THE PHENOMENON OF MEDIA COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Gheorghe Cojocariu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The study tries to reach the area of processes and phenomena of what the researchers now call media communication, a concept which will hopefully become largely spread. Like many other issues dealt with in the studies about communication, this form of “common knowledge” is quite familiar still difficult to analyze. This is the reason why I decided to put together some ideas of various authors who decided to use this expression, and to show how media communication works.

"A vallási élet elemi formái"-tól "A média rítusai"-ig: durkheimi fogalmak a kommunikációelméletben

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 18/2012

The essay gives a critical review of The Rituals of the Media by Lajos Császi. It seeks to showhow the Durkheimian sociology of religion can be applied to the modern communicationtheory and what perspectives such a combination can store for sociology. The mediahas a significant impact on the formation of public opinion; therefore, its rituals deservea special attention. However, the opinion forming power of the media depends on thesocial structure and the movement of the masses. Today even ordinary people can broadcastInternet TV-programmes and we have not even mentioned the technical possibilitiesoffered by the various social network sites. It is not only the technical competence, whichdetermines whether a given opinion will remain embedded in a narrow subculture or itsucceeds to move the masses, which was a well-loved catchword of the 20th century

"Amerikanizacija" bez trivijalizacije: analiza novinskog izvještavanja o predizbornoj kampanji Vesne Pusić 2009. godine

Author(s): Lana Milanović,Maja Šimunjak,Katarina Brečić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 116/2012

The election campaigns in democracies around the world are becoming more alike, and modern trends accompanying them are called "Americanization" trends. The main goals of this research were to detect "Americanization" trends in Croatia and to see whether those trends can be adopted without trivialization of political discourse. The research was conducted through content analysis of the reports on Vesna Pusić's 2009 election campaign published in the national daily newspapers. The analysis showed the existence of many "Americanization" trends in both media reporting and Pusić's statements. However, since the main focus of her statements remained on the current socio-political issues, the conclusion is that the candidate’s political communication can be "Americanized", but at the same time retaining its substance, hence, not trivialized.

"Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya" Adlı Yayına Göre Azerbaycan Dergileri (1832-1920)

Author(s): Fahri Sakal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

Press and one of its branches, articles are considered to be one of the main sources in all areas of history, not just for cultural issues. The press and journals which are very important for both political and cultural history of Azerbaijan are well known in Turkey and therefore are not used in studies. In this article, based on the work of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences entitled "Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya, Bakı 1987", the journals published in Azerbaijan and Georgia in this period are briefly introduced. In the article, it is presented in alphabetical order the journals, their editorials, publisher and journalists and given information about the publishing policy of the journals, the types of articles and the ideological direction. As the bibliography was from the Soviet era, the nationalist intellectuals and authors was not included, but those who served the Bolsheviks were presented with delicate expressions. It is reminded to the reader in the footnotes in the text when necessary.

"Declaration of Immortality" – Inspirations Derived from Creative Documentaries by Wojciech Wiszniewski

Author(s): Urszula Tes / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

In his documentary Declaration of Immortality, Marcin Koszałka intentionally refers to the style of Wojciech Wiszniewski. Visual creativity is strongly exposed here, both in the style of filming and the presentation of the hero. The main character in the film, Piotr Korczak, reminds of the monument-like heroes from Wiszniewski’s films, like protagonist from Wanda Gościmińska. A Weaver Koszałka filmed the scenes in the Potocki Palace in Krzeszowice in the manner of Wiszniewski’s long tracking shots. Visual creativity in Koszałka’s and Wiszniewski’s films encompasses the staging, precise frame composition, and their intentional artificiality, which does not nullify the documentary their nature. Form in the works of the directors of Primer (Wiszniewski) and Declaration of Immortality (Koszałka) interacts more or less with the spirit of Stanisław Witkiewicz’s art. Koszałka, like Wiszniewski, ‘dismantles’ reality, exposing the illusion of cinema to present a guru of mountain climbing (Korczak) as a ‘hostage of immortality’. The lonely hero from Wiszniewski-like staged scenes in Declaration of Immortality is presented as an ‘outgoing star’ whose fame has passed, giving way to alienation or a sense of failure. The tension from Declaration of Immortality emerges from the contrast between the way of filming (heroic style), and the meaning of particular scenes. The cinema of Wojciech Wiszniewski includes symbols, metaphors, and allegories. Th is artistic conception goes well with Marcin Koszałka’s concept of cinema, which – since the making of Existence (2007) – has become more and more symbolic, incorporating Baroque-like formal ideas based on strong contrasts to evoke ‘cognitive discomfort’ in the viewer.

