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Cechy formalne i podmiotowe a zróżnicowanie obrazu map poznawczych przestrzeni zurbanizowanych

Author(s): Dominika Stryjewska,Bożena Janda-Dębek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The subject of the paper is the analysis of relationships between the differentiation in the image of cognitive maps of urban spaces and factors related to the formal characteristics of the environment, as well as personal traits. Elements marked on sketch drawings of different types of urban spaces were analyzed for differences in the level of detail. The SEM structural method was used and an empirical path model was used to present relationships between factors. Taking into account the categories that were used to analyze the acquired sketch maps, we can determine that sex, place of origin, as well as cognitive style all differentiate the character of sketch maps of different types of areas. Cognitive map images of people with the field-independent style and not originating from rural areas, were significantly more detailed for most types of objects appearing on them. The results obtained may be used by researchers studying cognitive map constructs as well as by urban planners or architects.

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Resistance of Cities Performing Command and Control Functions in Central and Eastern Europe to the Economic Crisis

Author(s): Piotr Raźniak,Sławomir Dorocki,Anna Winiarczyk-Raźniak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The paper discusses the spatial distribution of the largest companies in Central and Eastern Europe that play a control and management role in cities. Their sales revenue and profits were used to determine the vulnerability of the control and management function to crisis in the main sector underpinning this function. The paper uses an indicator called “Economic Centre of Central and Eastern Europe” to examine this key issue. Research has shown that Warsaw, Prague, and Budapest are most immune to economic crisis in the dominant sector of their control and management function, which is driven in Central and Eastern European cities by the consumption, transportation, and production sectors. The spatial distribution of ECCEE index values is affected by the old 15 member states of the European Union and the former Soviet Union. Main ECCEE cities are located close to the old “EU 15” states. The largest number of ECCEE cities are located in countries that remained independent after World War II, although were strongly politically and economically affected by the Soviet Union. On the other hand, cities in former Soviet republics that are now independent states are less immune to crisis in their control and management function. At the same time, these countries are found relatively far away from the old 15 EU member states.

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Directions of Economic Transformation of the Wilkowice Commune in the Bielsko County, in the Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland)

Author(s): Maria Tkocz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

One of the new forms of rural development is the creation of economic activity zones in their area. They are one of the significant factors shaping the multifunctionality of rural communes. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the functioning of such a zone in the Wilkowice commune (Poland) in the period 2006–2018. The development factors from the past of the Wilkowice were also presented in the article. The commune located picturesquely in the area of the Wilkowice Gate, on the slopes of the Silesian Beskids and the Little Beskids, developed due to its tourist attractiveness and spa traditions. In the conditions of market economy, the development of the tourist function was hindered. When looking for new drivers of the economy, the commune authorities begun work on establishing an economic zone located far from residential and tourist areas. A zone of approximately 15 hectares was designed, a 1,528-metre long road was constructed and equipped with necessary utilities, with an easy access to the S-1 motorway. Within the zone, 15 new industrial plants started to operate in the years 2011–2018, and more are under construction. Economic effects resulting from the operations of the plants in the zone, which employs approximately 2,000 people, constitute the basis for further constant and sustainable development of the commune, indirectly influencing the intensification of tourism through the modernisation of infrastructure, the creation of new places to stay and the organisation of tourist events. The commune is a good example of multifunctional development based on the coexistence of tourism and industry.

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Urban mobility efficiency resulting from interdependencies between elements of road infrastructure: the city of Turin example

Author(s): Damian Dubisz,Rafał Rokicki,Adam Kolinski / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2022

In this study, an attempt was made to determine the interdependencies between individual parameters of urban logistic networks. As a result of the literature review, a research gap was identified indicating the lack of precise reference to the dependencies between selected road infrastructure elements. The collected information is of key importance for IT systems supporting the management of urban infrastructure in the area of Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS). The impact of the number of lanes on average travel speeds broken down into rush hours and off-peak hours has been analysed. The conducted research allowed the authors to determine the degree of influence of the number of lanes on the road capacity and the average speed of vehicles. The results of the analyses can be used to power integrated systems for city traffic management and affect the shape of the new road infrastructure design.

