THE PHENOMENON OF MEDIA COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Gheorghe Cojocariu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The study tries to reach the area of processes and phenomena of what the researchers now call media communication, a concept which will hopefully become largely spread. Like many other issues dealt with in the studies about communication, this form of “common knowledge” is quite familiar still difficult to analyze. This is the reason why I decided to put together some ideas of various authors who decided to use this expression, and to show how media communication works.

"A vallási élet elemi formái"-tól "A média rítusai"-ig: durkheimi fogalmak a kommunikációelméletben

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 18/2012

The essay gives a critical review of The Rituals of the Media by Lajos Császi. It seeks to showhow the Durkheimian sociology of religion can be applied to the modern communicationtheory and what perspectives such a combination can store for sociology. The mediahas a significant impact on the formation of public opinion; therefore, its rituals deservea special attention. However, the opinion forming power of the media depends on thesocial structure and the movement of the masses. Today even ordinary people can broadcastInternet TV-programmes and we have not even mentioned the technical possibilitiesoffered by the various social network sites. It is not only the technical competence, whichdetermines whether a given opinion will remain embedded in a narrow subculture or itsucceeds to move the masses, which was a well-loved catchword of the 20th century

"Amerikanizacija" bez trivijalizacije: analiza novinskog izvještavanja o predizbornoj kampanji Vesne Pusić 2009. godine

Author(s): Lana Milanovic,Maja Šimunjak,Katarina Brecic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2012

The election campaigns in democracies around the world are becoming more alike, and modern trends accompanying them are called "Americanization" trends. The main goals of this research were to detect "Americanization" trends in Croatia and to see whether those trends can be adopted without trivialization of political discourse. The research was conducted through content analysis of the reports on Vesna Pusić's 2009 election campaign published in the national daily newspapers. The analysis showed the existence of many "Americanization" trends in both media reporting and Pusić's statements. However, since the main focus of her statements remained on the current socio-political issues, the conclusion is that the candidate’s political communication can be "Americanized", but at the same time retaining its substance, hence, not trivialized.

"Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya" Adlı Yayına Göre Azerbaycan Dergileri (1832-1920)

Author(s): Fahri Sakal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

Press and one of its branches, articles are considered to be one of the main sources in all areas of history, not just for cultural issues. The press and journals which are very important for both political and cultural history of Azerbaijan are well known in Turkey and therefore are not used in studies. In this article, based on the work of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences entitled "Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya, Bakı 1987", the journals published in Azerbaijan and Georgia in this period are briefly introduced. In the article, it is presented in alphabetical order the journals, their editorials, publisher and journalists and given information about the publishing policy of the journals, the types of articles and the ideological direction. As the bibliography was from the Soviet era, the nationalist intellectuals and authors was not included, but those who served the Bolsheviks were presented with delicate expressions. It is reminded to the reader in the footnotes in the text when necessary.

"Declaration of Immortality" – Inspirations Derived from Creative Documentaries by Wojciech Wiszniewski

Author(s): Urszula Tes / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

In his documentary Declaration of Immortality, Marcin Koszałka intentionally refers to the style of Wojciech Wiszniewski. Visual creativity is strongly exposed here, both in the style of filming and the presentation of the hero. The main character in the film, Piotr Korczak, reminds of the monument-like heroes from Wiszniewski’s films, like protagonist from Wanda Gościmińska. A Weaver Koszałka filmed the scenes in the Potocki Palace in Krzeszowice in the manner of Wiszniewski’s long tracking shots. Visual creativity in Koszałka’s and Wiszniewski’s films encompasses the staging, precise frame composition, and their intentional artificiality, which does not nullify the documentary their nature. Form in the works of the directors of Primer (Wiszniewski) and Declaration of Immortality (Koszałka) interacts more or less with the spirit of Stanisław Witkiewicz’s art. Koszałka, like Wiszniewski, ‘dismantles’ reality, exposing the illusion of cinema to present a guru of mountain climbing (Korczak) as a ‘hostage of immortality’. The lonely hero from Wiszniewski-like staged scenes in Declaration of Immortality is presented as an ‘outgoing star’ whose fame has passed, giving way to alienation or a sense of failure. The tension from Declaration of Immortality emerges from the contrast between the way of filming (heroic style), and the meaning of particular scenes. The cinema of Wojciech Wiszniewski includes symbols, metaphors, and allegories. Th is artistic conception goes well with Marcin Koszałka’s concept of cinema, which – since the making of Existence (2007) – has become more and more symbolic, incorporating Baroque-like formal ideas based on strong contrasts to evoke ‘cognitive discomfort’ in the viewer.

