RAZVOJ PROSTORNOG URBANISTIČKOG PLANIRANJA GRADA I OPŠINE GRAČANICA

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2004

Uređenje teritorije grada ili nekih njegovih dijelova u smislu planiranja njegove upotrebe i željenog razvoja ima dugu historiju. Organizovanu građevinsku akciju, istina vrlo aproksimiranu, u odnosu na suvremene smišljene zahvate u teritorijima gradova, imamo u Gračanici još krajem XVII stoljeća. Na tadašnjem neizgrađenom gradskom zemljištu, koje je obuhvatalo riječnu terasu dna doline rijeke Sokoluše, Ahmed-paša Budimlija je izgradio osnovne urbane sadržaje i time utemeljio gračaničku čaršiju. Lokacijom svojih građevina, on je odredio mjesto i usmjerio pravac razvoja čaršije kao i smjer glavne čaršijske ulice, koji je zadržan i danas. Time je praktično sve do danas određena i namjena navedenog dijela grada, za poslovne i javne funkcije. Možemo slobodno reći da gračanička čaršija, kao historijsko- urbano jezgro grada, ostaje kao jedan od osnovnih elemenata za trajno očuvanje u svim budućim planovima uređenja teritorije grada.

Plan grada Gračanice

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/1997

Myślą globalnie, kształcą (się) lokalnie

Author(s): Jarosław Makowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

When I ask young people where they would like to live, the answer is “Barcelona, London, Vienna”.

Komunikacja miejska w obsłudze obiektów turystycznych i rekreacyjnych

Author(s): Adam Mehring / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Support recreational and tourist facilities depend on local conditions and policies of the city and public transport companies. This article is not a specifi c case study, but presents an example of the city (communication networks) in which the service of tourist traffi c (or recreational) became the basis for the organization of public transport. The article shows that tourism and recreation can be a determinant of the creation of the line, and even communication network. However, it is very diffi - cult to investigate the demand of tourism and recreation in public transport, because the supply has to stay ahead of demand, and even create it. On the other hand, a well-organized line can become a signifi cant source of income, which can lead to the maintenance of public transport and even in some cases to its development.

Proučevanje političnih možnosti za boj proti nezakonitim mikrostanovanjem v Hongkongu

Author(s): Yung Yau,Daniel Chi Wing Ho / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2017

Nezakonita gradnja ima več oblik, vključno z ilegalnimi naselji (ang. squatter settlements) in nezakonitimi prizidki stavb. Med različnimi oblikami nezakonite gradnje so v zadnjem času precejšnjo pozornost širše javnosti v Hongkongu pritegnila nezakonita mikrostanovanja, ki nastanejo z nezakonito razdelitvijo stanovanj. Zaradi svoje nezakonite narave tovrstna stanovanja resno ogrožajo varnost prebivalcev, saj zmanjšujejo konstrukcijsko stabilnost in požarno varnost stavb, poleg tega pa lahko tudi negativno vplivajo na naravno svetlobo in prezračevanje. Požari v stavbah z nezakonitimi mikrostanovanji, posledice katerih so v zadnjih letih tudi smrtne žrtve, so skrb vzbujajoč rezultat zanemarjanja te mestne problematike. Kljub vsemu so nezakonita mikrostanovanja redko pritegnila pozornost raziskovalcev oziroma akademske skupnosti po svetu. Zaradi resnosti problematike nezakonitih mikrostanovanj v Hongkongu avtorja v članku proučujeta izvedljive politične možnosti za ostrejše ukrepe na tem področju, pri čemer analizirata politike ali rešitve, ki se uporabljajo drugod po svetu. Da bi določila politične možnosti za boj proti nezakonitim mikrostanovanjem v Hongkongu in jih razvrstila po pomembnosti, sta s skupino deležnikov opravila raziskavo z uporabo metode delfi za oblikovanje politik (ang. policy Delphi study) v treh krogih. Anketiranci so predlagali različne ukrepe, od pogostejših inšpekcijskih pregledov stavb in višjih kazni za lastnike, ki ne upoštevajo predpisov, do izdaje dovoljenj za dajanje nezakonitih mikrostanovanj v zasebni najem. Za najbolj izvedljivo možnost med vsemi navedenimi se je izkazalo strožje izvajanje ukrepov. Članek se konča z razpravo o rezultatih raziskave inpriporočili za oblikovanje ustrezne politike na tem področju.