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COUPLING CULTURE AND SPACE FOR THE POSTGROWTH

Author(s): Vujanović Vanja,Milica Kočović De Santo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study explores why there is a fundamental need to integrate cultural, urban, and spatial planning. We also argue for a stronger linkage of degrowth with cultural and spatial studies to achieve urgent developmental transformations. In this study, we aim to highlight three of the most important considerations as possible steps towards various future systemic solutions, considering the historical background on development, ideology, power, culture, city, economy and other relevant policies. 1) The importance of participatory strategies and inclusive approaches in promoting various cultural and urban policies (based on practices as shown in cases) as essential for the future; 2) Embedding degrowth discussions in the fields of space and culture aims to highlight multiple alternative paths that can be taken to address systemic issues; 3) Theories of cultural and urban participation crossed with practise provide a strategic framework to explore possibilities.

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On the Road to A Fare-Free Public Transport Policy: A Case Study of The Wroclaw Anarchist Federation

Author(s): Daniel Štraub / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

“Climate Alarm”, a position of Wroclaw public authorities, is an official recognition of issues linked to global climate changes highlighting the position of urban transport development on the sustainable development agenda. Wroclaw Anarchists Federation (WAF) has entered the debate over the further trajectory of the city by proposing the fare-free public transport policy (FFPT) as an instrument supporting the new path presented with the “Climate Alarm.” As the FFPT is being implemented for various reasons, this study uses the content and discourse analyses to explore not only the framing of the FFPT campaign but also how the call for FFPT adoption is set in motion. The WAF sees the FFPT as sustainable transport innovation, and their campaign is suitable for explaining the ecological and social rationale of the FFPT. However, it is not enough to shift the public discourse and mobilize public authorities to consider the FFPT as an option.

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Różnorodność krajobrazu dźwiękowego Parku Śląskiego

Author(s): Magdalena Miterska,Janusz Kompała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The 535-hectare Silesian Park is located in the centre of the largest conurbation in Poland and offers a recreation area to the inhabitants of nearby cities. Soundscapes in the following parts of the park were analysed: amusement park, zoo, ethnographic museum, rose garden, Field of Mars and the vicinity of the planetarium. Quiet and loud zones were identified as a result of the studies. The significance of appropriate urban park planning with regard to noise levels in the park environment was demonstrated. Due to the various purposes of the park areas and the park location itself, individual parts of the complex exhibit different soundscapes. The article presents the soundscape characteristics of individual areas of Silesia Park.

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Buniewcy i ich kultura w przestrzeni miejskiej Suboticy – analiza semiotyczna

Author(s): Armina Kapusta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Bunjevci are an ethnic group whose status as a national minority has changed depending on the policy pursued in the regions they live in, which significantly influenced the possibility of marking their presence in space. The aim of the article is to find and present signs proving the presence of Bunjevci in Subotica. The focus was on urban names, institutions, monuments, and other signs enabling permanent or periodic appropriation of space. The semiotic analysis of the space of Subotica, the informal capital of Bunjevci, was preceded by a detailed description of this group. The knowledge of Bunjevci history, traditions, language, institutions, and other elements of heritage made it possible to identify signs that can be manifested in the urban space.

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PARTYCYPACJA SPOŁECZNA W LOKALNEJ POLITYCE ZRÓWNOWAŻONEGO ROZWOJU MAŁYCH MIAST TURYSTYCZNYCH – NA PRZYKŁADZIE MIASTA KOWARY W WOJEWÓDZTWIE DOLNOŚLĄSKIM

Author(s): Stanisław Andrzej KOZINA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

The dynamic development of tourism in Poland has revealed an enormous interest in investments in hotel and apartment facilities in small tourist cities. The ongoing investment boom and massive tourism development generate many social, economic and environmental problems. Therefore, today’s management of small tourist cities in Poland requires a special approach to cooperation with residents. Social participation in creating and implementing the policy of sustainable development of small tourist cities should constitute the basic method of management and everyday operation of these towns. The aim of the study is to identify social participation in the sustainable development system of a selected small tourist city in Poland and to determine its impact on shaping the local sustainable development policy. The study uses the method of “case study” of a municipal tourist commune located in Lower Silesia and presents the dimension of social participation in the system of its management and planning of the local sustainable development policy. The results of the research may contribute to the discussion on the possibilities of optimizing the process of social participation in the sustainable development of small tourist cities in Poland, taking into account the use of available instruments that have a significant impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the sustainable development goals.

