ОБРАЗЫ «МЫ» И «ОНИ» В МАССМЕДИЙНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА В ТАТАРСТАНЕ

Author(s): Aida Nailevna Nurutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article deals with the mass media discourse related to the terrorist attack occurred in summer 2012 in Kazan. The analysis of publications from the federal newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta and the regional newspaper Respublika Tatarstan made it possible to identify characteristic features of the images of “us” and “them” as well as similarities and differences in their representation. The ideological means used in the texts and contributing to the preservation or transformation of the relations of domination in the region are determined.

МЕДИАНАРРАТИВ ПОДЖОГОВ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ ЦЕРКВЕЙ В ТАТАРСТАНЕ: КОНТРКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФЕНОМЕН ИЛИ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЕ?

Author(s): Aida Nailevna Nurutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

The article analyzes the media narrative of arson attacks on Orthodox churches, which occurred in autumn 2013 in Tatarstan. The study of news programs on three national TV channels (Channel One, Russia and NTV) allowed us to identify the basic elements of the narrative’s plotline and the characteristic features of the images of “we” and “them” and their variations. The analysis revealed a transformation from the counter-cultural rhetoric of the messages to the criminal one, which served as a way of completion of the media narrative and formation of a complete picture of reality.

Ethnos (έθνος) a wyzwania społeczeństwa globalnego

Author(s): Areti Demosthenous / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

Ethnos is a broad term, often understood as an element in nation making, or else an umbrella term for the processes of building the modern nation. The academic discussion around ethnos nowadays is being challenged not only by the principles of globalization, and with them a possibility of a global village, where nations will or will not have an important role, but also the efforts to establish states based on faith and strong ideology on the part of some right wing parties or the supporters of the Muslim caliphate. This article presents a short study on the problems created by globalization and discusses the parameters of possible influences imposed on the nation by world coalitions and associations. It addresses questions like: Can the nation survive in a globalized society? What kinds of nations might be developed in the future? Is the Greek ethnos compatible with these developments? What is the relation of radicalization and terrorism to nation building?

Przedmowa do pierwszego numeru Studiów Krytycznych/Critical Studies

Author(s): Mariusz Baranowski,Sławomir Czapnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Naturalisme et constructivisme dans la critique sociale radicale

Author(s): Boyan Znepolski / Language(s): French Issue: 45-46/2018

‘I Don't Want To be a Playa No More': An Exploration of the Denigrating Effects of ‘Player' as a Stereotype Against African American Polyamorous Men

Author(s): Leonard Justin Clardy / Language(s): English Issue: 11 (25)/2018

This paper shows how amatonormativity and its attendant social pressures converge at the intersections of race, gender, romantic relationality, and sexuality to generate peculiar challenges to polyamorous African American men in American society. Contrary to the view maintained in the “slut-vs-stud” phenomenon, I maintain that the label ‘player’ when applied to polyamorous African American men functions as a pernicious stereotype and has denigrating effects. Specifically, I argue that stereotyping polyamorous African American men as players estranges them from themselves and it constrains their agency by preemptively foreclosing the set of possibilities of what one’s sexual or romantic relational identities can be.

Автентичният реакционер

Author(s): Nicolás Gómez Dávila / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

This short text presents Davila’s understanding of freedom and history beyond the notions of necessity, on the one hand, and arbitrariness, on the other hand, as well as beyond the rigid perspective of a unified dialectical-historical development. This understanding is embodied in the figure of the reactionary, who by his ideas, stands on the arena of modern times in opposition to the representative of necessity – the radical progressive, and the representative of historical arbitrariness – the liberal progressive. The authentic reactionary carries serene optimism, as he looks from the impasse of his situation in the present world towards a new horizon of essences, i.e., as he looks entirely beyond the world.

РИСКЪТ ОТ РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИЯ В КОНТЕКСТА НА ИНТЕНЗИВНА ИМИГРАЦИЯ

Author(s): Borislav Antonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The report analyzes the preconditions for radicalization of the Bulgarian society in the context of intensive entry of immigrants, the majority of whom are Muslims, coming from areas with combat activities. The main causes and motives of terrorist actions, drawn from Islamic dogmatics, are discussed. Finally, the report outlines state policies to minimize radicalization and its accompanying phenomena - Islamophobia and Europhobia.