Odnos starejših ljudi do dóma in domačega bivalnega okolja

Author(s): Boštjan Kerbler,Richard Sendi,Maša Filipovič Hrast / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2017

Stanovanje spada med osnovne človekove dobrine in pravice. Njegova vloga je mnogostranska, saj omogoča zadovoljevanje številnih človekovih potreb, poleg tega stanovanje ni omejeno le na ozek bivalni prostor, ampak vključuje tudi širše bivalno okolje, v katerem posameznik prebiva. Odnos posameznika do stanovanja in bivalnega okolja se skozi njegovo življenje spreminja. Zlasti v času starosti naj bi dobilo stanovanje še poseben pomen. Kot kažejo raziskave, želijo starejši zato čim dalj časa ostati v svojem bivalnem okolju, saj naj bi bili nanj navezani. Da bi ugotovili, ali spoznanja o navezanosti starejših na lastno bivalno okolje držijo tudi za Slovenijo, smo v članku analizirali, koliko so na svoje stanovanje in širše bivalno okolje navezani starejši v Sloveniji in kako so z bivanjem v njem zadovoljni. Mnenja starejših smo pridobili z anketiranjem, statistično analizo pa smo opravili s programom SPSS, in sicer na podlagi izračuna več statističnih testov povezanosti. Analiza je potrdila našo predpostavko, da so tudi slovenski starejši na svoj dom oziroma domače okolje zelo navezani in da so z bivanjem v njem zadovoljni. Pokazalo se je še, da so med starejšimi glede tega nekatere razlike, ki so odvisne od tega, koliko so ljudje stari, kje živijo in koliko časa že bivajo v svojem domu.

Nenačrtno širjenje mestnih območij in megadogodki: gospodarska rast in nedavno širjenje mesta, ki izgublja svojo konkurenčnost (Atene)

Author(s): Luca Salvati,Marco Zitti / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2017

V sodobnih mestih se lokalna tekmovalnost za finančne vire krepi bolj kot kdaj koli in vodi v razvoj mest, za katera je značilna pomembna družbenoekonomska preobrazba. V dosedanjih raziskavah so avtorji tesno povezavo med širjenjem mest, družbenoekonomskim razvojem in megadogodki proučevali samo za določena območja in vrste rasti mest, pri čemer so pogosto prezrli vlogo megadogodkov pri krepitvi nenačrtnega širjenja mestnih območij. Atene so kot gostiteljica poletnih olimpijskih iger leta 2004 tipičen primer razvijajočega se mesta, ki gosti megadogodek, in sicer predvsem zaradi tesne povezave med olimpijado, razvojem infrastrukture in nenačrtnim širjenjem mesta. V članku avtorja prikrito razmerje med gospodarskim razmahom kot posledico olimpijskih iger in preveliko liberalnostjo urbanizma povežeta z dolgoročnim nenadzorovanim širjenjem mestnih površin, značilnim za razvoj Aten. Ker so posledične družbenoekonomske razmere omogočile začetni val nenadzorovanega širjenja mestnega območja, jih pojasnjujeta kot šibkost konkurenčnega mesta na slabo načrtovanih in dolgotrajno dereguliranih urbanih območjih, kot je atensko. Podrobna analiza najnovejših razvojnih stopenj gospodarske rasti in nesklenjenega širjenja mestnih površin daje dodaten vpogled v procese nenačrtnega širjenja današnjih mest in pomaga prepoznati morfološke vzorce in družbenoekonomske dinamike, ki so značilne za širjenje mest med izmenjujočimi se cikli gospodarske rasti in recesije.

Exploring policy options to combat illegal microapartments in Hong Kong

Author(s): Yung Yau,Daniel Chi Wing Ho / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Illegal building can take multiple forms, including squatter settlements and illegal building extensions. Among the various forms of illegal building, illegal microapartments (IMAs), which take the form of unauthorised subdivided housing units, have recently aroused wide public concern in Hong Kong. On account of their unlawful nature, IMAs pose serious threats to the safety of local communities by undermining structural stability and fire safety in buildings. They may also adversely affect natural lighting and ventilation for building occupants. Fatal fires in buildings with IMAs in recent years have demonstrated the painful consequence of ignoring this issue in the city. Nonetheless, the problem of IMAs has seldom attracted scholarly attention around the world. In light of the seriousness of the IMA problem in Hong Kong, this study explores workable policy options for cracking down on the problem. It reviews policies or proposals in different jurisdictions to crack down on IMAs. Then a threeround policy Delphi study is carried out with a panel of stakeholders to identify and prioritise policy options for combating IMAs in Hong Kong. Various measures are proposed or identified by the panel members, ranging from increasing the frequency of building inspections and imposing stricter penalties on non-conforming owners to licensing IMAs for private renting. Among these options, stricter enforcement is considered the most workable option. The results of the policy Delphi study are discussed and policy recommendations are made.

