ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ТЕРРОРИЗМА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

Author(s): Airat Shamilevich Bik-Bulatov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article deals with the main interpretations of the Russian political terrorism of the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries in the journalistic writings of the said period. The views of revolutionary terrorists, the followers of the Pochvennichestvo and liberal Narodnichestvo movements, and early Marxists are presented. The ratio of sociopolitical types of a nihilist, revolutionary and terrorist in the journalistic essays is found out. The dynamics in understanding the image of a terrorist, associated with the overcoming of its glorification in socialistic press of the early 1900s is traced.

ТЕМА РЕЛИГИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ТЕОРИЙ ПРЕССЫ

Author(s): Timur Vitalyevich Shayhitdinov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

Peculiar features of covering the religion theme in media are considered depending on the press theory, under which a given source of information functions. The publishing activity of “Charlie Hebdo”, a French weekly magazine, is in line with the libertarian and Soviet theories of press brought to the extreme, i.e., information anarchism and extremism. It is argued that the disregard of communication rules, which are generally accepted in other models of press, by the editorial staff resulted in the high conflictogenity of caricatures about Islam published in the magazine. They eventually motivated the terrorist act. The professional requirement for journalists is established, i.e., the need to study the specifics of other concepts of press in order to avoid conflicts.

ХЬЮИ ПЕРСИ НЬЮТОН – ЛЕВЫЙ РАДИКАЛ И ОСНОВАТЕЛЬ ПАРТИИ «ЧЁРНЫЕ ПАНТЕРЫ»

Author(s): Oleg Vyacheslavovich Bodrov,Ramil Ilgizovich Akhmetshin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper is devoted to the political biography and ideological views of H.P. Newton, who was an outstanding fighter for civil rights of African Americans, political thinker, human rights activist, and internationally recognized scholar. The aim of this paper is historical analysis of the phenomenon of the radical leftist current in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century based on the research of the political views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party. In order to achieve the set aim, the following tasks are solved: (1) to consider the reasons, conditions, and actualization of radical leftist currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century; (2) to reveal the occurrence, major historical and ideological events in the activity of African American radical leftists by the example of the “Black Panthers” party, as well as to show the role and place of the party in the social and political life of the USA; (3) to analyze the consequences of the development of radical currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century. The scientific novelty of the paper is that it, for the first time in the modern Russian historiography, provides a complex analysis of the phenomenon of leftist currents in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century using the views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party, as the example. For a long time, there was a stereotype of social and political life in the United States, according to which the “Black Panthers” party headed by H.P. Newton was a criminal terrorist organization. However, an alternative point of view based on newly emerging data from the declassified archives has recently gained strength in the US historiography. This paper is one of the first attempts in Russian historiography to give an objective and undistorted image of H.P. Newton as a representative of radical leftists in the movement of African Americans for civil rights during the second half of the 20th century.

Kształtowanie popularnej wiedzy o Holocauście na przykładzie trzech artykułów z polskiej, hebrajskiej i angielskiej Wikipedii

Author(s): Daniel Wolniewicz-Slomka / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2016

The goal of this article is to examine how different events and phenomena related to the Second World War and the Holocaust are framed via Wikipedia articles written in Polish, Hebrew and English. Departing from the pillars of the theory of framing in mass media, the article conducts a content analysis of three articles, in three different languages. The articles under analysis are the following: “Auschwitz-Birkenau Camp”, “The Pogrom in Jedwabne”, and “Righteous Among the Nations”. The analysis will use the four roles of frames as categories, determined by Entman: definition of the problem/phenomenon, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Analyzing how the articles fulfill each of the roles in the different languages, the research hypothesis is that the framing of the phenomena will differ between the versions, and each version will follow pillars of the collective memory of the Holocaust in its respective country. Findings, however, are not in complete compliance with this hypothesis.