Masculinity and Affectedness: An Intersectional Perspective on Gender, Power, and Activism in the Global South

Author(s): Sensenig Eugene Richard / Language(s): English Issue: 12 (26)/2019

Based on the concept of ‘affectedness’ (or ‘Betroffenheit’, Mies 1978), this articleattempts to demonstrate how all participants in research, education, and social activism in theMiddle East and North Africa (MENA) are impacted by the lack of a stable social environment,which is seen as the bedrock of scholarship by mainstream Northern theories and scientificmethodologies. Researchers, academics and activists – as part of civil society – must deal with thisintentional lack of security, social justice and freedom. In it we can recognize a form of eliteproduced, and potentially indefinite, postcolonial, systemic liminality. Whether women or men,from the Global South or North, we should consider how the topics we are studying and theconditions under which we work impact us individually and collectively. Inversely, we shoulddetermine how our endeavors directly impact the lives and environment of the subjects we areinteracting with. Reflection on the impact of affectedness-based research methods in the MiddleEast, and their application to work with men and masculinities in the region, is the maincontribution of this article.

The Persistence of Global Masculinism: Discourse, Gender and Neo-Colonial ReArticulations of Violence Lucy Nicholas and Christine Agius

Author(s): Jegić Denijal / Language(s): English Issue: 12 (26)/2019

Magyarország az európai munkamegosztásban. A termelés áthelyezése a globális járműipari értékláncokban

Author(s): András Pinkasz,Tamás Gerőcs / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 26/2019

The world economic reintegration of the East and Central European (ECE) region started in the midst of the global crises and the subsequent restructuring in the international division of labour in the 1970s. However, the region’s economic and financial dependence on the capitalist world system did not become apparent until the political regime change in 1990 and the collapse of Comecon in 1991. The consolidation of the new international division of labor was completed after the world economic crisis in 2008. Ever since the 1970s, the ECE region’s economic integration was determined by both external and internal factors. The authors strongly emphasize both the changes in the technological development that affected their access to the state of the art technologies and the reorganization of the Western European production networks around which neomercantilist institutions in the whole of the European Union has dominated. The overproduction crisis manifest in the production of the combustion engines and the increasing presence of the electric vehicles resulted in the re-organization of the German automotive value chains in the region. Due to the increasingly standardized production processes and their deteriorating ability to produce high value-added products, relocation from Germany to ECE accelerated since 2008 upon which a new semi-peripheral accumulation regime has emerged that serves the interests of German capital and reproduces ECE’s historical dependency on external finance and technology. The economic policies of the Hungarian government is understood in this context as the peripheral version of the German neomercantilist model.

Śmierć intelektualisty. Nareszcie!

Author(s): Jacek Zych / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2019

Until recently, the “intellectual” was a figure associated with many myths. Karl Marx abandoned a career as a bourgeois academic and journalist to become a permanent political exile; György Lukács gave a pen to a KGB officer, after he had been asked to lay down arms; Kuroń and Modzelewski wrote a “Letter to the Party,” and as a result they spent years in prison; Sartre declined the Nobel Prize… Now the figure of the intellectual is dead. The contemporary Polish academic could not be more distant from this topos. The contemporary Polish academic is a conformist and careerist producing articles in the same way a factory worker produces commodities. However, in contrast to the latter, the former is unable either to reflect on or to fight for anything, even himself. But although bourgeois economists believe that “There has been history, but there is no longer any” and will be content to convert intellectuals into wage labourers, history is only just beginning. Total alienation, the subsuming of the faculty of thought to the accumulation of capital, demands total rebellion.

Przychylność rzeźnika. Wizja ładu stowarzyszeniowego Edwarda Abramowskiego

Author(s): Andrzej Waśkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2019

This article presents Edward Abramowski’s vision of an order based on associations such as cooperative businesses and self-help friendship unions. Abramowski imagined the new, grassroots-derived order to be the answer to the permanent disorder produced by capitalism and state coercion. Cooperatives are necessarily guided by the aim of economic profit, but that profit is divided equally among the cooperative members; friendship unions are guided by empathy and rely on reciprocity. Voluntary associations can provide nearly everything society needs in order to function. They can thus replace the state, including the socialist state, in which the institution of coercion – even if democratic – is inscribed. Abramowski thought that partitioned Poland could be reborn in this form, even while the nation remained formally under the sovereignty of the Russian tsar. The author of the article describes Abramowski’s vision of a reborn Republic as part of the current of “a-capitalist” utopias which derive from the Aristotelian concept of utility-based friendship. In the form of the sharing economy this current reappeared after the economic crisis of 2008.

Élelmiszer-önrendelkezés

Author(s): Bálint Balázs / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

By food sovereignty we mean everyday practices and political strategies that enable communities to organize food production in a socially and ecologically sustainable, democratica and resilient way – as opposed to the profit-driven, unsustainable practices of the global industrial food production. All approaches of food sovereignty (bottom up or top down, coordinated by the market, the state or by civil society) consider food as commons, and their aim is to produce and distribute food in a democratic way.

