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Jan Palach’s life and shocking death have come under even greater focus as Czech society looks back after 40 years on the act which has become lodged in the nation’s collective memory.
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Mr Vice-chairman, Madam Chairwoman, ladies and gentlemen, I have been given the honour of presenting a text by a professor emeritus at the University of Hawaii, Rudolph Joseph Rummel, who unfortunately could not attend our conference for health reasons. In the second part of this presentation I will take the liberty of appending some of my own words. So now let’s take: “Worse than the Black Death – Marxism.” (I would like to draw attention to the fact that I am abridging this paper and I hope that its full version will be reproduced by the organisers and made available to you)...
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Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime came into force on 25 October 2012. These rules have established minimum rights of victims in the whole territory of the European Union, including proper support, information and protection. The EU’s Member States have until 16 November 2015 to implement the European provisions in their national laws but the obligation is also imminent for countries that are on the road to EU membership. Therefore this paper discusses the right to a review of a decision not to prosecute under article 11th Directive 2012/29/EU, and presents comparative solutions in Germany and Italy. In the paper author analyses the degree of alignment of Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Croatian law with the article 11 of the Directive, and makes final evaluation regarding compatibility of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Croatian legal system with the requirements of the Directive 2012/29/EU in the light of victims’ rights in the event of a decision not to prosecute.
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Violent offences directed against body integrity of other persons are in¬disputably considered as the most dangerous forms and aspects of criminality. They are known as the offences against body integrity or “blood offences”. Due to its significance, nature, characteristics and consequences, the crime of murder, for which all contemporary legislations prescribe the most severe types and measures of punishment, particularly stands out among these criminal offences. There are three types of murder. They include: 1) ordinary (common) murder, 2) murder committed under mitigating circumstances and 3) murder committed under aggravating circumstances, for which the most severe punishment is prescribed – the punishment of long – term or life – time prison. All contemporary criminal legislations are familiar with various forms and aspects of the crime of murder, depending on the division criteria. Murders committed out of various (different) motives that inspired their perpetrators to cause the death of another person, particularly stand out among other types of murder. Depending on its nature, type, contents and characteristics, perpetrator’s motive, may appear either as an aggravating or as a mitigating circumstance. This paper discusses the term, characteristics, and elements of the crime of murder in the cases when the attribute of child as the element of their description, from both – theoretical as well as practical aspect.
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Silovanje se uglavnom definira kao seksualni odnos ili druga vrsta seksualne penetracije počinjena od strane učinioca tog krivičnog djela prema žrtvi, bez njenog pristanka.1 Razlike u definiranju krivičnog djela silovanja postoje između različitih zakonodavstava, u zavisnosti od poimanja djela koja su ta društva usvojila, na osnovu tradicijskih, kulturoloških i društvenih vrijednosti koje se štite krivičnim zakonodavstvima, što je uveliko uvjetovano i stepenom njihovog razvoja u zaštiti ljudskih prava.
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Istraživanje o percepciji krivičnog djela silovanja i žena koje su preživjele silovanje je provedeno u sklopu predmeta Socijalna percepcija i stavovi na Odsjeku za psihologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu, u periodu maj - juni 2017. godine. Tema istraživanja je izabrana zbog njene važnosti i nedostatka prostora za diskusiju o istoj. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija potvrdila je da otprilike 10-27% žena tokom svog života doživi seksualno nasilje. Veliki broj žena ne prijavljuje nasilje zbog straha od počinitelja, straha od osuđivanja okoline, stida te nepovjerenja u krivičnopravni sistem. Primarni cilj konstruiranja skala stavova bio je formiranje upitnika sa najpouzdanijim česticama. Sekundarni cilj bio je detektovanje predrasuda u stavovima prema ženama koje su pretrpjele silovanje. Skala se u prvoj fazi sastojala od 62 čestice, koje su nakon istraživanja sužene na 20 čestica sa najvišom pouzdanošću. Skala koja je korištena sastavljena je od tri različite skale koje kao objekat imaju silovanje, žene koje su pretpjele silovanje i stepen empatisanja. Skala se može primjenjivanju u otkrivanju predrasuda, s ciljem njihove korekcije edukacijom.