"Dr House" - gra i semiologia

Author(s): Zbigniew Kloch / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2012

The paper describes how the characters of House, M.D. interact and relate to each other; it also discusses the role played by specific, semantically charged means of constructing narration. On one hand, the show largely maintains the model of a conventional medical drama, on the other, it deconstructs many of the characteristics inherent in the genre. The paper also attempts to explain the show’s huge popularity (for a certain time in the United States alone it reached 27 million viewers) achieved in spite of going beyond what an average viewer would expect, primarily by the show’s construction and by evoking ideas outside a classic medical drama.

"Informacija" i teorija komunikacije - Bilješke za buduću povijest tog koncepta

Author(s): Hanno Hardt / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01/1987

A historical analysis of the concept of information, within communication theory, begin with its determining as a historical framework, a socio-cultural context for the study of media and communication; information as knowledge, and communication as the integration and transformation of the different segments of society. Information is defined as a form of practical knowledge in the process of change and the realization of a democratic society. With the stressing of a scientific, empirical, analysis of society the scientific status of information is getting stronger. Such an approach relies on the model patterns of analysis with a stress on cybcrnetical and mathematical problems. More ambitious, globally directed approaches connect this approach with general system theory. A fundamental limitation of this model conception of information manifests itself in the production of distorted images of social reality and of complex human interaction.

"Metal Studies" – historia powstania i przegląd badań

Author(s): Anna Baka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

Metal Music Studies started in 2008. This article describes their genesis and the history of their growth up to the present day. It summarizes the most important publications and lists the academic centers that proved to be crucial for stimulating their growth. The article moves on to describe the main research areas of Metal Studies, supplementing each description with relevant published research examples

"MJESTO SJEĆANJA" ILI IZBORNA KAMPANJA? ANALIZA SADRŽAJA HRVATSKIH MEDIJA PRIJE PARLAMENTARNIH IZBORA 2015.

Author(s): Marko Mustapić,Ivan Balabanić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2018

After a brief theoretical consideration of the cultural memory and political communication in electoral campaigns, this paper analyses statements of politicians during the 2015 Croatian parliamentary campaign. The main goal of the paper is to establish the manner in which events and happenings from modern Croatian history and the various ‘collective memories' surrounding them were present in the media excerpts analysed. Research of excerpts from the leading Croatian media outlets (daily newspapers, TV stations, web portals) was performed through content analysis. The results show that excerpts including political communication about modern historical themes were present to a significant extent, and that discussions of these topics were most often provoked by the largest political parties, Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). On the level of general conclusion, it can be claimed that the electoral campaign largely became a "site of memory" where further political conflicts surrounding historical issues were generated, while discussions of solutions to numerous social problems were neglected.

"Namćori" iz komšiluka: predstavljanje starosti u domaćoj televizijskoj reklami

Author(s): Ljubica Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2010

This paper is the result of a three-month monitoring of Serbian television commercials which aimed to study the way elderly people are represented in the media. Elderly people appear in only six commercials, more often as a functional part of a series than as protagonists. Yet in spite of the small number of commercials in which they appear, it is easy to identify the stereotypes which are translated from a social paradigm into the sphere of the media. The stereotypes on which commercials are based belong for the most part to the corpus of negative stereotypes of elderly people as hopelessly behind the times, feeble, lonely, irritating, cantankerous, etc. Some positive stereotypes are also evident, but they are mostly limited to a perception of elderly people as kindly givers of useful advice. It is interesting to note that the "cantankerous people next door" are as a rule anonymous elderly people, as are those "lost in time and space", who are mostly elderly women. In contrast, those who let their careers and images be associated with a certain product, in order to pass on their great experience and knowledge, are as a rule famous persons. Just as it is possible to make a distinction between commercials depending on whether or not the products advertised are targeted at the elderly – which they rarely are – and whether elderly people appear in leading or supporting roles, in order to make viewers laugh or annoy them, so it is possible to distinguish between the "real-life principle", which involves the translation of the society’s dominant attitudes into commercials, and "commercial reality", which either makes old age invisible or "masks" it so that it is pleasant to the eye. The reason that old people are absent from television commercials or are mostly represented in a negative light is to be found in the low purchasing power of this age group, but also in the fact that advertising in Serbia developed practically overnight, and therefore has not always been able to follow foreign advertising trends, which treat the elderly as a worthy target audience for commercials.