ISLAMIC STATE AND JIHADIST MEDIA STRATEGIES IN THE POST-SOVIET REGION

Author(s): Ian MacWilliam / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

The Syrian war is the first of the modern Islamist “jihad” conflicts to have attracted large numbers of recruits from Central Asia and the post-Soviet region. Some 9,000 men and women from the post-Soviet republics travelled to Syria, including 4,000-7,000 Central Asians, many of them recruited in Russia. Why did the Islamic State’s caliphate attract such large numbers? Information manipulation was central to IS strategic planning and a primary factor in its unprecedented global recruiting success. IS produced Russian-language media content to build support among post-Soviet Muslims. At the same time, emerging communications networks are building ties between “Russianspeaking” Muslims and the Middle East. Jihadist media engagement in Russian and in Central Asian languages, exploiting these new networks, was a key factor in attracting Central Asians to support the caliphate.

Robin Pajtás Szabadiskolája. Az antiautoriter, közösségi és forradalmi nevelés egy gyakorlati kísérlete Magyarországon

Author(s): Robin Goodfellow Collective Robin Pajtás Kollektíva / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

The Free School of Robin Goodfellow is a pedagogical initiative launched in 2014, the aim of which is to present an alternative – theoretical as well as practical – to the existing system of education. Since its foundation, the free school has been seeking to be a pioneer in the area of education, trying to put into practice the principles of an anti-authoritarian and communitarian education on the basis of a radical critique of society, supporting a revolutionary transformation of social relations.The authors of this essay have been among the founders of the free school, who summarize the key thoughts of their lectures and papers presented and published during the last several years. They also describe the programs organized by the free school, which range from shadow-plays to the modelling of processes that form the surface of the Earth. They also reflect on the difficulties – both objective and subjective – which have hindered the development of their pedagogical attempt, and hope to provide help for all those who are dissatisfied with the present educational system, while being open to a radical critique of capitalism and ready to act for a change.

„A demokrácia nem főnév, hanem ige. Csak akkor van, ha csináljuk!” Politikai oktatás a Közélet Iskolájában

Author(s): Éva Tessza Udvarhelyi,Ágnes Fernengel,Gabriella Csoszó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

In this article we discuss the political education program of the School of Public Life, which works for a just and democratic society, where people regardless of their social status can participate in public life. Thus we host events where adult participants can learn about grassroots organizing, advocacy and movement building. In the article we discuss how this activist school was founded, our educational, research and strategic planning activities, the difficulties we face, and we also write about how we develop our curriculum. Finally we demonstrate our practice of critical pedagogy through the examples of three training series: Basics of organizing, Photography and activism and Municipal election workshops.

Notional and conceptual approaches to radicalization as a process of violent extremism development

Author(s): Aleksandar L. Jugović,Dragan V. Živaljević / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Radicalization is a political, social, psychological and group process that leads to the circumstances where certain political beliefs are accompanied by the readiness of an individual or a group to manifest violent extremism and acts of terrorism in a direct manner. This paper is aimed at the analysis of the concepts of radicalization, extremism and terrorism, and the classification and explanation of different concepts of radicalization. The paper applies the methods of analysis, synthesis and classification. Radicalization is classified and explained through three general approaches: structural contexts, risk factors and the development of radicalization. The key result of the paper is the conclusion about the need for the scientific development of a comprehensive theory of radicalization. The synthetic integrative theory of radicalization development should take into account different and mutually conditioned dimensions of this process.

Egyenes kasza – Parasztok a 20. század forradalmában (Eric Wolf: Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century)

Author(s): Zsófia Ádám / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

Eric Wolf: Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century

„Dühöng a fősodor”. Az Orbán-rendszer populista diskurzusai a populáris zenében

Author(s): Emília Barna,Ágnes Patakfalvi Czirják / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 30/2022

Our paper looks at the relation between populism and popular music in the context of Hungarian society and politics after 2010. We aim to answer the question of how popular music is able to pave the way for populist discourses, and how this is connected to both musical aesthetic and form, and the economic, social and political embeddedness of musicians. The paper understands populist discourses as part of the hegemony building of the Orbán regime, as an ideological pillar that underpins certain elements of post-2010 governance, while obscuring others. Our analysis is aimed at three songs, namely “Hazatalál” (Finding home) (2018) by Ákos, “Tizenötmillióból egy” (One of fifteen million) (2016) by Kowalsky meg a Vega, and “Akit a hazája nem szeretett” (They who were not loved by their country) (2020) by János Bródy. In addition to analysing the songs as texts, we consider the context of production, distribution, as well as performance, where the capitalist logic of the music industry becomes combined with the assertion of political power. Moreover, we analyse the songs together with the – at times changing – music industry and social position of the musicians. Within the music industry position of the musicians, a dependence on market relations appears together with a closely related reliance on state cultural and media politics.