Radykalizm i ekstremizm nowych ruchów społecznych na przykładzie Frontu Wyzwolenia Zwierząt

Author(s): Arkadiusz Machniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

A háziasszony és munkája a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Wally Seccombe / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 24/2018

One of the significant figures of the “domestic-labour debate” in the United States of the 1970s was Wally Seccombe, who was among the firsts to understand the centrality of housewives’ labour to capitalism through Marxist terminology. He consistently applied the value theory of labour to the reproduction of labour itself, challenging both Marxist and bourgeois economic approaches which did not consider domestic labour as a structural part of the capitalist mode of production, and therefore participated in making the labour and position of housewives ‘invisible’. For Seccombe, the fundamental and unsolved duality of domestic labour is that while it constantly creates value through the reproduction of commodified labour, it is not recognized as productive labour since it is not directly related to capital and does not produce surplus value. Therefore, domestic 258 FORDULAT 24 labour is not renumerated by any wage, which has important consequences for the social position, conscience and possibilities of the housewife. Reproductive work necessary for the sustainment of her husband, her children and herself is presented as a natural female obligation and charity, masking the fundamental deception of capitalism that wage is in fact not meant to be for labour, but for the reproduction of the labour force. Domestic labour signifies her total material dependence from her husband and her isolation from the public sphere, which together limit her possibilities to represent her own interests and to take part in collective resistance. Between the industrial and the domestic domain lies therefore the most remarkable fault line of the working class, which turns members of the same household silently against each other and excludes housewives from the sphere of collective organization and struggle.

Руските журналисти: радикализация на виртуалното пространство

Author(s): Jan Morawicki / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Journalism in Russia is facing problems related not only to the presence of an authoritarian regime. The fast changes in the distribution of information (the growing popularity of social media) have led to – in the current political paradigm – the formation of specific strategies in journalistic behaviour in the virtual space. The following types of relations can be said to have been marked by the characteristics of those changes: employee – employer, journalist – society, journalist – journalist, journalist – the state.

Bevezető a Fordulat 25. számához

Author(s): Dénes Csurgó,Mátyás Domschitz,Márton Fabók,Nóra Fülöp,Bence Horváth,Kristóf Nagy,Zoltán Sidó,Liza Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

This issue examines the interrelation of capitalism and climate change

Emberi tényező? Az antropocén-narratíva kritikája

Author(s): Alf Hornborg,Andreas Malm / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

The Anthropocene narrative portrays humanity as a species ascending to power over the rest of the Earth System. In the crucial field of climate change, this entails the attribution of fossil fuel combustion to properties acquired during human evolution, notably the ability to manipulate fire. But the fossil economy was not created nor is it upheld by humankind in general. This intervention questions the use of the species category in the Anthropocene narrative and argues that it is analytically flawed, as well as inimical to action. Intra-species inequalities are part and parcel of the current ecological crisis and cannot be ignored in attempts to understand it.

A kapitalocén – avagy mibe kerül az olcsó természet?

Author(s): Attila Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

In the last decades the Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation to the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis was not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature). According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subchapters are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than I interpret the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally I analyse the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.In the last decades the so-called Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation of the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis were not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature) in general. According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subsections are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than the paper interprets the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally it analyses the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.

Współczesne spojrzenie na teorię totalitaryzmu

Author(s): Damian Winczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this article was to examine the cohesion and political connotations of the term „totalitarianism”, which is often used in the public debate in Poland. On the basis of a contemporary critical research, the content of the most popular concepts of totalitarianism has been analyzed, paying particular attention to the so-called „Cold Ward efinition of totalitarianism”, as it seems to be the most popular in a public debate. The author claims that the concept of „totalitarianism” was created in specific historical conditions and was frequently used as a tool to sanction the rule of liberal ideology. Thus, although „totalitarian model” is generally recognized in social sciences, it should be used with caution in assessing entire political or ideological currents.

Olvasni a szöveget, érteni a közeget

Author(s): Zsófia Ivanics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

A kritikai pedagógia olvasatában a tanítás és tanulás szükségszerűen politikai tett, aminek elsődleges célja, hogy egy igazságosabb és egyenlőbb társadalom létrejöttéhez járuljon hozzá. Ennek a hozzájárulásnak a mikéntje azonban számos kérdést vet fel a pedagógiai gyakorlat szempontjából. A vonatkozó irodalom ritkán beszél módszerekről, vagy technikákról, mivel alaptételének tekinti, hogy a társadalmi viszonyok és a pedagógiai gyakorlatok szoros egysége miatt a módszer soha nem lehet állandó. Emiatt jellemzően nem egyszerű praktikus kapaszkodókat találni sem a módszerek kidolgozásához, sem pedig a pedagógiai gyakorlatok újraértelmezéséhez. Ez az írás elsősorban a gyakorlati tapasztalatok megosztásának és a saját pedagógiai gyakorlatok kritikus vizsgálatának szükségessége mellett érvel, hiszen ez az, ami leginkább elősegítheti, hogy a kritikai pedagógiában központi szerepet betöltő reflexió ne csak az elméleti alapok absztrakt szinten történő megújítását célozza, hanem egyben az érdemi párbeszédet és tanulási folyamatot is lehetővé tegye.