"Dr House" - gra i semiologia

Author(s): Zbigniew Kloch / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2012

The paper describes how the characters of House, M.D. interact and relate to each other; it also discusses the role played by specific, semantically charged means of constructing narration. On one hand, the show largely maintains the model of a conventional medical drama, on the other, it deconstructs many of the characteristics inherent in the genre. The paper also attempts to explain the show’s huge popularity (for a certain time in the United States alone it reached 27 million viewers) achieved in spite of going beyond what an average viewer would expect, primarily by the show’s construction and by evoking ideas outside a classic medical drama.

"MJESTO SJEĆANJA" ILI IZBORNA KAMPANJA? ANALIZA SADRŽAJA HRVATSKIH MEDIJA PRIJE PARLAMENTARNIH IZBORA 2015.

Author(s): Marko Mustapic,Ivan Balabanic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2018

After a brief theoretical consideration of the cultural memory and political communication in electoral campaigns, this paper analyses statements of politicians during the 2015 Croatian parliamentary campaign. The main goal of the paper is to establish the manner in which events and happenings from modern Croatian history and the various ‘collective memories' surrounding them were present in the media excerpts analysed. Research of excerpts from the leading Croatian media outlets (daily newspapers, TV stations, web portals) was performed through content analysis. The results show that excerpts including political communication about modern historical themes were present to a significant extent, and that discussions of these topics were most often provoked by the largest political parties, Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). On the level of general conclusion, it can be claimed that the electoral campaign largely became a "site of memory" where further political conflicts surrounding historical issues were generated, while discussions of solutions to numerous social problems were neglected.

"Namćori" iz komšiluka: predstavljanje starosti u domaćoj televizijskoj reklami

Author(s): Ljubica Milosavljevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2010

This paper is the result of a three-month monitoring of Serbian television commercials which aimed to study the way elderly people are represented in the media. Elderly people appear in only six commercials, more often as a functional part of a series than as protagonists. Yet in spite of the small number of commercials in which they appear, it is easy to identify the stereotypes which are translated from a social paradigm into the sphere of the media. The stereotypes on which commercials are based belong for the most part to the corpus of negative stereotypes of elderly people as hopelessly behind the times, feeble, lonely, irritating, cantankerous, etc. Some positive stereotypes are also evident, but they are mostly limited to a perception of elderly people as kindly givers of useful advice. It is interesting to note that the "cantankerous people next door" are as a rule anonymous elderly people, as are those "lost in time and space", who are mostly elderly women. In contrast, those who let their careers and images be associated with a certain product, in order to pass on their great experience and knowledge, are as a rule famous persons. Just as it is possible to make a distinction between commercials depending on whether or not the products advertised are targeted at the elderly – which they rarely are – and whether elderly people appear in leading or supporting roles, in order to make viewers laugh or annoy them, so it is possible to distinguish between the "real-life principle", which involves the translation of the society’s dominant attitudes into commercials, and "commercial reality", which either makes old age invisible or "masks" it so that it is pleasant to the eye. The reason that old people are absent from television commercials or are mostly represented in a negative light is to be found in the low purchasing power of this age group, but also in the fact that advertising in Serbia developed practically overnight, and therefore has not always been able to follow foreign advertising trends, which treat the elderly as a worthy target audience for commercials.