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MIEJSCOWY PLAN REWITALIZACJI – NIEDOCENIANE NARZĘDZIE PLANISTYCZNE: STUDIUM PLANU „JABŁKOWSKIEGO–PODGÓRZE” W KALISZU

Author(s): Cezary Piotr MALISZEWSKI / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

The Local Revitalisation Plan (miejscowy plan rewitalizacji) was introduced into the Polish legalsystem in 2015. It was meant to be the basic planning tool used in urban regeneration processes as a specialtype of the Local Spatial Development Plan (miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego). The articlepresents the conditions behind drawing up Local Revitalisation Plans, indicating the differences betweensuch plans and regular Local Spatial Development Plans. Practical aspects of the legal norms implementationwere presented on the basis of the Kalisz “Jabłkowski–Podgórze” Local Revialisation Plan, which wasadopted in 2021. The aim of the article is to identify the potential of this spatial planning instrument forconducting revitalisation activities. The implementation of the principles and the procedure for drawing upthe plan constitute the basis for conclusions and recommendations regarding the model of the spatial planninginstrument in the context of programming urban regeneration processes and achieving the goals setout in the municipal revitalisation programme (gminny program rewitalizacji).

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WPŁYW WYBRANYCH PRZEŁOMOWYCH INNOWACJI (DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION) NA SPOŁECZNO-KULTUROWY ROZWÓJ MIAST

Author(s): Weronika SZATKOWSKA / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

Disruptive innovations affect the development of cities – they challenge the status quo of theapplied technologies to date, but also force citizens to adjust to the new reality. This article makes a reviewof the literature on the impact of disruptive innovations on the socio-cultural development of cities. In thiscase, Google Maps, housing cooperatives and InPost were discussed as examples of disruptive innovations.Based on the available materials, the impact on the socio-cultural dimensions of urban development wasdetermined. It included social ties, social capital, aging society, forms of residence, migrations, cultural heritage,local patriotism and urban policy. Finally, the consequences of the presence of disruptive innovationsin cities were indicated, including the impact on planning, anticipating dangerous social phenomena, as wellas using the innovation potential in addressing urban challenges.

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OBSZAR O W PEŁNI WYKSZTAŁCONEJ ZWARTEJ STRUKTURZE FUNKCJONALNO-PRZESTRZENNEJ W ŚWIETLE OBOWIĄZUJĄCYCH I NOWELIZOWANYCH PRZEPISÓW USTAWY O PLANOWANIU I ZAGOSPODAROWANIU PRZESTRZENNYM

Author(s): Anna USZKUR / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

Pursuant to Article 10 point 2 of the Planning and Spatial Development Act dated 27 March2003, studies of conditions and directions of spatial development of communes are to include a balance ofareas designed for development. Designation of the area with a fully developed compact functional and spatialstructure is one of the key elements of the above-mentioned balance. The binding regulations, however, donot regulate the methodology of its determination. The consequence of adopting various assumptions for theneeds of such a designation are significant differences in the final shape of this area and the incomparabilityof the obtained results. An attempt to regulate these issues was made in the ongoing amendment to theabove-mentioned act. In accordance with the proposed changes, the area with a fully developed compactfunctional-spatial structure will be replaced by an area of supplementary development. The article confronts the effects of the proposed regulations with those currently in force in this matter. Their impact on counteractingdispersion of urban development has been assessed, practical problems of their designation have beenindicated and a proposal for a more detailed law with reference to the subject matter has been presented.

