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Article analyzes different ways of describing the area of a country / city through the prism of olfactory perception in online discourse. This study is an attempt to describe the specifics of the national-cultural identity odourative signs, securing stable olfactory associations for this or that object actually developing in a cultural stereotype. On the internet travelogues material of texts identified frequency metaphorical images based on combination of olfactory perception in the minds of existing and impressions of various countries / cities. Identified metaphor model reflect the particular situation of linguistic coding olfactory perception, acting as culturally significant landmarks.
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The author provides a detailed case study and reflective account of the aBerNo project. The course, making full use of videoconferencing, covered all four language learning skills through the teaching of key academic skills. The article covers key stages in the course’s development and highlights the work expected and outcomes achieved. Many technology-related issues are discussed, as are assessment procedures. The author provides a personal insight into the workings of a carefully developed project designed to enhance both the linguistic and academic skills of high-level students.
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The authors highlight the processes and outcomes of videoconferencing using an active participation approach. Two contrasting student groups at different universities were able to participate in a varied programme of tasks using creativity to improve socio-linguistic skills. The course was task-orientated, with the learners generating or sourcing the majority of materials. A mix of the theoretical and the practical was used to underpin the programme.
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The author looks at key issues facing managers in establishing effective videoconferencing courses in higher education. The issues highlighted are of a practical nature, but ones which cannot be ignored by those in charge of managing resources, including creating the right physical space, looking at timing and intercultural questions, and making proper use of both physical and human resources. This chapter provides an overview and helpful checklist to maximise the added value and quality of courses for all stakeholders.
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The developments following the 2020 U.S. presidential election, which took place during the writing of this chapter, have once more highlighted the problem of societal polarisation, information manipulation, and the influence of new information technologies on societies’ political decision-making and real-time behaviour. The 2021 storming of the U.S. Capitol, ‘the most recognized symbol of democratic governance in the world’, brought to fore questions around the collective responsibility of citizens, politicians, and tech giants to better understand, protect, and exercise freedom of speech in a time of disinformation. For example: What constitutes ‘harmful’ online content? Where does the border lie between online content that is protected by the right to freedom of expression and online content that should, or needs to, be regulated? Should tech giants be liable for the information they host? Do they have different obligations to society than other private companies do?
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Cybersecurity is one of the new dimensions of security, the one responsible for ensuring a secure online space, a space which can be used safely in all areas of people’s lives - from finance to social media, education, economy, politics, information, debate and even military. Because over 50% of the population is connected in 2020 to the internet, both for work and personal purposes, as numerous transactions are being registered in the cyberspace every second, government and private sector alike need to work together to secure this space to develop early-warning systems and protect the IT infrastructure of any kind of attacks. There are tools for measuring and monitoring cyber-attacks, which need to be explored and constantly improved. But this is not enough as the use of these tools needs to be completed by the joint efforts in raising the users’ awareness in protecting against any attacks. Additionally, exploring and taking advantage of the benefits a digital economy and society can offer should be supported by investments in education and training while maintaining an updated and secure infrastructure.
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The report outlines: the current situation in the Red Sea and the Somali Basin, examining its impact on international maritime transport. Discussed are key principles of international law and organizations involved in combating piracy and armed robbery, detailing incidents occurring from 2019 to 2023. The mission and tasks of Operation “Atalanta”, which is one of the primary anti-piracy operations in the Somali Basin, are described along with the current situation in the Area of Operation (AOO). The report briefly narrates the situation with M/V Ruen. It outlines conditions under which the use of Bulgarian Naval Forces in countering piracy is feasible. The paper proposes some directions for addressing piracy and armed robbery issues.
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