"Night with the General" - a Democratic Documentary

Author(s): Michal Piepiórka / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

The film is one of few examples of political documentaries produced in Poland after 1989. It is not limited to merely outlining the political argument over General Jaruzelski’s decision to impose martial law. Although it concerns events in Polish history, it is not a historical documentary, as it brings forth present-day political conflicts that have arisen around historical events. Trying to reconstruct this current political argument, Zmarz-Koczanowicz reaches for a method developed in the 1970s by the so-called “Kraków School” led by Krzysztof Kieślowski. ^e “talking heads” method was meant to help documentary filmmakers in the Polish People’s Republic reach what the person in the street actually thought and avoid the distortions of propaganda. For Kieślowski, however, the overriding aim was conciliation and an attempt to understand both sides of the political barricade - the authorities and the vox populi. His attitude, according to the terminology suggested by Chantal Mouffe, was a post-political one striving for an agreement through a rational dialogue. Zmarz-Koczanowicz’s aim, however, is different: she is intent on showing a clash of different hegemonies that do not strive for consensus. Their agonistic argument, played out in the political register, rather than a moral one, is a guarantee, according to this Belgian philosopher of politics, that democracy will continue to exist.

"Plutajući označitelji": pregovaranja oko značenja nacionalnog u Crnoj Gori na Internet-forumu Café del Montenegro

Author(s): Carna Brkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2008

The paper represents the analysis of the narratives that deal with the sentiment of national belonging in Montenegro within the chat room Café del Montenegro. The practice of the Internet chat room users is perceived as cultural engagement – „practicing" the State and the emotion of national identification of its own kind. By writing, arguing, negotiating the meaning of the state and nation an abundance of different and broken knowledge’s are created- many histories, geographies, ethics and politics are offered. On the one hand, these directly undermines, jeopardizes and questions the power of the State narrative, hitherto negotiating the nation, the State, authentic devotion, simultaneously manufacturing the state-nation as a reality. The result of mutual correspondence in the chat room is persistent negotiation of the meaning of national categories in Montenegro over the years.

"PROJEKT LADY" TELEVISION REALITY SHOW AS A TOOL FOR RESAPING PERSONAL BRANDING

Author(s): Jerzy Goluchowski,Irena Kaminska-Radomska,Anna Losa-Jonczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2/2016

Creating a personal brand is an important tool for professional development and success in life. The practical and research problem is the selection of the most effective methods of creating a personal brand. The aim of the article is an analysis of the innovative use of the reality show (The "Project Lady" in Polish Television TVN) as a method of shaping the personal brand using gamification. The paper deals with review of the process and the transformation of the personal image and with results of this program.

"Vy jste mi z té otázky utekl". Aanalýza jednoho způsobu vymáhání odpovědi s využitím korpusových dokladů

Author(s): Lucie Jílková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2015

An analysis of contemporary media dialogues demonstrates that guests on television or radio debates occasionally attempt to avoid answering questions posed by moderators. This article analyses the Czech expressions Vy jste mi z té otázky utekl / Vy mi z té otázky utíkáte (literally ‘You ran away from my question’ / ‘You’re running away from my question’), which are occasionally used by moderators in order to elicit an answer from the guest. Two questions are posed: a) In which texts does this expression occur? and b) Can it be considered a contemporary phraseme? The examples come from the Czech National Corpus, the DIALOG corpus and the archives of the Czech Radio and the archives of the Czech Television. This evokes the idea that the moderator’s question represents a space in which the guest has (involuntarily) found himself and from which he is trying to escape. The paper thus places this expression in the context of other phrasemes which express the idea of running away (an escape) from real as well as metaphorical spaces (e.g. utéci z učení, ‘to run away from one’s studies’), phrasemes which are to a certain degree synonymous (e.g. vyvléci se z otázky, ‘to slip away from a question’) as well as with the phrase utíkat od něčeho (e.g. od tématu, ‘to stray from the topic’). The number of occurrences is too low for the expression under review to be considered a contemporary phraseme. However, the interview participants appear to use it without any difficulty and it does not cause misunderstandings in communication.