Kritikai pedagógiák – Megközelítések és viták

Author(s): György Mészáros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

This article aims to present and analyse the various scientific approaches and debates of critical pedagogy. The paper offers a theoretical overview and analysis of the different trends; it also integrates the experiences gained in the International Conference on Critical Education. The term “critical pedagogy”; itself has become a term and label taken by very different approaches. Thus, it may be better to talk about critical pedagogies in the plural. In its historical and social context, the article attempts to present the critical pedagogy that has emerged primarily in the United States in the dialogue with postmodernism, as well as its criticisms, especially the Marxist- oriented authors, many of whom are not from the USA. In particular, the Critical Education Conference has become a significant forum for the latter actors over the last decade. From the related experience, a live community of practice seems to emerge. The history of this group and the debates of the different approaches carry lessons for the Hungarian context, too. The final chapter of the study raises questions related to this Hungarian reception of critical pedagogies. The article only undertakes an outline of the various trends without a more profound analysis or a detailed introduction to critical pedagogy(s). Its text presupposes knowledge of the main concepts of previous studies or critical pedagogy in general and a broader view of critical social sciences. Each author’s insights are briefly displayed, and the bibliography allows the interested reader to look into them more deeply.

A pedagógia elnyomottja

Author(s): Tamás Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

The most common way of articulating educational problems and questions is by speaking the language of social sciences, and using the grammar of political logics. What is the proportion of disadvantaged students? Does this and that project for inclusion appear to be effective? Since when has the school been reproducing inequalities? And so on. What I would like to discuss here is that it is possible to talk about education educationally and along educational logics. While the logic of the political refers to the way the social is born, the logic of the educational signifies the way birth becomes social – namely, our collective and political attitude toward the fact that newcomers are constantly coming into our common and old world. I will present four educational logics characteristic of our epoch, which are discussed in depth by the proponents of an experimentative critical pedagogy. They do understand these logics of the educational in a radically different, twisted way if compared to the mainstream educational discourse, thus laying the groundwork for a new kind of radical left-wing pedagogy. In agreement with them, I want to argue here that pedagogy is not the praxis of the future, but of the present, in which it is more important not to know certain things than to want to know everything, because this is how we can break the chains of the prevailing order here and now: by putting gods and masters into brackets, and ignoring the expectations of the society, as well as the hopes of yesterday which constantly defer revolution.

Deviszont Közösségi Tér. Kritikai pedagógia Kispesten

Author(s): Alexandra Szarka,Kinga Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

The following article is an introduction of Deviszont Community Space, which is a critical pedagogy project aimed at working-class youth attending vocational schools. Our aim is to learn critical thinking, community-based thinking and social action together, from each other – we believe that to reach systemic change in society, you need education; and the aim of education is to foster social change. The article illustrates the Hungarian educational system via quotes from the youths of Deviszont; demonstrates the methodology of critical pedagogy, using examples from our activities to show how to use them in practice; and presents an actual activity plan. Also, we describe in a step-by-step methodological guide what we have needed to do in order to create our community space. In our opinion, there is nothing to wait for: institutions need to be established, places where people who are able to question the existing social system and power structures can grow up. It is time for education to be as important a topic in social discourse, as it is in the shaping of society.

Egy baloldali oktatáspolitika körvonalai

Author(s): György Mészáros,Eszter Neumann / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

In the politically divided Hungarian education policy field, a dedicated and coherent leftist education policy alternative has never been formulated since the regime change. Inspired by Hungarian critical education literature and the international literature on leftist education and pedagogy, our paper aims to make a sketch of the main cornerstones of an up-to-date and comprehensive leftist education policy approach. The paper aims to spark a debate: it does not elicit data analysis but rather elicits principles. The main elements of a leftist, critical education policy alternative are the following: an equalizing and comprehensive school system which considers the social embeddedness of the schools and conceives the school as a political space at the macro-level; adaptive, community-based schools at the meso-level; and democratic pedagogical practices at the micro-level. In addition to these main lines, it is proposed to think about the teacher as considered as a social transformative, autonomous intellectual and professional and to envisage a curriculum mindful of class issues.