"Night with the General" - a Democratic Documentary

Author(s): Michał Piepiórka / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

The film is one of few examples of political documentaries produced in Poland after 1989. It is not limited to merely outlining the political argument over General Jaruzelski’s decision to impose martial law. Although it concerns events in Polish history, it is not a historical documentary, as it brings forth present-day political conflicts that have arisen around historical events. Trying to reconstruct this current political argument, Zmarz-Koczanowicz reaches for a method developed in the 1970s by the so-called “Kraków School” led by Krzysztof Kieślowski. ^e “talking heads” method was meant to help documentary filmmakers in the Polish People’s Republic reach what the person in the street actually thought and avoid the distortions of propaganda. For Kieślowski, however, the overriding aim was conciliation and an attempt to understand both sides of the political barricade - the authorities and the vox populi. His attitude, according to the terminology suggested by Chantal Mouffe, was a post-political one striving for an agreement through a rational dialogue. Zmarz-Koczanowicz’s aim, however, is different: she is intent on showing a clash of different hegemonies that do not strive for consensus. Their agonistic argument, played out in the political register, rather than a moral one, is a guarantee, according to this Belgian philosopher of politics, that democracy will continue to exist.

"Plutajući označitelji": pregovaranja oko značenja nacionalnog u Crnoj Gori na Internet-forumu Café del Montenegro

Author(s): Čarna Brković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2008

The paper represents the analysis of the narratives that deal with the sentiment of national belonging in Montenegro within the chat room Café del Montenegro. The practice of the Internet chat room users is perceived as cultural engagement – „practicing" the State and the emotion of national identification of its own kind. By writing, arguing, negotiating the meaning of the state and nation an abundance of different and broken knowledge’s are created- many histories, geographies, ethics and politics are offered. On the one hand, these directly undermines, jeopardizes and questions the power of the State narrative, hitherto negotiating the nation, the State, authentic devotion, simultaneously manufacturing the state-nation as a reality. The result of mutual correspondence in the chat room is persistent negotiation of the meaning of national categories in Montenegro over the years.

"PROJEKT LADY" TELEVISION REALITY SHOW AS A TOOL FOR RESAPING PERSONAL BRANDING

Author(s): Jerzy Gołuchowski,Irena Kamińska-Radomska,Anna Losa-Jonczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2/2016

Creating a personal brand is an important tool for professional development and success in life. The practical and research problem is the selection of the most effective methods of creating a personal brand. The aim of the article is an analysis of the innovative use of the reality show (The "Project Lady" in Polish Television TVN) as a method of shaping the personal brand using gamification. The paper deals with review of the process and the transformation of the personal image and with results of this program.

"Psi s cvetlicami": slovenski vojaki in vojna s slovanskimi nasprotniki v slovenskem političnem časopisju 1914–1916

Author(s): Jurij Perovšek / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2016

For a vast majority of Slovenians and Slovenian soldiers there was no doubt that the Slavic opponents of the Monarchy were, due to their undisputed Austrian patriotism, nothing but enemies to the Monarchy. In the period from 1914 to 1916, such sentiments were encouraged by two Slovenian political daily newspapers, i.e. Slovenec and Slovenski narod, whose attitude allowed no ideas about interaction between Slovenians and the other Slavic nations. Regarding the issue of Slavic identity, they found the front lines which ran between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the one side and Slavic countries fighting them on the other to be the deciding factor. Despite some articles in which no harsh words were shared concerning Slavic opponents, the path to considering the mutual Slavic identity was decisively closed at both newspapers. There were only the Austrian sense of self-worth and its narrow attitude towards the Slavic identity and culture. Both Slovenec and Slovenski narod significantly consolidated the position that Slovenians – just like other Slavs in the Habsburg Monarchy – were Austrians, and those who did not feel the same came from a different planet. This attitude was the result of the war, which made Slavic affiliation inferior to the interests of countries fighting in it.

"Riževi standard proti mesnemu standardu" (Elementi stereotipa o japonskem gospodarstvu pri Slovencih pred drugo svetovno vojno)

Author(s): Žarko Lazarević / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2000

The stereotype image of the Japanese economy created by the Slovenian press before the Second World War was not based on its own experience, but was assumed from the western European press. This is understandable, given the very small trade exchange between the two countries at the time. This stereotype included elements, such as social and foreign-exchange dumping, a patriarchal system, a better organised and more efficient economy, and unfair competition.