"We Believe Journalism is the Ideal Vehicle For Teaching 21st Century Skills". Is the New Meaning of Media Literacy Worth Spreading? Action Research in Silicon Valley

Author(s): Agnieszka Janiak-Staszek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

"Without One Tree, a Forest Will Stay a Forest" by Dagmara Drzazga As a Religious and Historical Documentary

Author(s): Katarzyna Citko / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

Katarzyna Citkos article is an analysis of Dagmara Drzazga’s film Bez jednego drzewa las lasem zostanie (Without One Tree, a Forest Will Stay a Forest, 2012), an example of a religious and historical documentary. The article describes the film’s depiction of the tragic fate of Jan Macha, a priest who during the Nazi occupation of Poland organized help for victims of German oppression as a co-founder of the Scout organization Konwalia (Lilly). For his work, he was arrested and executed in a prison in Katowice by means of a guillotine that was installed there in 1941. The article also analyses film-making techniques characteristic to documentaries, as well as the specific forms of expression which situate Drzazga’s work in the realm of religious cinema. These documentary techniques include combining photos and archival documentaries, interviews with people who knew Macha, and the opinions of experts, such as historians, clergymen and journalists. Other interesting techniques employed by the director make it possible to describe the film as belonging to religious cinema of the transcendental style, as described by Paul Schrader, which abandons unnecessary suspense in favor of poetic images; focuses on the dynamics and drama of the events rather than an in-depth psychological analysis of characters’ motivations; interweaves first and third person narration, which is carried out by means of both voice over and by people speaking in the film; uses suggestive image editing combined with music which employs the theme of Agnus Dei. All of these features helped Drzazga’s interesting and thought-provoking film win a number of awards at international Catholic film festivals.

"YouTube" як найпотужніший інструмент просування музичних відеокліпів

Author(s): Nikita Bogdanov / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2017

Purpose of the work. The purpose of the work is to identify possible methods for using Social Media Marketing and the YouTube channel to promote video production. The research methodology consists in the use of functional, systemic, comparative and media analysis to consider the YouTube channel as a quality content for the promotion of video production. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the disclosure of the main provisions for the promotion of video products (music videos) on the channel "YouTube". For the first time, the methods of promoting video production in "YouTube" are considered, in the context of the development of Internet technologies. Conclusions. "YouTube" belongs to the most popular hosting, where you can rank and promote national video products for little money. Also, the video format is considered an important component in the work of marketers. Videos fully demonstrate the various characteristics of the product or create valuable educational or cultural and artistic content. Therefore, producers and marketers are constantly increasing the volume of financing the production of advertising videos and video clips in order to interest potential buyers. At the same time, there is a risk of copyright infringement in the network, so the problem of legislative regulation of the protection of the rights of modern music performers and popularization of their video production is still relevant.

"Разговори" в смарт пространството

Author(s): Roussi Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

In the article “Conversations in the Smart Space" by prof. Rusi Marinov, D.Sc. are monitored the development, principles and models of smart work systems, theories of conversation and their modifications in the modern environment. Analyzed are new forms of communication such as M2M and IoT.

#domovina, czyli hashtagowanie ojczyzny

Author(s): Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

Hashtags, originally introduced in Internet Relay Chat, then popularized in Twitter, have become the most used way to tag short messages in social networks. They are also used on Instagram since this facilitates searching, classification and clustering over visual materials. The text focuses on the hashtag domovina (homeland) and shows how Croatian users of Instagram understand and visualize the idea of homeland. I distinguished main strategies of understanding of homeland: by connecting it with national symbols, confession, landscape, cuisine and – unexpectedly – selfie. I find that Instagram group using the hashtag domovina is a new type of political community. In the last part of the text I state that images containing tag domovina create the thematic collection and that they form a new type of image that I called modern polyptych.