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IDENTYFIKACJA ZASOBÓW DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO SOCMODERNIZMU W POLSCE

Author(s): Ignacy Waleski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

Cultural heritage makes a complex resource and can be interpreted in many different contexts.The article deals with the specific (young and burdened with history) material heritage of socialist modernism.This layer of cultural heritage, being hardly popularized among public opinion, can be considered as anexample of dissonant heritage and is currently causing a lot of controversy in the public discourse. The subjectof this article is the resource of material cultural heritage created in the times of the Polish People’s Republic,whose physiognomic and conceptual features allow it to be classified as a socialist modernist resource. Theaim of the study is to identify the size of the resources of this type of heritage in Poland, which can potentiallyshow opportunities as a determinant of development. This diagnostic analysis precedes wider research onthe conditions for enhancing the endogenous potential of cities based on the resources of socialist modernistlegacy. The structure of the article is two-element The theoretical part raises the issues of assessing the difficultsocialist modernist heritage, and dilemmas related to the ways of evaluating it as a strategic resource for individual cities. The second, empirical, part of the work concerns the identification of the size and basicproperties of the dissonant socialist modernist heritage in Polish cities.

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Plac Nowy w Krakowie jako miejsce konfliktu w przestrzeni publicznej – przyczyny, przebieg i propozycje rozwiązania

Author(s): Katarzyna Żabińska,Monika Noviello / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The article deals with spatial conflicts that may occur in cities as a result of changes in the use or diversification of the functions of public space. In order to illustrate the phenomenon, the example of Plac Nowy in Krakow is used, as an area where a complex spatial conflict with functional background has been observed for many years. The purpose of the article is to: (1) point out the essence of public space as a place where potential spatial conflicts arise, (2) bring closer the importance of strategic documents as tools on the way to solving spatial conflicts, (3) discuss the specificity and complexity of spatial conflict in Plac Nowy in the context of the prevailing conditions, (4) present proposals for actions that could serve as an example of good practice for improving the functionality of public spaces and thus to resolve existing disputes. The article complements the topic of spatial conflict in the Plac Nowy with actions taken in connection with the preparation of a new project for the development of the site.

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Assessment of the Population of Medium and Small Towns of Europe in the Last Quarter of the 19th Century in the Works by Professor Alexander Georg Supan

Author(s): Valeriy Rudenko,Victoriіa Bilous / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The article under studies highlights the results of the population assessment in medium and small European towns in 1875, 1880, 1890, 1904. These were presented by Alexander Supan (1847-1920) in his «Lehrbuch der Geographie nach den Principien der neueren Wissenschaft für österreichische Mittelschulen und verwandte Lehranstalten sowie zum Selbstunterrichte» (Textbook of Geography for Austrian Middle Schools and Related Institutions, as Well as Self-Instruction), published in the second (1875), the fourth (1880), the seventh (1890), and the eleventh (1904) editions. Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that over the last quarter of the XIX century, the number of medium-populated European towns have exceeded 1/5, whereas that of small towns - 1/10 of all European cities. In addition, the article presents the population dynamics of 131 medium towns of Europe in 1875, 1880, 1890, 1904, as well as ascertains that among the European countries, medium towns were most typical for Austria-Hungary and Germany.

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Predispositions to the Development of Electromobility in Selected Cities in Poland

Author(s): Agnieszka Pokorska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Without a doubt, the issue of electromobility is as important as it is complex. All the more so because, on the one hand, there are limitations and obstacles to its development on many levels, and on the other hand, especially in the current political and economic situation in the national and international arena, this solution has a huge potential to alleviate the effects of the crisis. The complexity of the issue of electromobility entails the need to look for new, supporting solutions and research, such as the multidimensional comparative analysis method carried out in this work, which, based on the results of expert research, allowed to determine indicators that influence the development of electromobility strategies in cities.

