outlines periods when competent state authorities have been inactive. The expiry of these periods (the lapse of time under law) extinguishes the immediate legal consequences of crimes or the punishments imposed by the court for them. In Bulgaria, the statute of limitations consists of substantive penal law provisions. This is a legislative recognition of its substantive nature. The concept that the criminal statute of limitation is a procedural legal institution has been overcome in Bulgarian theory, law and judicial practice. The statute of limitations produces procedural consequences also but they derive from its direct substantive law results as secondary effects. As in most other countries, the penal law of Bulgaria prescribes two types of limitation periods. The first one runs after the commission of the offence. It is also called ‚limitation of the offence‘; its expiry entails the extinction of the offender’s criminal liability preventing both the imposition of punishment on him/her and his/her conviction status as well. The second type of limitation period occurs after the imposition of an executable punishment. It is also called ‚limitation of the punishment‘; its expiry entails the extinction of the punishment imposed only. It does not eliminate the fact that the offender has been convicted.Under the Bulgarian Penal Code, each of the two types of statute of limitations includes not only general time limitations but also absolute ones as well. The former is applicable when the competent state authorities have not undertaken required activities whereas the latter applies only if the competent state authorities have failed to achieve a required result, namely: the imposition of punishment on the offender or the execution of his/her punishment.

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W stronę aksjologicznej neutralności i prób jednoznaczności. Od „wykolejenia” do „zaburzenia”, czyli o przemianach w kluczowych definicjach pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej

Author(s): Barbara Ostafińska-Molik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2020

The purpose of the article is to attempt to synthetically present the changes in the use of the designates from the so-called group of descriptive terms in the literature: ‘difficult individuals’, i.e. synonyms and substitutes of ‘social maladjustment’created on the grounds of Polish rehabilitation. It is an attempt to systematise knowledge around definitions that have grown into the language of pedagogy for the past seven decades. The article shows the axiological and ambiguous dimension of these definitions, considers the issue of the value of a word as a transmitter saturated with something more than just a letter-sign. The need to break away from unnecessary value in definitions seems to be very important in 21st century science. The advisability of organising the terms used is desirable and very necessary, especially for understanding the ideas and directions of development of the discipline. It is the concepts that allow for designing research and conducting diagnoses and descriptions. In this article the reader will be able to trace the changing definitions created by the elders of Polish rehabilitation and the ideas in which these definitions are rooted.

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