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Violence is one of the primeval instincts of human kind. It is not restricted by spatio-temporal frontiers and majority of human beings, irrespective of their gender, age, nationality, orientation, etc. are subjected to some form of violence during their lives. However, as the societal conditions have always enabled the subjugation of the “weak” by the “powerful”, violence against women has been identified globally as one of the most systematic and widespread human rights violations. Using three short stories authored by Jagadish Gupta, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay, and Mahasweta Devi in twentieth century Bengal as case studies, this paper seeks to examine the diverse trajectories of violence perpetrated against women in the aforesaid period. Analysing particular modes of violence like dowry-based homicide, witch-hunting, and rape as political instrument of oppression, this study intends to qualify Michael Taussig’s thesis on “culture of terror” by situating it against the wider backdrop of the “culture of violence” and the discourses of resistance that simultaneously emerged in twentieth century Bengal.
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Let me introduce myself – my name is Child. Surname? Well, Child. Nationality, religion? Again, Child. Age? Newly-born Child, living in…well, in the world of children. I beg your pardon? How come I’m here? Well, it wasn’t my will. And, believe me, nobody asked me anything. I even resisted for nine months. They were a li le rough and, against my will, I simply stepped into this... no, I fell into this world. And, believe me, I met with problems immediately – I didn’t hear quite well, especially with my le ear. Probably due to many rifl e salvoes, fi red as a salute to me. Or, perhaps, to get me accustomed to that terrible music. It’s probably a sign that they already have one person more. God, I’m going to be a real hero! What then, I ask myself, being as lonely as I am, and le to to my own thoughts, while I watch them with open eyes, so drunk and dazed.
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Of all the misfortunes that happen to my people, but also to all the other peoples, without exception, I am most upset with those involving children. I don’t justify wars, which are begun by the adults, not by children who are completely innocent, but perish without even beginning to live. I think there is no punishment harsh enough to which I’d sentence such people. This is a true story about the destiny of some people, which made a strong impression on me and made me think.
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The purpose of the article is to estimate the consequences that can arise in the household of the injured person, when they discontinue to pay social security insurance contributions because disability caused by motor accident. If the accident causes inability to work arose from someone's guilt, the offender shall bear the cost to repair the damage. If the damage is long-term, this compensation should be based on the payment of annuity, where there can be used two concepts: lifetime annuity, the value of the first payment at the level of net salary of the injured person, term life annuity paid till retirement age, the value of the first payment at the level of the gross salary of the injured person (including contributions to retirement insurance) and indexed by eg. the rate of inflation. In the second case, it is assumed that the injured person receives greater amount and spend it on pension contributions. The authors will make a comparison, which of these two methods of compensation for lost income is more favourable for victims of different age categories from three European countries: Czech Republic, Germany, Poland.
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Liability insurance protect the insured against the financial consequences of the potential claims of persons or entities to whom the insured causes injury and, according to law, is obliged to repair. At the same time liability insurance protects third parties who are injured as a result of the events for which the insurance holder is responsible. They give a sense of security and greater certainty of receipt of future benefits. It should be remembered that the responsibility of the insurer in the liability insurance is limited by amount of cover defined in the contract, representing mostly the limit of liability for one and / or all of the events.
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Domestic violence represents a common problem in society nowadays. In Romania, this issue tends to expand from one generation to another, although the methods for dealing with this current are various in number and complexity, with special reference to the psychological ones. The central factors which give rise to this type of aggressive behaviors are the following: low financial status of the families, social status differences, educational gaps, toxic characters and so on. Within the variety of methods for tackling with the debated subject we can name the legal sanctions applied by the state with the help of the coercive force, the psychotherapy sessions and collective therapy. The article is proposing an extensive analysis in regards to the domestic violence. The paperwork will describe the current legislation of Romania for this issue, the roots of this problem and ways of countering it, all of this while taking into consideration the present social and economic development of the state. In the same manner, it is necessary to observe the reasons why the victims refuse to address their situations to the competent authorities.