The relationship of the elderly toward their home and living environment

Author(s): Boštjan Kerbler,Richard Sendi,Maša Filipovič Hrast / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Housing is a basic human good and right. It plays a versatile role, allowing people to fulfil a number of needs, and it is not limited only to one’s immediate living space, but also includes an individual’s wider living environment. People’s relationship toward housing and their living environment changes over the course of their lives. Especially in old age, housing becomes more important. Research shows that the elderly want to remain in their home environments as long as possible because they are closely attached to them. In order to determine whether these findings also apply to Slovenia, this article analyses how attached the elderly in Slovenia are to their homes and wider living environment and how satisfied they are with living there. The elderly’s views were obtained with a survey, and a statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, based on the calculation of various statistical correlation tests. The analysis confirmed the assumption that the Slovenian elderly are also very attached to their homes or home environments and are satisfied with living there. In addition, the analysis showed some differences among the elderly in this regard depending on their age, where they live and how long they have been living in their current homes.

Sprawl and mega-events: Economic growth and recent urban expansion in a city losing its competitive edge (Athens, Greece)

Author(s): Luca Salvati,Marco Zitti / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In the new context of contemporary cities, local competitiveness for financial resources has grown more than ever, resulting in cities characterised by important socioeconomic transformations. Earlier studies addressed the relation between urban expansion, socioeconomic development and mega-events only for specific areas and types of urban growth, often overlooking the role of mega-events in fuelling urban sprawl. As the host of the 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece is a paradigmatic example for emerging cities hosting mega-events due to the close interconnection between the Olympics, infrastructure development and urban sprawl. This article connects the latent relationship between economic expansion driven by the Olympic Games and laissez-faire urbanism to the long-term unregulated urban expansion characterising Athens’s development. By providing room for the original wave of sprawl, the resulting socioeconomic context is interpreted as a signal of the weakness of the “competitive city” framework in poorly planned and long-deregulated urban contexts such as Athens. A comprehensive analysis of recent phases of economic growth and discontinuous urban expansion thus provides further insight into understanding sprawl processes in today’s cities, and helps distinguish the morphological patterns and socioeconomic dynamics that characterise urban expansion during sequential cycles of economic expansion and recession.

Factors of the Safety in Bicycle Traffic in the City of Zagreb and its Surrounding

Author(s): Joško Sindik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in underlying factors of Zagreb cycling, compared to the "types of cyclists" (driving style), i.e. different ways of using bicycles as a means of transport. The study included over 3,000 frequent participants in urban traffic cycling, sample of members of the association Cyclist Union (N = 1259) and snowball sample of "typical" of cyclists, i.e. people who are using the bike, but are not the members of the Cyclist Union (N = 1831), using the conveniently assembled questionnaire. Study participants who bike used in various applications prefer the safest driving style (only on sidewalks and bike paths / lines). Barriers of the weather conditions are ubiquitous in the safest driving style. Daily, weekly and yearly riding a bicycle are more often found in those who prefer the safest driving style. Cyclists who drive with medium secure style (roads with less traffic and lower speeds), more often ride a bike, as compared with those who prefer the safest driving style. Having a better bike line / track and other infrastructure is the most often considered at those with the highest risk driving style. The results provide the guidance for local authorities and for the cyclists to improve the conditions for a safer and more often by bicycle circulation in the City of Zagreb and its surroundings.

Odrodzenie średnich miast

Author(s): Andrzej Majer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The changes which took place in cities in the second half of the 20th century and in the 21st century can be depicted using a scheme of the triad of urbanization, the first part of which is the past urban crisis; the second part – the reaction of social systems to the crisis, i. e. urban renewal; and the third part being the revival of cities. The previously renovated urban centers are gradually being filled with the material fabric of science and culture and places of creative activity for people, who are thus reborn, enriched, and strive to be called „creative”. Medium cities are understood here as relatively large urban centers with less than 1 million inhabitants, which takes into account both population and functional criteria.Empirical indicators indicate a positive trend of „rebirth”, which is noticeable in growing populations and in the form of changes in the number, structure, and quality of retail chains, service outlets, and entertainment and gastronomic facilities serving popular culture. In American andEuropean conurbations, which have already undergone „renewal” treatment, the revitalized space and socio-cultural attributes of the new urban environment attract amateurs once again. These tendencies are also beginning to be visible in the post-socialist cities in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland.

Obszary wiejskie jako miejsce powstawania nowych ruchów społecznych. Implikacje teoretyczne i empiryczne

Author(s): Grzegorz Foryś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

One can say that the changes affecting rural areas reflect the processes and phenomena on the level of society as whole. The growing importance of social movements, especially new social movements, which can be observed in contemporary societies, as well as the logic of changes taking place in rural areas, makes it possible to identify the space which these two seemingly distant phenomena share. This article points out the processes which underlie the new social movements coming into existence in rural areas. Simultaneously, the article shows that theories of social movements are useful for analysis of contemporary rural areas. There are two reasons for this approach: Firstly, social movements in modern societies are among the main expressions of empowerment for entire societies, communities, and particular social groups. Thus any new research on social movements deserves attention. Secondly, application of the theory of social movements to analyse the collective behaviour of farmers and rural area residents has been applied in the sociological literature in Poland and elsewhere, usually in the context of collective protest actions of this social group.However, this theory is not widely used to analyse everyday non-protest activities of certain categories of rural residents. The main question is: Is the theory of social movements the right tool for analysing changes in contemporary rural areas?