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The Influence of Urban Processes on the Community Spirit in the Municipality of Craiova

Author(s): Gabriel Nicolae Pricină / Language(s): English Issue: XXIV/2023

The present article results from the data processing of a study carried out in July 2023 in the Municipality of Craiova, the largest city in the Oltenia region. The study was scheduled as a stage in the preparation of a new General Urban Plan where the population consultation stage has the role of providing the local mayors with a set of information necessary for prioritizing the city’s problems from the point of view of the population’s expectations. The most appropriate research method was the sociological survey, through which opinions were collected by questioning 732 inhabitants on topics related to the degree of coverage of urban functions specific to a modern urban community, how they appreciate modern urban processes and comparative influences.The main problem that is at the basis of such a study is that of harmonizing technical approaches, originating from fields of activity that assume knowledge from the field of exact sciences (architecture, engineering) and approaches that assume a background from the field of social sciences (sociology, anthropology, psychology). To a large extent, Romanian urban and rural communities have benefited from development programs segmented according to financing flows, prioritizing investments in favor of material ones, against the background of indifference to the preferences and expectations of the population.The aim of this research was to mitigate the distance between institutional and community strategies with the aim of integrating community spirit into local development policies.The analysis carried out proved that investments in the development of the city increased the degree of appreciation of the population and fueled value principles that lead to the overvaluation of some areas and the disinvestment of other areas, ignoring some synthetic indicators that contribute to the formation of realistic opinions.

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Polityka miejska w nowej perspektywie finansowej Unii Europejskiej 2021-2027 – ewolucja czy rewolucja we wspieraniu miast?

Author(s): Marcin Wajda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Cohesion policy has a significant influence on the form of investments in cities. This re-fers, in particular, to states that participate in cohesion policy and those that do not have a significant own development policy. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibilities to support towns and cities and their functional areas in the 2021–2027 fi-nancial framework in the context of the previous approach of the European Union to the development of urban areas and solving their problems. It is worth noting that the Euro-pean Union has wide experience in this area, dating back to the URBAN Pilot Projects and URBAN initiatives. The author also analyses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the potential support for cities in the 2021–2027 perspective. The proposed conditions and instruments were also referred to the needs of towns and cities and the challenges that they are currently facing.

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Strategie rozwoju miast po reformie systemu zarządzania rozwojem - pierwsze doświadczenia i oceny

Author(s): Piotr Maleszyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article aims to evaluate the process of creation and the content of urban development strategies of Polish cities in the context of the premises of the reform of the development management system in 2020 and recommendations from the literature. The evaluation focuses on two aspects: integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning, and the implementation scheme. The analysis covered four regional capitals that have adopted new strategies: Gorzów Wielkopolski, Łódź, Białystok, and Lublin. The research was pursued by reviewing strategies and interviewing individuals responsible for creating the strategy. The findings confirm that the goal of integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning has proved difficult to accomplish, and legislative changes have failed to overcome the dysfunction of development planning in Poland. Considering implemen-tation schemes, the approach to monitoring and evaluation was appreciated, while insti-tutional implementation systems raised some issues. The article offers some explanations of local governments’ attitudes to strategic planning, highlights best practices and advice for development policies, and presents city representatives’ views on legislative changes.

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Social Capital and the Natural Disasters The Racibórz Case Study

Author(s): Robert Geisler,Michał Potracki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The concept of social capital has been recognized as one of the key aspects of public administration and is an essential part of local urban policy. From the point of view of the inhabitants, it conveys a sense of subjectivity, achievement, participation and co-government. Even more significant is that social capital will be characterized by a measurable impact in terms of civic engagement in local affairs. Racibórz was selected as a case study due to the city’s proximity to the border. On the one hand, it is regarded as having a long tradition of self-government, self-organization, belonging to different legal and administrative systems throughout history. On the other hand, however, the city is characterized as having a marginal position in the territory and in the administrative structures of the country and the region. All these factors have, over the course of history, given rise to inhabitants’ behavioral patterns and created the basic forms and structures of civil society and/or social capital. Based on qualitative and ethnographic field studies, the authors present the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic phenomena, which is changing the structures of social capital in Racibórz by reducing/destroying it and ask the question how it can be rebuilt in the future. The aim of the article is to present one of the current challenges for urban policy in Poland: social participation, especially in the context of the concept of social capital, in the town of Racibórz at the time of the (post) COVID-19 pandemic.

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