"Rožman-fenomen"

Author(s): Ivana Šepetavec / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 25/2002

The political and social turmoil, and the age in which the existing values are being questioned lead to the creation of some specific social phenomena. This paper shows the media context of the Rožman phenomenon, but also the individual testimonies of the members of this controversial movement, by comparing the social and the political situations in Croatia with the development of the Hare Krsna movement.

"Vy jste mi z té otázky utekl". Aanalýza jednoho způsobu vymáhání odpovědi s využitím korpusových dokladů

Author(s): Lucie Jílková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2015

An analysis of contemporary media dialogues demonstrates that guests on television or radio debates occasionally attempt to avoid answering questions posed by moderators. This article analyses the Czech expressions Vy jste mi z té otázky utekl / Vy mi z té otázky utíkáte (literally ‘You ran away from my question’ / ‘You’re running away from my question’), which are occasionally used by moderators in order to elicit an answer from the guest. Two questions are posed: a) In which texts does this expression occur? and b) Can it be considered a contemporary phraseme? The examples come from the Czech National Corpus, the DIALOG corpus and the archives of the Czech Radio and the archives of the Czech Television. This evokes the idea that the moderator’s question represents a space in which the guest has (involuntarily) found himself and from which he is trying to escape. The paper thus places this expression in the context of other phrasemes which express the idea of running away (an escape) from real as well as metaphorical spaces (e.g. utéci z učení, ‘to run away from one’s studies’), phrasemes which are to a certain degree synonymous (e.g. vyvléci se z otázky, ‘to slip away from a question’) as well as with the phrase utíkat od něčeho (e.g. od tématu, ‘to stray from the topic’). The number of occurrences is too low for the expression under review to be considered a contemporary phraseme. However, the interview participants appear to use it without any difficulty and it does not cause misunderstandings in communication.

"We Believe Journalism is the Ideal Vehicle For Teaching 21st Century Skills". Is the New Meaning of Media Literacy Worth Spreading? Action Research in Silicon Valley

Author(s): Agnieszka Janiak-Staszek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

"Wiadomošci Brukowe" (1816-1822) un "Dunduri" (1875-1878). Anonimitāte 19. Gadsimta Poļu un Latviešu satīras izdevumos

Author(s): Justina Prusinovska / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 1/2006

"Wiadomosci Brukowe" (The Tabloid News) and "Dunduri" (The Gadflies) are two satiric almanacs written by journalists of different nations in a different but politically similar (the main problems were corvee, deep class division, censorship, surge of foreign trends) periods of the 19th century "Wiadomosci Brukowe" consists of 287 volumes, when "Dundun and presented only by four little annals, named jauni Dunduri, Duitihn» Pienākami, Dunduru Padēli and Dundurs Pats. Regardless, there is no significant differences between them. An analysis of their contents provided important information about Polish and Latvian authors similar way of describing reality and preferences of introducing themselves. Also the literary genres they chose were very often. the same: a dialogue and letter or report from the journey, which could guarantee the anonymity. The most interesting issue is that all the authors were. anonymous and their pseudonyms were really very unconventional and sophisticated.

"Without One Tree, a Forest Will Stay a Forest" by Dagmara Drzazga As a Religious and Historical Documentary

Author(s): Katarzyna Citko / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2014

Katarzyna Citkos article is an analysis of Dagmara Drzazga’s film Bez jednego drzewa las lasem zostanie (Without One Tree, a Forest Will Stay a Forest, 2012), an example of a religious and historical documentary. The article describes the film’s depiction of the tragic fate of Jan Macha, a priest who during the Nazi occupation of Poland organized help for victims of German oppression as a co-founder of the Scout organization Konwalia (Lilly). For his work, he was arrested and executed in a prison in Katowice by means of a guillotine that was installed there in 1941. The article also analyses film-making techniques characteristic to documentaries, as well as the specific forms of expression which situate Drzazga’s work in the realm of religious cinema. These documentary techniques include combining photos and archival documentaries, interviews with people who knew Macha, and the opinions of experts, such as historians, clergymen and journalists. Other interesting techniques employed by the director make it possible to describe the film as belonging to religious cinema of the transcendental style, as described by Paul Schrader, which abandons unnecessary suspense in favor of poetic images; focuses on the dynamics and drama of the events rather than an in-depth psychological analysis of characters’ motivations; interweaves first and third person narration, which is carried out by means of both voice over and by people speaking in the film; uses suggestive image editing combined with music which employs the theme of Agnus Dei. All of these features helped Drzazga’s interesting and thought-provoking film win a number of awards at international Catholic film festivals.