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Generic defined as a multiple-victim homicide incident in which the killer’s spouse and one or more children are slain, familicide is an atypical crime, with little incidence compared to other acts of domestic violence. In the present article, we will list several psychological and social features identified in the literature as common to aggressors in familicide cases. Given the fact that familicide acts are almost exclusively committed by men, we will assume that the aggressor is a man and the victim a woman. We will analyze data on the age, social status of the author and the victim, and their relationships. We will also analyze the contextual factors, the characteristics of the crime (modus operandi, premeditation, place of the deed), and the prevalence of mental health problems, relationship problems, and financial difficulties. As the scientific literature on the topic is relatively scarce, due to the low number of cases and the fact that access to relevant information is often restricted because of the confidentiality of legal and health documents, we will carry out a case study of a familicide that took place in Romania in 2018, focusing on the analysis of motivational factors and the pre-existing conditions, without claim of a comprehensive conclusion.
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Sexual delinquency is a phenomenon that goes beyond the framework of naturalness and voluntariness of partners in a sexual relationship. That is complex phenomenon whose essence derives from the special behavior of the offender and his relationship to the victim. The criminal offense of "rape" is a serious crime or serious criminal offense, whose implications are manifested in a person's physical and psychological integrity with very difficult and long-term consequences, both for the individual and for society as a whole. During the investigation of these offenses, a large number of operational and criminalistic measures, as well as proving actions are undertaken. Rape as an offence of sexual violence is a serious attack on person's physical and mental integrity, and the consequences for the victim are serious and long-term. This offense causes a feeling of fear, uncertainty and anxiety among the citizens, and has wide sociological, criminological sociopolitical significance and consequences. The victims of sexual offenses must be treated with caution, and they need to know that they are protected. Inhuman and frivolous behavior to the victim of sexual offence aggravates a traumatized state of the victim. The victims should be provided with adequate treatment, in order to come back to normal life.
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From a time distance of 25 years since the genocide in Srebrenica, it is possible to additionally look at the events of that time and give a look at international politics and law. Srebrenica is a symbol of the inaction of the international community, especially the UN, which was later admitted. Developments are directly related to international politics and law as well as the work of the ICTY/ MICT. Undoubtedly, the genocide in Srebrenica marked international politics, but it also influenced the development of international law, especially criminal and humanitarian law.
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Svjedočenje ovog počinioca, možda kao nijedno drugo, otkriva lice genocida, njegovo prazno, bezdušno lice. Kad su počinioci ugledali dječaka, vidjeli su ljudsko biće, stali su i spustili automatsko oružje. Prestali su činiti zlo, jer su u tom trenutku shvatili kakvo je to, ustvari, bilo zlo. Moramo se zapitati: Šta se dogodilo s dječakom koji je tražio svoga oca? Je li ubijen? Jesu li ga počinioci poštedjeli? Nihilizam genocida tjera nas da pretpostavimo da je dječak ubijen zajedno sa svojim ocem. Mržnja unutar samog genocida je sveukupna. Njena negativnost tjera nas da mislimo najgore i tjera nas u crnu rupu svoje monstruoznosti. [...]
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This essay examines the interpretative model devised by the Argentine anthropologist Rita Laura Segato, in reference to the phenomenon of sexual violence. It not only highlights the originality of her theses, but also seeks to provide further insights. Starting from Segato’s analysis of rape, a political act that expresses a ‘moralizing’ intent, we will see how feminist political thought is developing an innovative approach to this phenomenon, by contributing to lift the veil of ambiguity that often accompanies debates about sexual violence, both in the public sphere and in courtrooms. In doing so, the essay emphasizes its inextricable link with power, domination, and cultural construction of masculinity in the framework of patriarchal societies.
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This essay examines the interpretative model devised by the Argentine anthropologist Rita Laura Segato, in reference to the phenomenon of sexual violence. It not only highlights the originality of her theses, but also seeks to provide further insights. Starting from Segato’s analysis of rape, a political act that expresses a ‘moralizing’ intent, we will see how feminist political thought is developing an innovative approach to this phenomenon, by contributing to lift the veil of ambiguity that often accompanies debates about sexual violence, both in the public sphere and in courtrooms. In doing so, the essay emphasizes its inextricable link with power, domination, and cultural construction of masculinity in the framework of patriarchal societies.
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Alija Isaković`s „Antologija zla“ presents the last war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995 – 1995) and shows the position of the victim in the siege of Sarajevo. The main aim of this work is to see Alija Isaković`s „Antologija zla“ through the poetics of testimony. Poetics of testimony is focused on these aspects: the image of history through victim`s perspective, trauma as a consequence of the history, the position of the witness, place and time of witnessing, and the narration- witnessing. Those aspects will be analyzed in „Antologija zla“
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