Avaliação da política urbana na luta contra a exclusão social, com exemplos das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo

Author(s): Karel Dolinski / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 15/2016

The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the urban policies concerning the social exclusion. Analyzed polices have been introduced in the two biggest cities in Brazil: Sao Paulo, the most populated city in South America and Rio de Janeiro, the iconic city of this country.

E pluribus unum? Źródła i specyfika ruchów miejskich we współczesnej Polsce

Author(s): Przemysław Pluciński,Marek Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This article focuses on two threads: identification and interpretation of the sources of urban social movements in Poland, and an attempt to diagnose the phenomenon. Ideological tensions are shown to be present within the various strands of urban activism, to a varying degree seeking identity in connection with the traditional “right to the city”. We also look for synergy, a peculiar “unity in diversity” arising out of the conditions of a modern Central European city. The final part of the text consists of a quantitative analysis and an attempt to characterize urban movements, using Poznań asan example. The data sources used were exit polls and data from the National Electoral Commission.

Formy wspierania działalności twórczych w ośrodkach miejskich

Author(s): Beata Namyślak / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 27/2017

In recent years, more and more often urban centers take steps to strengthening their role increative industries in the city economy. The aim of the work to describe the most common actions aimed atthe development of creative industries in various cities of Europe. Based on collected data and case studiesthe author presents conclusions, grouped according to financial aid for entrepreneurs, social actions, initialingcreative clusters and revitalization of urban areas.

Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie wykluczenia komunikacyjnego w transporcie kolejowym na przykładzie województwa dolnośląskiego

Author(s): Andrzej Raczyk,Mateusz Smolarski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 27/2017

Lower Silesia is characterized by a high density of its railway system. The current layout of ithas formed since the mid-nineteenth century, going through a few stages of development until today. Firstof all, the main skeleton was made, then local connections were successively being added. The present analysisconcerns primarily the stage of liquidating railway lines and suspensions in the regional passenger railtransport in Lower Silesia Voivodship. A significant element here is the time characteristic of it, since eachstage of suspending the movement reveals spatial differentiation. The authors made an assessment of thelinks between liquidations of the passenger railway connections and the demographic potential of localitieswhich have lost their access to the railway transport. Also, in their analysis, they included an evaluation ofthe course of the process of closing selected railway lines (a case study) and verification of the planned worksmeant to restore the Lower Silesia railway system.

Problemy rewitalizacji obszarów zdegradowanych małych miast na przykładzie miasta Radzionków

Author(s): Henryk Brandenburg,Gabriel Tobor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 502/2018

The surroundings of enterprises are becoming more and more evolutionary, the life of products is shortening, and as a consequence of the implementation of innovative projects new products, which often satisfy customers’ requirements in a better way and which are produced at a lower cost and offered at a lower price, appear on the market. Changes of the surroundings have also a great impact on the decisions made by local self-governments. Nowadays, towns are units capable of deciding on their own future because they are, to a lesser extent than in the past, subject to central authorities and decisions. Not only are they given the responsibility to satisfy current social needs but also the rights to decide on the directions of local economic development. After presenting Radzionków and changes which have recently taken place in its surroundings, the article presents the programme of revitalization of its degraded areas as well as the analysis of the content of the programme in the context of the proposed solutions to potential problems related to the revitalization of degraded areas which may be applied in other towns.

Z domową ojczyzną w sercu

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2005

Tak właśnie - z domową oj czyzną w sercu - idzie przez życie - niełatwe, po bene- dyktyńsku pracowite, znaczone niejedną odmianą fortuny, ale piękne, gdyż owocne, obfituj ące w trwałe dzieła - Profesor Tadeusz Olej nik.

O kontroli zmysłowości i dostępie do toalet publicznych

Author(s): Marianna Kostecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

The aim of the paper is to place the phenomenon of public restroom in two contexts: 1. historical and cultural, which is related to the effect of rising “threshold of shame”, as analysed by Norbert Elias, as well as to the civilizational changes that influence society and individual; 2. socio-economical, regarding the accessibility of public toilets, which in turn has an impact on who, when and where can use them. In its first part, the work utilizes tools derived from psychoanalysis and anthropology, especially Mary Douglas’ theory of dirt and cleanliness. Part two is dedicated to the consideration of situations of different social groups, i.e. homeless people, street traders, taxi drivers, for whom, in author’s opinion, the matters of accessibility of public restrooms are especially important, having effect on their levels of prosperity and wellbeing.