After Me/Ontopolitics: Post-Socialist Necroecologies in a Non-Philosophical Key

Author(s): Andrija N. Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

The complex relationality between inheritance of the socialist past, the socioeconomic transitional present characterised by extractivist capitalism, and a future marked by species extinction, produces post-socialist necroecologies. On one hand, relationally devastating resource extraction produces necroecological non-becoming through its meontopolitics; on the other hand, there are mass movements calling for the cessation of that extraction and for an ontopolitics of becoming other than those causing environmental destruction. This article concerns the non-philosophical reduction of the metaphysical presuppositions of these environmental material-semiotic practices in contemporary Serbia, showing that they are grounded in ontological pairs of non-becoming and becoming. To think about the post-socialist necroecological material-semiotic condition in a non-philosophical key means thinking about it neither relationally nor non-relationally, neither through non-becoming or becoming, but unilaterally, through heno-humaneity and beyond Western metaphysics.

Din Referanslı Hareketlerin Sosyo-Politik Bağlamda Karşılaştırılması: Evanjelizm ve Gülenizm (FETÖ) Örneği

Author(s): Muhammed Yamaç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Religion is a social phenomenon. In particular, religion's legitimation and instrumentalization power can be functional in many dimensions of religion-referenced movements. The socio-political context of these movements is not independent of the functionality of religion. In the study, Evangelicalism and Gulenism (Fetullah Terrorist Organization - FETÖ) were examined comparatively within the framework of a socio-political approach. In this sense, it has been determined that movements have similar tendencies in many dimensions. It has been understood that Evangelism and Gulenism have identical aspects and contents regarding socio-political preferences that differ from the religious tradition they refer. In the study, documentation, one of the qualitative method techniques, and a sociological and understanding point of view were used. In this context, only similar trends of the findings or data were focused on and these were tried to be revealed by comparative analysis. The study, “Evangelicalism and Gulenism in terms of which social policies tendencies contain similar features?” scrutinizes the problem. The conclusion reached is that Gulenism and Evangelicalism have similar tendencies of many aspects in the socio-political context. The main subject of the study is to reveal the similar trends of the movement in terms of establishment, stages of development, structuring, national and global scale social policies, goals, discourse, activities, and strategies.

Changing Social Movements in Lisbon? Housing Financialisation and Post-pandemic Activism

Author(s): Luís Mendes,Simone Tulumello / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

During the last decade, following years of austerity and rapid growth driven by tourism, real estate, and external investment, Lisbon has become a paradigmatic case of the financialisation/crisis nexus in the housing field. The simultaneous emergence and growth of social movements for the right to housing has been widely documented, with some accounts focusing on anti-financialisation struggles. In this article, we present the repertoires and claims of four activist groups and platforms born between 2022 and 2023 and discuss how Portuguese social movements are contending with the increasing centrality of financialisation in housing. In sum, we present three broad patterns of rescaling – intersectionality, internationalisation, and relations with political parties – in relation to the general endeavour to build a mass movement.

Fractured Mobilization: Miami’s Little Haiti Confronts Mega-Real Estate Speculation

Author(s): Richard Tardanico / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Disenfranchised urban communities worldwide are increasingly vulnerable to land dispossession and cultural erasure as neoliberal regimes unleash intensified financial speculation within polarizing and splintering local/global class and racialized disparities. A dilemma of disenfranchised communities when confronting speculative intrusions where prospective allies have become marginalized or eliminated is whether, and to what degree, to resist such threats contentiously at the risk of zero-sum defeat versus accommodative negotiations seeking to rescue modest benefits while mitigating dislocations. The forms and intensities of community responses can be conceptualized as embedded within multiscalar state society and local politico-spatial configurations. From that perspective, I address a predominantly Black immigrant district, Miami’s Little Haiti, as it confronts mega-real estate speculation within a metropolitan political economy of corporate real estate hegemony and accelerating racialized expulsions. The contentious versus accommodative dilemma and local/supralocal political landscape fractured and neutralized the Haitian collective responses. I conclude by discussing the case’s theoretical/comparative implications.