#publicrelations on Twitter: Pushers, Talkers, Influencers on Spamming PR and Job Hunting

Author(s): Ana Adi / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

A space generally associated with marketers and breaking news (Hobsbawn, 2009 cited in Evans, Twomey & Talan, 2011), Twitter has also become a space debate, community building and legitimization for companies and social movements alike. The academic literature has seen a rise in interest in the micro-blogging platform. For instance, Adi and Moloney (2012) assess the strategic uses of Twitter by protest groups, Adi, Erickson and Lilleker (2014) reflect on the networks and use pattern of the same platform by politicians, namely UK Labor party representatives in the House of Lords while Adi and Grigore (2015) analyze the strategic uses of social media by corporations. Bajpai and Jaiswal (2011) on the other hand propose a framework for analyzing collective action events on Twitter and so do the creators behind visual analysis platforms like NodeXL, Gephi, Linkurious and Socioviz. Public Relations research too has provided several reflections and analyses of Twitter. Verhoeven et al (2012) and Sweetsner and Kelleher discuss how practitioners use social media; Lovejoy, Waters and Saxton evaluate how NGO are engaging stakeholders though the new medium, while Saffer, Sommerfeldt and Taylor (2013) suggest that Twitter interactivity influences the quality of organization–public relationships. With questions about the professionalization of Public Relations as well as about the portrayals and perceptions of the profession continuing to intrigue researchers, it is surprising that only Xifra and Grau (2010) looked into the type of information shared in tweets about public relations. Using the Twitter data collection and analysis option from Socioviz this paper provides an exploratory account of the #publicrelations on Twitter. Using the visualizations provided by the platform and automated data analysis to gain insight into over 10,000 tweets published during June 15-24 and July 15-24, this paper qualitatively assesses the emerging themes about public relations focusing on association of hashtags and type of messages shared and identifies the most active and most influential users within the issue topic. The paper reveals that the #publicrelations is often associated with #jobs or is hijacked and associated with tags such as #gossip or #entertainment. The paper also shows that conversation in the #publicrelations issue network is limited and that the hashtag only partially includes content relevant to the practice. In doing so the paper raises important questions about the nature of dialogue and symmetry on social media and their assessment and suggests that further research should explore twitter chats as well as continue to apply similar data collection methods as used for the study.

#someonetellcnn: The Agonistic Relationship between South and North Media Memories

Author(s): David Katiambo / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

The international media stand accused for creating a negative retrospective memory about Africa through misreporting. Social media is providing an alternative channel to air counternarratives. Through Discourse Theoretical Analysis this paper uses the agonistic democracy theory to explain how Twitter is enabling Kenyans to create an optimistic prospective memory as a counter narrative to Western media’s negative retrospective memory about Africa. Mouffe’s concept of “agonism” will be utilized to conceptualize how uncivil attacks are enabling Kenyans to fend off international media misreporting. The paper unpacks how Kenyans on Twitter (KOT) used incivility against CNN to to create a national agonistic memory ahead of the 2015 Africa visit by President Obama. The paper analyses incivility at #SomeonetellCNN as a form of collective remembrance, meaning not only remembering what CNN had already said, the retrospective memory, but also remembering what CNN was expected to do, the prospective memory.

#tropy#feminizm

Author(s): Agata Szuba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2018

The contemporary media message can be perceived in two perspectives: an active one, in which women perform a role of journalists and editors, and a passive perspective, in which they become a part of media message. The latter aspect is the most controversial for many reasons. Walter Lippmann defines a stereotype as an image created in the mind which allows a subordination of a certain fragment of reality a priori. The media’s visible, negative influence on women has them create a reality beyond the boundaries of acceptance, presenting it in a way the audience expects. A new kind of feminism appears, i.e. one which answers the receiver’s needs (succumbing to the expectations and exposing to the view), and a question appears – whether in the time of the feminist legacy, thereby changes resulting from the development of the media, feminists should gain their own unique style? In a way this begins to happen. Due to the development of the media, women gained an unrestricted possibility to express their views, and the reception and availability of the media lifts the restrictions and causes an inconspicuous person to please and sweep the crowd and his or her voice to be impossible to be ignored in the discourse.